Sweroside ameliorates intestinal mucosal microcirculatory disturbances in ulcerative colitis mice by modulating the VEGF and Hippo signaling pathways.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease closely linked to intestinal mucosal microcirculatory dysfunction. Sweroside (SOS), a natural iridoid glycoside derived from plants such as Swertia mussotii, Swertia pseudochinensis, and Lonicera japonica, exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. Yet, its therapeutic potential and mechanisms in UC remain unexplored.

Brain Endothelial Soluble ST2 Production and Cerebral Edema in a Rat Model of Ischemic Stroke.

Objective: No current therapy prevents swelling after ischemic stroke, and pathways leading to edema formation are not completely understood. We have found the immune regulator soluble ST2 (sST2) to be a candidate mediator of edema formation. In the current study, we sought to identify a mechanistic relationship between sST2 and edema in ischemic stroke.

Pressure-Driven Moiré Potential Enhancement and Tertiary Gap Opening in Graphene/h-BN Heterostructure.

Moiré superlattices enable engineering of correlated quantum states through tunable periodic potentials, where twist angle controls periodicity but dynamic potential strength modulation remains challenging. Here, we develop a high-pressure quantum transport technique for van der Waals heterostructures, achieving the ultimate pressure limit (∼9  GPa) in encapsulated moiré devices. In aligned graphene/h-BN, we demonstrate that pressure induces a substantial enhancement of the moiré potential strength, evidenced by the suppression of the first valence bandwidth and the near-doubling of the primary band gap.

Surgical excision of Genitourinary neurofibromatosis complicated by enlarged scrotum and penis: A case report.

Neurofibromatosis, the most common neurocutaneous syndrome, is characterized by numerous neural crest tumors and abnormal skin pigmentation. Genitourinary neurofibromatosis in children is extremely rare and bladder involvement is relatively common. Few cases of neurofibromatosis reported so far involve external genitalia.

The Role of Vitamin D and Its Receptor Signaling in Diabetic Nephropathy and the Current Status of Research: A Literature Review.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the common and serious complications of diabetes mellitus, with a complex pathogenesis and a lack of ideal treatment options in clinical practice. In recent years, the protective role of vitamin D and its receptor signaling pathway in DKD has garnered widespread attention. Vitamin D plays an important role in the onset and progression of DKD by participating in the regulation of insulin secretion, inhibiting inflammatory responses, attenuating podocyte injury, modulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and inhibiting renal interstitial fibrosis through its receptor (VDR).

Chern Number Tunable Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Compensated Antiferromagnets.

We propose to realize the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in two-dimensional compensated antiferromagnets without net spin magnetization. We consider antiferromagnetic MnBi_{2}Te_{4} as a concrete example. By breaking the parity-time (PT) symmetry of even-layer MnBi_{2}Te_{4}, we find that the system can host the QAHE with a nonzero Chern number.

PARP9 exacerbates apoptosis and neuroinflammation via the PI3K pathway in the thalamus and hippocampus and cognitive decline after cortical infarction.

Background: Cerebral infarction induces substantial neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation in the ipsilateral nonischemic thalamus and hippocampus, with a critical correlation to post-stroke cognitive impairment. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 9 (PARP9) has been implicated in apoptosis and inflammation across various diseases, while its role in remote brain damage after cerebral infarction remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of PARP9 in mediating neuronal apoptosis and neuroinflammation in remote brain regions after distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and explore its contribution to secondary brain damage and cognitive decline.

mTOR pathway: A key player in diabetic nephropathy progression and therapeutic targets.

Diabetic nephropathy is a prevalent complication of diabetes and stands as the primary contributor to end-stage renal disease. The global prevalence of diabetic nephropathy is on the rise, however, due to its intricate pathogenesis, there is currently an absence of efficacious treatments to enhance renal prognosis in affected patients. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine/threonine protease, assumes a pivotal role in cellular division, survival, apoptosis delay, and angiogenesis.

