Transcriptomic and Lipidomic Analyses Reveal a Novel Antiapoptotic Mechanism of Peptide IRW in the Arteries of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats through the Reduction of Ceramide Levels and Arachidonic Acid Release.

IRW, an antihypertensive peptide derived from ovotransferrin, has been shown to lower blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) by upregulating angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is cardioprotective and a well-documented inhibitor of apoptosis. This study aims to investigate the anti-apoptotic effects of IRW and its underlying mechanism in SHRs' vasculature.

Altitude-Linked Distribution Patterns of Serum and Hair Mineral Elements in Healthy Yak Calves from Ganzi Prefecture.

Mineral imbalances in livestock can critically impair growth, immunity, and productivity. Yaks inhabiting the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau face unique environmental challenges, including high-altitude-induced nutrient variability. This study investigated the status of mineral elements and their correlations with altitude in healthy yak calves across five regions in Ganzi Prefecture, located at elevations ranging from 3100 to 4100 m.

Nonlinear response of soil microfauna network complexity and stability to multilevel warming in an old-growth subtropical forest.

The influence of climate warming on soil microbes and the mechanisms underlying these effects have become the subject of intense focus in microbial ecology and climate change research. However, it is largely unknown how warming affects soil microfauna network complexity and stability or how warming-induced changes may affect ecosystem functioning in old-growth forests. Here, we conducted a 3-year multilevel warming experiment in an old-growth subtropical forest using infrared heating with five treatments: ambient soil temperature and 0.

The TEX44-CPT1B axis regulates mitochondrial sheath assembly and fatty acid oxidation in sperm.

Mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is essential for energy production and cellular homeostasis, yet its role in sperm function has remained unclear. Through whole-exome sequencing (WES) of 800 patients with asthenozoospermia, we identified biallelic Testis-Expressed Protein 44 (TEX44) variants in six individuals, all of whom exhibited defective mitochondrial sheath assembly and impaired sperm motility. Using Tex44 knockout mice, we show that TEX44 interacts with carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (CPT1B) to form a mitochondrial glue, anchoring adjacent mitochondria and facilitating the assembly of the sperm-specific mitochondrial sheath.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward disease management among alopecia areata patients.

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition associated with significant psychosocial burden and inconsistent treatment outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of patients with alopecia areata regarding their disease management.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2024, to April 1, 2024, at Xishan People’s Hospital in Wuxi and Children’s Hospital of Anhui Medical University.

Machine learning-guided evolution of pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase for improved incorporation efficiency of diverse noncanonical amino acids.

The pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase (PylRS) is widely used to incorporate noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins. However, the yields of most ncAA-containing protein  remain low due to the limited activity of PylRS variants. Here, we apply machine learning to engineer the tRNA-binding domain of PylRS.

Antecedent moderate nitrogen fertilization alleviated the effects of drought on growth and leaf photosynthesis of Schima Superba seedlings.

Background: Drought and nitrogen deposition are the major global change factors that alter forest dynamics by affecting tree growth and physiology. However, the impacts of increased nitrogen availability at pre-drought on trees remains poorly understood, and it remains unclear how these responses are coordinated. In this study, we conducted the fertilization-drought microcosm experiment using a widely distributed evergreen broadleaf tree species seedlings (Schima superba) in southern China.

Regulating the N-oxidation selectivity of P450BM3 monooxygenases for N-heterocycles through computer-assisted structure-guided design.

N-oxidation of N-heterocycles is essential in the synthesis of natural products but challenging due to low efficacy and poor regioselectivity. In this study, the N-oxidation selective potential of P450BM3 from Bacillus megaterium for N-heterocyclic compounds is investigated. Here, twelve amino acids located in the active center, including A74, L75, V78, A82, F87, I263, A264, A328, P329, A330, I401, and L437, are investigated by site-saturation mutation.

Pervasive but biome-dependent relationship between fragmentation and resilience in forests.

The relationship between landscape fragmentation and vegetation resilience is uncertain. Here we use multiple satellite-based tree cover data and vegetation indices to quantify the apparent effects of fragmentation on global forest resilience and potential mechanisms thereof. We measure fragmentation as edge density, patch density and mean patch area of tree cover patches, and measure resilience as one-lag temporal autocorrelation of vegetation indices.

Deep learning dosiomics in grade 4 radiation-induced lymphopenia prediction in radiotherapy for esophageal cancer: a multi-center study.

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of using deep learning and dosiomics features, as well as their combination with dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters and clinical factors to predict grade 4 radiation-induced lymphopenia (G4RIL) for patients with esophageal cancer (EC) who undergoing radiotherapy (RT).

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 545 patients with EC who underwent RT between January 2015 and December 2023 from five medical centers, and divided them into a training set, an internal validation set, an external test set 1, and an external test set 2, respectively. Dosiomics (D) and deep learning dosiomics (DLD) models were built to predict the probability of G4RIL based on radiation dose distributions using five-fold cross-validation.

Cryoprotective activity of different characterized fractions isolated from sea cucumber intestinal protein hydrolysates against salmon.

