A comprehensive review of diagnostic approaches for hepatitis D.

Current estimates suggest 9 million to 19 million people worldwide are affected by Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection, though significant discrepancies in diagnostic guideline implementation across regions and countries indicate these figures may not fully capture the true disease burden. HDV coinfection and superinfection with hepatitis B hasten disease progression, increasing cirrhosis and liver cancer risks, highlighting the importance of early and precise diagnosis. We present a thorough analysis of current and emerging hepatitis D diagnostic methods.

Novel Role for the Immunoproteasome Subunit PSMB10 in Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrillation in Mice.

Angiotensin II (Ang II) and inflammation are associated with pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the underlying molecular mechanisms of these events remain unknown. The immunoproteasome has emerged as a critical regulator of inflammatory responses. Here, we investigated its role in Ang II-induced AF in immunosubunit PSMB10 (also known as β2i or LMP10) knockout (KO) mice.

The immunoproteasome subunit LMP10 mediates angiotensin II-induced retinopathy in mice.

Inflammation has been implicated in a variety of retinal diseases. The immunoproteasome plays a critical role in controlling inflammatory responses, but whether activation of immunoproteasome contributes to angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced retinopathy remains unclear. Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) was induced by infusion of Ang II (3000 ng/kg/min) in wild-type (WT) and immunoproteasome subunit LMP10 knockout (KO) mice for 3 weeks.