[Spatiotemporal Characteristics and Influencing Factors of the Synergistic Effect of Pollution Reduction and Carbon Reduction in China].

Based on the use of the coupling coordination model to calculate the coupling coordination degree of carbon emission and pollutant control, the national, regional, and provincial spatiotemporal characteristics of the synergistic effect of pollution control and carbon emissions reduction in China were further analyzed, facilitating the crucial to identification of key areas. The fixed effects regression models and provincial panel data from 2006 to 2020 were used to explore factors contributing to better synergizing the reduction of pollution and carbon emissions in China. On this basis, the adjustment variable of R&D investment intensity was introduced, and the regulation effect model was constructed to further explore the influence mechanism of the synergistic effect of pollution reduction and carbon reduction.

Novel Fe/Ca oxide co-embedded coconut shell biochar for phosphorus recovery from agricultural return flows.

Efficient elimination and recovery of phosphorus from agricultural return flows are crucial for effective eutrophication management and phosphorus reuse. In this study, a neutral Fe/Ca oxide co-embedded biochar (FCBC) was synthesized using calcium peroxide and ferrous chloride as precursors for phosphate recovery from agricultural return flows. FCBC possesses a highly intricate pore structure and an abundance of surface-active groups.

Association between "weekend warrior" physical activity and the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases.

While guidelines recommend 150 ​min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) weekly to enhance health, it remains unclear whether concentrating these activities into 1-2 days of the week, "weekend warrior" (WW) pattern, has the same benefit for neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). This study aimed to evaluate the associations of WW pattern and the risk of NDDs. This prospective study was conducted using accelerometer-based physical activity data for a full week from June 2013 to December 2015 in the UK Biobank.

Integrated multi-omics with machine learning to uncover the intricacies of kidney disease.

The development of omics technologies has driven a profound expansion in the scale of biological data and the increased complexity in internal dimensions, prompting the utilization of machine learning (ML) as a powerful toolkit for extracting knowledge and understanding underlying biological patterns. Kidney disease represents one of the major growing global health threats with intricate pathogenic mechanisms and a lack of precise molecular pathology-based therapeutic modalities. Accordingly, there is a need for advanced high-throughput approaches to capture implicit molecular features and complement current experiments and statistics.

Glucocorticoid does not improve the renal prognosis of patients with diabetic nephropathy combined with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis: a retrospective analysis.

Background And Objectives: In clinical practice, some patients are diagnosed with diabetic nephropathy (DN) combined with acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (ATIN) through renal biopsy. There is relatively little research on the treatment and prognosis of such patients, and no consensus exists on the use of glucocorticoid for treatment. Therefore, our study explores the progression of DN combined with ATIN and the renal outcomes after treatment with glucocorticoid.

Unraveling the interplay of ferroptosis and immune dysregulation in diabetic kidney disease: a comprehensive molecular analysis.

Background: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a primary microvascular complication of diabetes with limited therapeutic effects. Delving into the pathogenic mechanisms of DKD and identifying new therapeutic targets is crucial. Emerging studies reveal the implication of ferroptosis and immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of DKD, however, the precise relationship between them remains not fully elucidated.

Pre-oxidized and composite strategy greatly boosts performance of polyacrylonitrile/LLZO nanofibers for lithium-metal batteries.

The active cyano-group in polyacrylonitrile has severe passivation of lithium anode under larger current density, which restricts the wide application of polyacrylonitrile(PAN) in lithium metal batteries. Herein, in order to address the excessive passivation of lithium metal by PAN, inspired by the pre-oxidation of carbon fibers, PAN was pre-oxidized at 230 °C, which transformed part of the cyano group into a more chemically stable cyclized structure. The electrochemical and mechanical properties of the composite solid electrolyte were effectively improved by introducing the fast ionic conductor LiLaZrAlO into PAN by electrospinning.

Visual analysis of global air pollution impact research: a bibliometric review (1996-2022).

