Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Reveals Granzyme K CD8 T Cells as a Target for Mitigating Plaque Instability Following Radiation.

Background: Cardiac issues following radiotherapy are increasingly prevalent among patients with thoracic cancer and coronary disease. However, the mechanisms underlying radiotherapy-induced plaque instability and changes in plaque characteristics on imaging remain unclear. This study used single-cell RNA sequencing to identify key features of vulnerable plaques following radiotherapy.

HADHB mediates 5-fluorouracil sensitivity in colorectal cancer.

Purpose: 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) is a primary chemotherapy for colorectal cancer (CRC), but resistance reduces its effectiveness. HADHB, important in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, is linked to tumor metabolism changes in various cancers. Its potential influence on 5FU sensitivity in CRC remains unclear.

Molecular Mechanisms of Phytochemicals from Chaga Mushroom () Against Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, and Bioinformatics.

This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals from Chaga mushroom () against colorectal cancer (CRC) using a combination of network pharmacology, molecular docking, and bioinformatics. Active components and targets of Chaga mushroom and CRC were collected from databases. A drug-compound-target-disease network was constructed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis was performed to identify core targets.

Synergistic integration of light signal, hormone dynamics, and carbohydrate metabolism orchestrates rhizome bud development in Arundo donax.

The rhizome bud development is governed by light signal, hormonal dynamics, carbohydrate metabolism, and cell cycle regulation in Arundo donax. Rhizomatous plants reproduce asexually through transplantation of rhizome segments bearing buds, which develop into new individuals. However, the regulatory mechanism governing rhizome bud differentiation and development is still unknown.

Establishment of human gastrulating stem cells with the capacity of stable differentiation into multiple gastrulating cell types.

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been derived from various species, but most culture systems stabilize only a single PSC type. By contrast, epiblast cells in vivo exist along a continuum and interact dynamically with both embryonic and extraembryonic cells, interactions missing in standard PSC cultures. This absence limits the self-organizing potential of PSCs and leads to disorganized tissue formation in teratomas.

Melatonin improves growth and slaughter performance of broilers by regulating satellite cell proliferation via RORα nuclear receptor.

To investigate the molecular mechanisms of melatonin on the growth and slaughter performance of broilers, 144 newly hatched male broilers were randomly assigned to dietary melatonin (0, 5, 20, or 80 mg/kg) for 42 days. Chicken skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) were treated with melatonin (0.5-312.

The Chromatin Remodeling Factor BrCHR39 Positively Regulates Apical Dominance By Auxin Signaling in Brassica rapa.

Chromatin remodeling complexes like the SHPRH subfamily (containing SNF2, histone linker, PHD, RING, and helicase domains) control gene expression via ATPase and nucleosome-E3 ubiquitin ligase activities. The members of SHPRH have been shown to play substantial roles in DNA repair in mammals, while their functions remain largely unknown in plants. In this study, we further investigated a SHPRH member designated as BrCHR39 in Brassica rapa, building on earlier experimental evidence from our laboratory that highlighted its functional significance.

Stem Cell Therapy and Models for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Insights and Research.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are complex neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by impaired social communication, repetitive behavior patterns, and atypical sensory perception. The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network reports that approximately 1 in 36 children are diagnosed with ASD, highlighting the increasing prevalence and the pressing need for innovative treatment approaches. Medications commonly used in ASD primarily aim to manage associated symptoms, as there are currently no FDA-approved medications specifically for treating ASD core symptoms.

Ferroptosis: A novel therapeutic target for diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Ferroptosis is a new type of programmed cell death caused by the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, and it plays a role in the occurrence and progression of diverse diseases. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a serious cardiovascular complication in patients with diabetes, eventually progresses to refractory heart failure (HF), which increases the risk of hospitalization for HF and cardiovascular death in patients with diabetes. Despite glycemic control, effective strategies to prevent DCM onset are currently lacking.

Treatment effects of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells for skin lesions and metastatic pulmonary calcification in calciphylaxis patients - case series and literature review.

Background: Calciphylaxis, also termed calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA) in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), is a rare and fatal condition characterized by cutaneous ischemic necrosis.

Methods: Three patients with calciphylaxis and metastatic pulmonary calcification (MPC) were treated with human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs). Effects were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), modified Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool for CUA (BWAT-CUA), wound quality of life questionnaire (Wound-QoL), and histological analysis.

Comparison of Pregnancy Outcomes and Vaginal Microbiota in Endometriosis Patients Undergoing Frozen Embryo Transfer Using Letrozole Combined HMG Versus Hormone Replacement Therapy with GnRH-a Pretreatment.

This study investigated differences in reproductive outcomes and vaginal microbiota profiles between two endometrial preparation protocols-letrozole (LE) combined with human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with GnRH-a pretreatment-in women with endometriosis (EMs) undergoing frozen embryo transfer (FET). Following 1∶1 propensity score matching, a total of 770 FET cycles were analyzed. No statistically significant differences were observed in live birth rates or clinical pregnancy rates between the two groups.

The nature of complex structural variations in tomatoes.

Structural variations (SVs) in repetitive sequences could only be detected within a broad region due to imprecise breakpoints, leading to classification errors and inaccurate trait analysis. Through manual inspection at 4532 variant regions identified by integrating 14 detection pipelines between two tomato genomes, we generated an SV benchmark at base-pair resolution. Evaluation of all pipelines yielded F1-scores below 53.

Inactivation of microglial LXRβ in early postnatal mice impairs microglia homeostasis and causes long-lasting cognitive dysfunction.

