Optimizing Graphene Oxide Interlayer Spacing for Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Growth Toward Enhanced Shale Oil Separation.

Hydrocarbons derived from petroleum typically undergo energy-intensive fractional distillations. Membrane separation technologies with high permeability and selectivity offer an energy-efficient alternative. However, traditional membranes frequently encounter issues, such as swelling, deformation and diminished flux.

Water supply from various sources has different effects on solid-state fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum.

Water is essential in solid-state fermentation (SSF), but the impact of different water sources on SSF efficiency remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of different water sources on water-supply SSF of Ganoderma lucidum. The results showed that supplementation with normal saline led to the highest levels of laccase, CMCase, FPA activities, and biomass of G.

In vitro programmable DNA cleavage by a eukaryotic Argonaute.

Eukaryotic Argonautes (eAgos) have traditionally been characterized by their ability to utilize RNA guides to identify RNA targets, thereby engaging in post-transcriptional gene silencing pathways. While some eAgos have been demonstrated to use DNA guides for RNA cleavage, the ability of eAgos to cleave DNA targets remains unclear. In this study, we characterized CsAgo, an eAgo protein derived from thermophilic eukaryote Chaetomiumsp.

Photoinduced Aminosulfonylation of Unactivated Alkenes via N-N Bond Cleavage and Distal Migration of Imine.

Given the crucial role of β-amino sulfones in the synthesis of functional materials and drug development, an efficient and straightforward synthetic protocol for accessing them is highly desirable. Herein, we present a novel strategy for achieving aminosulfonylation of unactivated alkenes via photoinduced N-N bond cleavage and imine distal migration. This method is metal-free, exhibits high atom economy, and demonstrates good functional group tolerance, offering a simple, green, and broadly applicable approach for synthesizing β-amino sulfone derivatives.

Photoinduced Nickel-Mediated Radical Coupling Reaction of Sodium Sulfinates with -Hydroxyphthalimide Esters.

Aryl methyl sulfones represent a privileged structural motif in modern drug discovery due to their diverse biological activities and metabolic stability. However, conventional synthetic approaches for these valuable compounds typically necessitate harsh reaction conditions, including elevated temperatures, strong oxidants, or air-sensitive reagents, which significantly limit their applicability in pharmaceutical synthesis. Herein, we present a novel and efficient strategy for the synthesis of aryl methyl/trideuterated methyl sulfones through nickel-mediated radical coupling, which involves the synergistic combination of methyl radicals generated from -hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters and sulfonyl radicals derived from sodium sulfinates.

An Engineered PfAgo with Wide Catalytic Temperature Range and Substrate Spectrum.

PfAgo, a thermophilic Argonaute nuclease from Pyrococcus furiosus, is widely used in various fields due to its high DNA-guided DNA cleavage activity. However, its high-temperature-dependent cleavage activity largely restricts its applications in moderate-temperature scenarios. In this study, PfAgo is engineered for cold adaptation based on its ternary complex structure and the attributes of cold-adapted enzymes, yielding a series of variants with better performance at moderate temperatures.

Associations between serum uric acid and depression in U.S. adults: An analysis of the national health and nutrition examination survey 2007-2016.

Limited research has specifically explored the gender-specific differences in relation to serum uric acid and depression. Therefore, the research aims to bridge that gap by exploring the relationships between serum uric acid and depression, stratified by gender, in U.S.

Eco-friendly coating engineered with antimicrobial lipopeptides maintains freshness and induces genes expression in anthocyanin biosynthesis of blueberry.

Blueberries with high anthocyanin content undergo various postharvest qualitative losses. In this work, eco-friendly coatings were developed for maintaining postharvest blueberry quality using lipopeptides (LPs), gelatin, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The addition of LPs decreased the surface tension of coating film and thus exhibited lower water contact angle (95.

Evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 variants under strict non-pharmaceutical interventions - a population-based study.

Introduction: China implemented a dynamic zero-COVID strategy to curb viral transmission in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This strategy was designed to inhibit mutation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for COVID-19. This study explores the dynamics of viral evolution under stringent non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) through real-world observations.