The impact of air pollution is one of the hotspots attracting continuous scholarly attention, but the comprehensive statistical and visual analysis reviews are few. Employing the method of bibliometric analysis, this paper took the relevant literature from 1996 to April 2022 on the Web of Science as the research object. Through the methods of keyword co-occurrence analysis and burst analysis, the spatiotemporal evolution trend, cooperation network, outstanding scholars, knowledge base, and research focus of air pollution impact research are visually presented.

Photodegradation of glyphosate in water and stimulation of by-products on algae growth.

Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in global agricultural cultivation. However, little is known about the environmental risks associated with its migration and transformation. We conducted light irradiation experiments to study the dynamics and mechanism of photodegradation of glyphosate in ditches, ponds and lakes, and evaluated the effect of glyphosate photodegradation on algae growth through algae culture experiments.

dl-Methionine-Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization of Styrene and Methyl Methacrylate.

Reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) is a facile and highly efficient technique for the synthesis of well-defined polymer with precise structure. dl-Methionine (Met) as a RDRP control agent is described and assessed for RDRP of styrene (St) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with AIBN as radical initiator at 75 °C, which enables excellent control of this polymerization. The addition of dl-Methionine significantly decreased the dispersity (Đ) of the polymers for both monomers and first-order linear kinetic plots of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) are observed in DMSO.

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of the Chinese White Wax Scale Insect, Chavannes (Hemiptera: Coccidae), with Novel Gene Arrangement and Truncated tRNA Genes.

The Chinese white wax scale insect, Chavannes (Hemiptera: Coccidae), is one of the scale insects with great economic value and has been dispersed and reared in China for over one thousand years. Its mitochondrial genome provides essential information for the molecular identification and genetic study of this species. We assembled the complete mitochondrial genome of based on PacBio sequencing and analyzed its genomic features.

CircRNA Profiling of Skeletal Muscle in Two Pig Breeds Reveals CircIGF1R Regulates Myoblast Differentiation via miR-16.

Muscle development is closely related to meat quality and production. CircRNAs, with a closed-ring structure, have been identified as a key regulator of muscle development. However, the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in myogenesis are largely unknown.

CircHOMER1 inhibits porcine adipogenesis via the miR-23b/SIRT1 axis.

Fat deposition is critical to pork quality. However, the mechanism of fat deposition remains to be elucidated. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ideal biomarkers and are involved in adipogenesis.

Covalently Targeted Highly Conserved Tyr318 to Improve the Drug Resistance Profiles of HIV-1 NNRTIs: A Proof-of-Concept Study.

This study presents proof of concept for designing a novel HIV-1 covalent inhibitor targeting the highly conserved Tyr318 in the HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors binding pocket to improve the drug resistance profiles. The target inhibitor with a fluorosulfate warhead in the structure was found to be a potent inhibitor (EC = 11-246 nM) against HIV-1 IIIB and a panel of NNRTIs-resistant strains, being far superior to those of NVP and EFV. Moreover, was demonstrated with lower cytotoxicity (CC = 125 µM).

FNDC5 Promotes Adipogenic Differentiation of Primary Preadipocytes in Mashen Pigs.

Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) plays an important role in fat deposition, which can be cut to form Irisin to promote fat thermogenesis, resulting in a decrease in fat content. However, the mechanism of FNDC5 related to fat deposition in pigs is still unclear. In this research, we studied the expression of FNDC5 on different adiposes and its function in the adipogenic differentiation of primary preadipocytes in Mashen pigs.

CircCSDE1 Regulates Proliferation and Differentiation of C2C12 Myoblasts by Sponging miR-21-3p.

The growth and development of skeletal muscle is regulated by many factors, and recent studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can participate in this process. The model of porcine skeletal muscle injury was constructed to search for circRNAs that can regulate the growth and development of skeletal muscle in pigs. Using whole-transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, a novel circRNA (circCSDE1) was screened out, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle.