SADS-CoV nsp5 Inhibits Interferon Production by Targeting Kinase IKKε.

Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), initially identified in China in February 2017, severely impacts the swine industry by causing lethal watery diarrhea in neonatal piglets. Understanding the molecular mechanism employed by SADS-CoV to evade the host's immune defenses is of utmost importance. In this study, using the porcine ileum epithelial cell line IPI-FX as an in vitro model, we investigated the highly pathogenic SADS-CoV GDS04 strain and its nonstructural protein 5 (nsp5) for their roles in inhibiting interferon-beta (IFN-β) production.

p53 enhances elesclomol-Cu-induced cuproptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma via FDXR-mediated FDX1 upregulation.

Background: Cuproptosis, a novel cell death pathway mediated by ferredoxin 1 (FDX1) and protein lipoylation, has emerged as a valuable target in cancer therapy. Although the findings of previous research have indicated a potential correlation between p53 and cuproptosis, the precise role and underlying mechanisms of p53 in cuproptosis, particularly within the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), remain unclear.

Methods: To evaluate cuproptosis, three HCC cell lines (HepG2, PLC/PRF/5, and Hep3B2.

A three-dimensional micropillar electrode array-based microfluidic sensor for sensitive and stable voltammetric detection of phosphate.

In this study, a sensor based on a three-dimensional gold micropillar array of working electrodes was designed and fabricated using microfluidic chip technology and electrochemical methods. The geometrical parameters of the micropillar working electrode array were optimized through simulation analysis to enhance the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction. The main results showed that the developed sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of -0.

Theoretical and experimental study on traveling wave propagation characteristics of artificial basilar membrane.

The traveling wave phenomenon in the artificial basilar membrane (ABM) plays a crucial role in the frequency selectivity and electromechanical signal generation of cochlear implants. Continuous measurement of traveling wave propagation remains challenging due to its rapid spatial displacement variation and the requirement for biomimetic conditions in liquid environments. To address this, we developed a laser Doppler optical scanning system with high spatiotemporal resolution, combined with a fixation device replicating cochlear boundary constraints, and successfully captured the traveling wave propagation process.

High-Sensitivity Flow Detection of Multiple Metal Ions Using a Smartphone-Based Electrochemical System with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs)/Carbon Black (CB)-Modified ITO Electrode.

This paper proposes a smartphone-based electrochemical detection instrument, combined with a microfluidic device using Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology integrating a thin-layer flow cell and a modified ITO electrode to successfully construct a portable multiple metal ions detection system. This effectively addresses the issues of poor portability, complex operation, and strong reliance on the laboratory environment of traditional detection equipment. The electrochemical detection instrument realizes the highly sensitive detection of metal ions through the integrated hardware circuit design and the collaborative work of software algorithms.

Multi-modal classification of retinal disease based on convolutional neural network.

Retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy will lead to irreversible blindness without timely diagnosis and treatment. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images provide complementary views of the retina, and the integration of the two imaging modalities can improve the accuracy of retinal disease classification. We propose a multi-modal classification model consisting of two branches to automatically diagnose retinal diseases, in which OCT and OCTA images are efficiently integrated to improve both the accuracy and efficiency of disease diagnosis.

Microfluidic-based wound healing assays for investigating the effects of matrix viscoelasticity on tumor cell migration.

Tumor cell migration plays a significant role in the processes of local invasion and distant metastasis, closely related to the high mortality rate of malignancies. The mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix can regulate tumor cell behaviors. However, classical methods for studying cell migration mostly use stiffer (≥MPa level) materials to mimic the physical microenvironments, neglecting the viscoelasticity of soft physiological tissues containing a dynamic interstitial fluid microenvironment.

Upregulation of miR-17-3p is associated with HbF in patients with β-thalassemia and induces γ-globin expression by targeting BCL11A.

Background: Large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to be dysregulated in β-thalassemia, but their roles in β-thalassemia are poorly reported. This study aims to investigate the clinical significance of miR-17-3p in β-thalassemia, and to elucidate its regulatory effect on erythropoiesis and γ-globin expression.

Methods: We collected peripheral blood samples from 17 patients with β-thalassemia (including intermedia and major subtypes) and 17 healthy controls, and the expression levels of miR-17-3p, BCL11 transcription factor A (BCL11A) and γ-globin were detected by qRT-PCR, and their correlations were analyzed.

Accumulation of GSK-3β in Interneurons Impairs Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis by Inhibiting GABAergic Transmission.

The activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and the deterioration of spatial memory represent prominent pathological and clinical manifestations of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nevertheless, the precise intrinsic mechanisms linking these pathological features remain poorly elucidated. In this study, we identified significant upregulation of GSK-3β activity in inhibitory interneurons within the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of 3×Tg-AD mice.

Identification and validation of immune-related and inflammation-related genes in endometriosis.

Aim: Endometriosis is characterized by immune evasion and progressive inflammation. This study aimed to identify key genes related to immune and inflammation in endometriosis.

Methods: Differentially expressed genes between patients with and without endometriosis were identified from the GEO database.