Enhanced mRNA delivery via incorporating hydrophobic amines into lipid nanoparticles.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown promising performance in mRNA delivery. Nevertheless, a thorough understanding of the relationship between mRNA delivery efficacy and the structure of LNPs remains imperative. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of additional hydrophobic amines on the physicochemical properties of mRNA LNPs and their delivery efficacy.

Manganese Peroxidase Participates in the Liquid-Solid-Gas Triphase Regulation on Microbial Degradation of Lignocellulose in Solid-State Fermentation.

The three-phase structure of solid-state fermentation (SSF) directly affects substrate degradation and fermentation efficiency. However, the mechanism of three-phase regulation on lignocellulose utilization and microbial metabolism is still unclear. Based on comparative transcriptome analysis, a lignocellulose degrading enzyme, manganese peroxidase (GlMnP), which was significantly affected by water stress meanwhile related to triphase utilization, was screened to reveal the mechanism using Ganoderma lucidum as the reference strain.

Research Progress on the Biological Activity of Ganoderic Acids in over the Last Five Years.

() is a traditional edible and medicinal mushroom in China. The main bioactive components in include triterpenoids, polysaccharides, steroids, and sterols. Ganoderic acids (GAs) are one of the most abundant triterpenoids found in , garnering significant attention from researchers in the fields of medicine and health care.

5-hydroxytryptamine 2C/1A receptors modulate the biphasic dose response of the head twitch response and locomotor activity induced by DOM in mice.

Rationale: The phenylalkylamine hallucinogen (-)-2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) exhibits an inverted U-shaped dose-response curve for both head twitch response (HTR) and locomotor activity in mice. Accumulated studies suggest that HTR and locomotor hyperactivity induced by DOM are mainly caused by the activation of serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine 2 A receptor (5-HT receptor). However, the mechanisms underlying the biphasic dose response of HTR and locomotor activity induced by DOM, particularly at high doses, remain unclear.

Preamplification-free ultra-fast and ultra-sensitive point-of-care testing via LwaCas13a.

CRISPR based nucleic acid detection technology provides a deployable approach to point of care testing. While, there remain challenges limiting its practical applications, such as the need for pre-amplification and the long turnaround time. Here, we present a self-cascade signal amplification method with LwaCas13a and an artificially designed "U" rich RNA of stem-loop structure (URH) for pre-amplification-free ultra-fast and ultra-sensitive point-of-care testing (PASSPORT).

Construction of Phosphorothiolated 2-Pyrrolidinones via Photoredox/Copper-Catalyzed Cascade Radical Cyclization/Phosphorothiolation.

A photoredox/copper-catalyzed cascade radical cyclization/phosphorothiolation reaction of -allylbromoacetamides and P(O)SH compounds has been established. A broad range of novel nonfluorine- or difluoro-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones bearing the C(sp)-SP(O)(OR) moiety can be conveniently constructed in moderate to good yields under mild conditions. Importantly, most of the tested phosphorothiolated 2-pyrrolidinones showed potent inhibitory effects toward both AChE and BChE.

Molecular mechanism for target recognition, dimerization, and activation of Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute.

The Argonaute nuclease from the thermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus (PfAgo) contributes to host defense and represents a promising biotechnology tool. Here, we report the structure of a PfAgo-guide DNA-target DNA ternary complex at the cleavage-compatible state. The ternary complex is predominantly dimerized, and the dimerization is solely mediated by PfAgo at PIWI-MID, PIWI-PIWI, and PAZ-N interfaces.

A Density-Based Multilevel Terrain-Adaptive Noise Removal Method for ICESat-2 Photon-Counting Data.

The photon point clouds collected by the high-sensitivity single-photon detector on the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) are utilized in various applications. However, the discretely distributed noise among the signal photons greatly increases the difficulty of signal extraction, especially the edge noise adjacent to signals. To detect signal photons from vegetation coverage areas at different slopes, this paper proposes a density-based multilevel terrain-adaptive noise removal method (MTANR) that identifies noise in a coarse-to-fine strategy based on the distribution of noise photons and is evaluated with high-precision airborne LiDAR data.

