Resolving the Capacity-Stability-Cost Trilemma in Multi-Principal-Element Hydrogen Storage Alloys Through Multi-Objective Optimization.

Overcoming the capacity-stability-cost trilemma in hydrogen storage materials represents a fundamental Pareto-type challenge for practical metal hydride applications. Current research efforts remain fragmented, typically pursuing single-parameter optimization while lacking holistic approaches that concurrently satisfy all three criteria. Here, a novel design paradigm is proposed by orchestrating A/B-side multi-principal-element alloys (MPEAs) in C14 Laves phases, enabling concurrent optimization of interstitial hydrogen storage environments and thermodynamics.

Circular Shear Printing of Spiral-Oriented CF-PP Components for Enhanced Mechanical Performance and Warp Mitigation.

Extrusion-based printers have attracted much attention for their simplified printing process and broader material compatibility. Carbon fibers (CF), known for their excellent mechanical properties, are incorporated into polypropylene (PP) printing materials. This study presents a shear screw printer (SSP) with a modified screw design.

Nonreciprocal chirality conversion in spatiotemporal evolutions of nematic colloidal entanglement.

In soft matter systems, there is a wealth of topological phenomena, such as singular disclination lines and nonsingular defects of skyrmions and hopfions. In a liquid crystal (LC), the topological nature of disclination lines and colloids induces chiral colloidal entanglements. How the chirality of the entanglements is deterministically created and how the chirality conversion is actuated in the disclinations with Möbius strip topology have never been explored.

The Effect of Low-Temperature Short-Term Annealing on the Microstructure and Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Pure Titanium.

Industrial pure titanium was processed through 1-4 passes by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP), and the processed samples were subsequently short-term annealed for 15 min at 300 °C, to achieve better mechanical properties for industrial applications. The microstructure was analyzed using TEM, EBSD, and XRD observations. The mechanical properties were studied through tensile testing.

Light-driven dancing of nematic colloids in fractional skyrmions and bimerons.

Materials with full and fractional skyrmions are important for fundamental studies and can be applied as information carriers for applications in spintronics or skyrmionics. However, creation, direct optical observation and manipulation of different skyrmion textures remain challenging. Besides, how the transformation of skyrmion textures directs the dynamics of colloids is not well understood.

ERG mediates the differentiation of hepatic progenitor cells towards immunosuppressive PDGFRα cancer-associated fibroblasts during hepatocarcinogenesis.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play important roles in the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and are a key component of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, the origin of CAFs has not been fully elucidated. We employed single-cell sequencing technology to identify the dynamic changes in different subsets of fibroblasts at different time points in rat primary HCC model.

Generation of transgenic chicken through ovarian injection.

Background: Traditional DNA microinjection methods used in mammals are difficult to apply to avian species due to their unique reproductive characteristics. Genetic manipulation in chickens, particularly involving immature follicles within living ovaries, has not been extensively explored. This study seeks to establish an efficient method for generating transgenic chickens through ovarian injection, potentially bypassing the challenges associated with primordial germ cell (PGC) manipulation and fertilized egg microinjection.

Machine Learning in Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Materials: Challenges and Perspectives.

Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a pioneering tool in advancing the research application of high-performance solid-state hydrogen storage materials (HSMs). This review summarizes the state-of-the-art research of ML in resolving crucial issues such as low hydrogen storage capacity and unfavorable de-/hydrogenation cycling conditions. First, the datasets, feature descriptors, and prevalent ML models tailored for HSMs are described.

Identification of Cables1 as a critical host factor that promotes ALV-J replication via genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 gene knockout screening.

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J), a member of the genus Alpharetrovirus, possesses a small genome and exploits a vast array of host factors during its replication cycle. To identify host factors required for ALV-J replication and potentially guide the development of key therapeutic targets for ALV-J prevention, we employed a chicken genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout library to screen host factors involved in ALV-J infection within DF-1 cells. This screening revealed 42 host factors critical for ALV-J infection.

Precision control and parameter optimization in screw extrusion 3D printing of polypropylene materials.