A developed method of quantitative phase analysis (QPA) to solve the effect of preferred orientation in phosphate materials.

Quantitative phase analysis (QPA) by X-ray diffraction is widely used in materials, minerals, metallurgy, etc. But when preferred orientation exists in samples, QPA by single peaks in diffraction patterns will be seriously affected and becomes less exact, for example, for phosphate materials. As an alternative, whole pattern methods (especially the Rietveld method) can be utilized positively and the effect of preferred orientation can be solved mathematically.

Near-Infrared Imaging Agent ABSi-148 Alleviates CA IX-Mediated Hypoxic Fibrosis in Inflammation-Cancer Transition.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a formidable challenge due to its late diagnosis and intrinsic treatment resistance, exacerbates by its development from chronic inflammation to cancer transition (ICT). Here, this investigation aims to develop and evaluate ABSi-148, a novel near-infrared (NIR) agent targeting hypoxic carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), for its potential applications in ICT imaging and even PDAC treatment. ABSi-148 is synthesized from 4-(2-Aminoethyl) benzene sulfonamide (ABS), a sulfonamide derivative, conjugating with MHI-148 dye with merits of exceptional NIR-emitting traits, high biocompatibility, and deep tissue penetration imaging capability.

The inhibitory effect of Hypericum japonicum on H9N2 avian influenza virus.

The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) causes severe immunosuppression and high mortality in view of its frequent co-infection with other pathogens, resulting in significant economic losses in the poultry industry. Current vaccines provide suboptimal immune protection against H9N2 AIV owing to antigenic variations, highlighting the urgent need for safe and effective antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of this virus. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of Hypericum japonicum extract on H9N2 AIV.

The role of miR-129-5p in regulating γ-globin expression and erythropoiesis in β-thalassemia.

The regulation of γ-globin expression is crucial due to its beneficial effects on diseases like β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 11A (BCL11A) is a significant suppressor of γ-globin, and microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting BCL11A have been shown to alleviate this suppression. In our previous high-throughput sequencing, we identified an 11.

Arctiin Alleviates Atopic Dermatitis Against Inflammation and Pyroptosis Through Suppressing TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD Signaling Pathways.

Purpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent skin condition worldwide. The immune response plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. Arctiin (ARC), a natural lignan, has been extensively investigated because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer properties.

The Short- and Long-Term Perceptual Learning of Clinical Dynamic Visual Acuity Test.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the short- and long-term learning effect of dynamic visual acuity (DVA) tests.

Methods: Participants between 18 and 30 years with corrected to normal visual acuity were enrolled in this study. Three repeated sessions were performed, with 15 minutes and 15 days' intervals between sessions.

Letrozole-Based Near-Infrared Dynamic Imaging Targeting Ductal-Vascular RhoJ From Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia to Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) relies heavily on neoangiogenesis for its progression, making early detection crucial. Here, LTZi-MHI148 (Letrozole inhibitor bonding with MHI-148 dye), a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent agent is developed, to target RhoJ (Ras Homolog Family Member J), a protein expressed in neonatal vasculature, for both imaging and therapy of early PDAC. This agent is synthesized by conjugating Letrozole with MHI-148, exhibiting excellent NIR characteristics and photostability.

Feruloyl-CoA 6'-hydroxylase-mediated scopoletin accumulation enhances cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae.

Verticillium dahliae is a widespread and destructive soilborne fungus that can cause vascular wilt disease and substantially reduce cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) yield and quality. Scopoletin, a natural coumarin, exhibits antifungal activity against V. dahliae; however, the mechanisms of action remain unclear.

Global Trends on β-Thalassemia Research Over 10 Years: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Purpose: Thalassemia, an inherited quantitative globin disorder, is the most prevalent monogenic disease globally. While severe alpha thalassemia results in intrauterine death, β-thalassemia manifests during childhood due to the "second conversion of hemoglobin", garnering increased attention in recent decades.

Methods: In this study, a bibliometric analysis was conducted of thalassemia articles published in the Web of Science Core Collection database between 2013 and 2023 to establish a comprehensive overview and to identify emerging trends.

Microfluidic Device with an Oxygen Gradient Generator for Investigating Effects of Specific Hypoxia Conditions on Responses of Tumor Cells.

The oxygen level in the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a critical role in regulating cell fates such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and so forth. To better elucidate how hypoxia affects tumor cell behaviors, a series of microfluidic strategies have been utilized to generate an oxygen gradient covering both hypoxia and normoxia conditions. However, in most studies, some chemicals are introduced into microfluidic chips, causing the potential of their poor biocompatibility.

Design of Inhibitors Targeting Chitin-Degrading Enzymes by Bioisostere Substitutions and Scaffold Hopping for Selective Control of .

Chitin-degrading enzymes are critical components in regulating the molting process of the Asian corn borer and serve as potential targets for controlling this destructive pest of maize. Here, we used a scaffold-hopping strategy to design a series of efficient naphthylimide insecticides. Among them, compound exhibited potent inhibition of chitinase from Chi-h and ChtI at low nanomolar concentrations (IC = 1.