Branched hydrophobic tails in lipid nanoparticles enhance mRNA delivery for cancer immunotherapy.

Efficient and safe delivery of vulnerable mRNA is a long-standing challenge for the broad application of the emerging mRNA-based therapeutics. Herein, a combinatorial library containing 119 novel lipids was constructed via sequential aza-Michael addition reactions of arylates and varying amines to tackle the ongoing challenge in mRNA delivery. Through in vitro screening of the lipid library on IGROV 1 cells, we identified several synthetic lipids with superior mRNA delivery efficacy.

Metal-organic framework-mediated construction of confined ultrafine nickel phosphide immobilized in reduced graphene oxide with excellent cycle stability for asymmetric supercapacitors.

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) with unique metalloid features have been promised great application potential in developing high-efficiency electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage. Nevertheless, sluggish ion transportation and poor cycling stability are the critical hurdles limiting their application prospects. Herein, we presented the metal-organic framework-mediated construction of ultrafine NiP immobilized in reduced graphene oxide (rGO).

Red mud-derived iron carbon catalyst for the removal of organic pollutants in wastewater.

In order to reduce the environmental hazards of red mud (RM) and realize its resource utilization, in this study, RM-based iron-carbon micro-electrolysis material (RM-MEM) were prepared by a carbothermal reduction process using RM as raw material. The influence of the preparation conditions on the phase transformation and structural characteristics of the RM-MEM were investigated during the reduction process. The ability of RM-MEM to remove organic pollutants from wastewater was evaluated.

A bacterial Argonaute from Tepiditoga spiralis with the ability of RNA guided plasmid cleavage.

The eukaryotic Argonaute proteins (eAgos) play an important role in the RNA interference pathway. The function and mechanism of prokaryotic Argonaute proteins (pAgos) in vivo are still unclear although the structure of pAgos and eAgos are highly homologous. Most of the reported pAgos have a preference for 5'P-gDNA, but MpAgo originated from bacteria Marinitoga piezophila preferentially uses 5'OH-gRNA to target DNA and RNA.

A bacterial Argonaute with efficient DNA and RNA cleavage activity guided by small DNA and RNA.

Argonaute proteins are widespread in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with diversified catalytic activities. Here, we describe an Argonaute from Marinitoga hydrogenitolerans (MhAgo) with all eight cleavage activities. Utilization of all four types of guides and efficient cleavage of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and RNA targets are revealed.

Improved paclitaxel delivery with PEG-b-PLA/zein nanoparticles prepared via flash nanoprecipitation.

Polymeric micelle is a promising vehicle to improve the bioavailability and clinical outcomes of paclitaxel (PTX) which has been proven effective in the treatment of a wide range of cancers. However, conventional PTX formulation with the amphiphilic PEG-b-PLA usually suffers from insufficient PTX loading, low stability of PTX-micelles, and rapid PTX release due to low compatibility between PTX and PLA, limiting its clinical application. In this study, a novel nanoparticle platform was developed to improve the stability of PTX-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) and the delivery efficacy of PTX by integrating the flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) technique and a combination of amphiphilic PEG-PLA and super hydrophobic zein.

GO/iron series systems enhancing the pH shock resistance of anaerobic systems for sulfate-containing organic wastewater treatment.

In this study, the effect of pH shock during the treatment of sulfate-containing organic wastewater was investigated using an anaerobic fermentation system reinforced with graphene oxide (GO)/iron series systems. The results show that the anaerobic system with the GO/iron series systems exhibited enhanced resistance to pH shock. Among them, the GO/Fe system had the strongest resistance to pH shock, the systems of GO/FeO and GO/FeO followed close behind, while the blank system performed the worst.

A programmable pAgo nuclease with RNA target preference from the psychrotolerant bacterium Mucilaginibacter paludis.

Argonaute (Ago) proteins are programmable nucleases found in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Prokaryotic Agos (pAgos) share a high degree of structural homology with eukaryotic Agos (eAgos), and eAgos originate from pAgos. Although eAgos exclusively cleave RNA targets, most characterized pAgos cleave DNA targets.