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), a widely-utilized additive manufacturing (AM) technology, has found significant favor among automotive manufacturers. Polypropylene (PP) compound is extensively employed in the production of automotive parts due to its superior mechanical properties and formability. However, aiming at the problem of poor dimensional accuracy of pure PP parts, the quality of products can be enhanced by optimizing the combination of processing parameters.

Glutamine synthetase and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is an enzyme that converts ammonia and glutamate to glutamine using adenosine triphosphate. GS is expressed in the brain, kidney, and liver tissues under normal physiological conditions. GS is involved in abnormal lipid metabolism of the liver by catalyzing de novo synthesis of glutamine, thereby inducing liver inflammation.

Influence of surgical margin width on survival rate after resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Hepatectomy is the best treatment for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) at present, but there has been controversy about the width of surgical margins. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of different surgical margin widths on the prognosis of patients with ICC undergoing hepatectomy.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

TWEAK Signaling-Induced ID1 Expression Drives Malignant Transformation of Hepatic Progenitor Cells During Hepatocarcinogenesis.

The malignant transformation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) in the inflammatory microenvironment is the root cause of hepatocarcinogenesis. However, the potential molecular mechanisms are still elusive. The HPCs subgroup is identified by single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing and the phenotype of HPCs is investigated in the primary HCC model.

Collective transport and reconfigurable assembly of nematic colloids by light-driven cooperative molecular reorientations.

Nanomotors in nature have inspired scientists to design synthetic molecular motors to drive the motion of microscale objects by cooperative action. Light-driven molecular motors have been synthesized, but using their cooperative reorganization to control the collective transport of colloids and to realize the reconfiguration of colloidal assembly remains a challenge. In this work, topological vortices are imprinted in the monolayers of azobenzene molecules which further interface with nematic liquid crystals (LCs).

Self-compassion buffers the impact of learned helplessness on adverse mental health during COVID-19 lockdown.

Background: Learned helplessness may be the underlying cause of poor mental health status among college students during the COVID-19 lockdown, and self-compassion as a positive psychological quality may influence the link between learned helplessness and mental health.

Methods: A sample of 869 Chinese college students (443 male and 426 female), with a mean age of 20.03 (SD = 1.

Shape Morphing by Topological Patterns and Profiles in Laser-Cut Liquid Crystal Elastomer Kirigami.

Programming shape changes in soft materials requires precise control of the directionality and magnitude of their mechanical response. Among ordered soft materials, liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) exhibit remarkable and programmable shape shifting when their molecular order changes. In this work, we synthesized, remotely programmed, and modeled reversible and complex morphing in monolithic LCE kirigami encoded with predesigned topological patterns in its microstructure.

Targeted blocking of CCR2 and CXCR2 improves the efficacy of transarterial chemoembolization of hepatocarcinoma.

Background: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) has been shown to prolong survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, the long-term survival remains dismal. Targeting macrophage and neutrophil infiltration is a promising strategy. The CCL2/CCR2 and CXCLs/CXCR2 axes are required for recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils, respectively, in HCC.

AIF1 + CSF1R + MSCs, induced by TNF-α, act to generate an inflammatory microenvironment and promote hepatocarcinogenesis.

Background And Aims: Increasing evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) home to injured local tissues and the tumor microenvironment in the liver. Chronic inflammation is regarded as the major trait of primary liver cancer. However, the characteristics of endogenous MSCs in the inflammatory environment and their role in the occurrence of liver cancer remain obscure.

Ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of biliary atresia in pediatric surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test.

Background: Biliary atresia (BA) is one of the most fatal hepatobiliary diseases in infants and young children, and is easy to cause obstructive jaundice in infants and children, and liver transplantation in children. BA and infantile hepatitis syndrome are the main causes of cholestatic jaundice. The early clinical manifestations are extremely similar, and timely identification is difficult.

Active transformations of topological structures in light-driven nematic disclination networks.

SignificanceTopological defects are marvels of nature. Understanding their structures is important for their applications in, for example, directed self-assembly, sensing, and photonic devices. There is recent interest in active motion and transformation of topological defects in active nematics.