Microglia, the largest population of brain immune cells, play an essential role in regulating neuroinflammation by removing foreign materials and debris and in cognition by pruning synapses. Since liver X receptor β (LXRβ) has been identified as a regulator of microglial homeostasis, this study examined whether its removal from microglia affects neuroinflammation and cognitive function. We used a cell-specific tamoxifen-inducible Cre-loxP-mediated recombination to remove LXRβ from microglia specifically.

Trans-ethnic GWAS meta-analysis of idiopathic spermatogenic failure highlights the immune-mediated nature of Sertoli cell-only syndrome.

Non-obstructive azoospermia, a severe form of male infertility caused by spermatogenic failure (SPGF), has a largely unknown genetic basis across ancestries. To our knowledge, this is the first trans-ethnic meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies on SPGF, involving 2255 men with idiopathic SPGF and 3608 controls from European and Asian populations. Using logistic regression and inverse variance methods, we identify two significant genetic associations with Sertoli cell-only (SCO) syndrome, the most extreme SPGF phenotype.

Roles of circRNAs in viral pathogenesis.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with a covalently closed circular structure, lacking 5'-caps or 3'-poly(A) tails. They are relatively conserved, highly stable, and often exhibit tissue- or cell-specific production in eukaryotic cells. Based on the advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics, multiple reports have suggested that viruses and other microorganisms may encode circRNA-like molecules, providing new insights into the physiological and pathological roles of circRNAs.

Spatial control of mA deposition on enhancer and promoter RNAs through co-acetylation of METTL3 and H3K27 on chromatin.

Interaction between the N-methyladenosine (mA) methyltransferase METTL3 and METTL14 is critical for METTL3 to deposit mA on various types of RNAs. It remains to be uncovered whether there is spatial control of mA deposition on different types of RNAs. Here, through genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screening in the A549 cell line, we find that H3K27ac acetylase p300-mediated METTL3 acetylation suppresses the binding of METTL3 on H3K27ac-marked chromatin by inhibiting its interaction with METTL14.

Calciphylaxis: ongoing challenges and treatment opportunities with mesenchymal stem cells.

Calciphylaxis is a rare, progressive disorder characterized by subcutaneous adipose and dermal microvascular calcifications, microthrombi, and endothelial damage. It mainly affects patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is also known as calcific uremic arteriolopathy. Skin biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is an invasive procedure.

A Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation Method for Sim2Real Object Detection in Autonomous Mining Trucks.

In open-pit mining, autonomous trucks are essential for enhancing both safety and productivity. Object detection technology is critical to their smooth and secure operation, but training these models requires large amounts of high-quality annotated data representing various conditions. It is expensive and time-consuming to collect these data during open-pit mining due to the harsh environmental conditions.

Ultrasound-activated nano-oxygen sensitizer for sonodynamic-radiotherapy of esophageal cancer.

: owing to the intricate nature, variability, and persistent oxygen-deficient environment associated with esophageal cancer (EC) tissues, radiotherapy (RT) sometimes doesn't work as well because some cancer cells can resist the radiation to a certain extent. This can lead to the cancer coming back in the same spot or even making the treatment ineffective. The integration of RT with oxygenation strategies is a common approach in cancer treatment.

Immune Dysregulation and Endometrial Receptivity Impairment in Women with Repeated Implantation Failure and Dyslipidemia.

Context: Dyslipidemia adversely affects reproduction outcomes; however, its relation with repeated implantation failure (RIF) remains unclear.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the impact of dyslipidemia on assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes, endometrial transcriptome, and microbiome of RIF women.

Design: A retrospective real-world analysis and a prospective study.

Colony-stimulating factor 3 and its receptor promote leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 expression and ligands in gastric cancer.

Background: Colony-stimulating factor 3 (CSF3) and its receptor (CSF3R) are known to promote gastric cancer (GC) growth and metastasis. However, their effects on the immune microenvironment remain unclear. Our analysis indicated a potential link between CSF3R expression and the immunosuppressive receptor leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B2 (LILRB2) in GC.

Circulating microbiome DNA features and its effect on predicting clinicopathological characteristics of patients with colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a complex tumor microenvironment influenced by genetic and microbial factors. Microbial DNA from the gut and tumor microenvironment can translocate into the bloodstream, forming a circulating microbiome associated with prognosis and clinicopathological features. This study investigates the peripheral venous blood microbiome in CRC patients using 2bRAD-M sequencing and evaluates its clinical significance.

Preparation of high-strength ceramsite from coal gangue, fly ash, and steel slag.

Coal gangue (CG) and fly ash (FA) are generated in large quantities worldwide. In this study, high-strength and lightweight aggregate ceramsites were prepared from CG, FA, and steel slag (SS) without any additional chemical additives through high-temperature sintering. The study aimed at determine the sintering mechanism and optimal production process by evaluating the performance of ceramsites produced under various conditions.

Single-molecule mA detection empowered by endogenous labeling unveils complexities across RNA isoforms.

The landscape of N-methyadenosine (mA) on different RNA isoforms is still incompletely understood. Here, in HEK293T cells, we endogenously label the methylated mA sites on single Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) direct RNA sequencing (DRS) reads by APOBEC1-YTH-induced C-to-U mutations 10-100 nt away, obtaining 1,020,237 5-mer single-read mA signals. We then trained m6Aiso, a deep residual neural network model that accurately identifies and quantifies mA at single-read resolution.

Synthesis of SnO₂/COF Green Nanomaterials for Effective Pesticide Decomposition and Promoting Tomato Plants Growth.

In last few decades, the agriculture sector is facing various type of crops diseases originated by crop pests. Among various crops the tomato plant is greatly affected by many pests such as aphids and whiteflies, which are badly decreasing tomato plant yield and effecting its growth. In last few years, various type of pesticides such as Neonicotinoids and Pyrethroids are employed which are badly effecting eco-system and water bodies.