An investigation was conducted to assess the impact of different fractions, obtained through the enzymatic hydrolysis of sea cucumber intestinal protein using neutral protease, on the freeze-thaw stability of salmon in terms of their cryoprotective properties. The ultrafiltration membrane separation fractions (<3 k Da, UMSF-1; >3 k Da, UMSF-2) and solid-phase extraction separation fractions (hydrophilic fraction, SPESF-1; hydrophobic fraction, SPESF-2), were assessed for their impact on meat quality, moisture retention, lipid oxidation, and myofibrillar protein stability. The results showed that frozen fish fillets treated with SPESF-2 had the best antifreeze activity, which could greatly maintain uniform texture and good water-holding capacity and reduce the denaturation and aggregation of myofibrillar proteins.

Establishment and epidemiological investigation of a dual fluorescent qPCR assay for and in yaks in the Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Garzê, China.

Introduction: Yaks serve as a vital economic and ecological resource in high-altitude regions, but it faces significant health challenges from various pathogens. Among these, and are critical pathogens that contribute to severe diseases.

Methods: A duplex real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR assay was developed to simultaneously detect and .

Potential antidiabetic activity and permeability assessment of the modified yeast-derived peptide, VLSTSFPPW (VW9).

This study investigates the antidiabetic activity, gastrointestinal stability, and permeability of a modified yeast-derived peptide, VLSTSFPPW (VW9), using in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell models. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that VW9 with DPP-IV inhibitory activity, was extensively cleaved during digestion into smaller fragments like PPW, FPPW, FPP, ST, and SFPP. Among these, PPW displayed the highest activity in vitro (IC: 22.

Radiographic characteristics of epiphyseal ossification centres of the thumb in patients with radial polydactyly.

This study aimed to evaluate the radiographic characteristics of the epiphyses (secondary ossification centres) in patients with radial polydactyly (RP). Radiographs of 2108 children with RP (2300 thumbs) were retrospectively reviewed. The pathoanatomy of the polydactyly was correlated with the radiographic characteristics of the epiphyseal ossification centres on plain radiographs and compared with the normal children population.

Progranulin's Protective Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, prompting the investigation of novel therapeutic targets. Progranulin (PGRN), a glycoprotein initially associated with neurodegenerative disorders, has emerged as a critical protective agent in cardiovascular health. Recent studies indicate that PGRN exerts its protective effects through various mechanisms, including the modulation of inflammatory pathways, enhancement of mitochondrial function, and promotion of vascular integrity.

The synergistic corrosion of carbon steel by sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea microbial communities.

The impact of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) on the corrosion of carbon steel was examined through weight loss tests, electrochemical measurements, surface analyses, and metagenomic analyses. The findings indicated that SRB and MA exhibited a synergistic effect on the corrosion process. This resulted in a significant increase in corrosion weight loss in the SRB + MA group (16.

HMgNO: Hybrid multigrid neural operator with low-order numerical solver for partial differential equations.

Traditional numerical methods face a trade-off between computational cost and accuracy when solving partial differential equations. Low-order solvers are fast but less accurate, while high-order solvers are accurate but much slower. To address this challenge, we propose a novel framework, the hybrid multigrid neural operator (HMgNO).

Deep learning dosiomics for the pretreatment prediction of radiation dermatitis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy.

Purpose: To develop a combined dosiomics and deep learning (DL) model for predicting radiation dermatitis (RD) of grade ≥ 2 in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radiation therapy (RT) based on radiation dose distribution.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was performed with 290 NPC patients treated with RT from two medical centers. The patients were categorized into three groups: a training set (n = 167), an internal validation set (n = 72), and an external validation set (n = 51), respectively.

Clinical Outcomes and Safety Profile of Neoadjuvant PD-1 Inhibitors Combined With VEGFR-TKI Versus VEGFR-TKI in Nonmetastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: The effectiveness of combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in neoadjuvant therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains unclear. This study aim to compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant ICI plus TKI combination therapy versus TKI monotherapy in locally RCC patients.

Methods: This study included 185 cases of locally RCC disease(TanyNanyM0) receiving neoadjuvant therapy from 29 centers across China from January 2019 to Feburary 2024.

Efficacy and safety of robotic-assisted laparoscopic "one-step" radical nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision.

Objective: To investigate the effect and safety of robotic-assisted laparoscopic "one-step" radical nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision.

Methods: The clinical data of 69 patients who underwent robotic-assisted laparoscopic "one-step" radical nephroureterectomy and bladder cuff excision at the Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, from January 2019 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed, and the surgical position, Trocar position, and key surgical steps were described, and the perioperative conditions, postoperative complications, and tumor recurrence rate at 1 year after the operation were also counted. The perioperative period, postoperative complications, and tumor recurrence rate at 1 year after surgery were also described.

Verification of biological markers of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus via TMT labelling proteomics combined with transcriptome data.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate biological markers in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE).

Methods: The tandem mass tag (TMT)-labelling proteomics method was used to explore differentially expressed proteins between SCLE lesions and normal skin tissues. The differences in transcriptomic data between SCLE tissues and normal skin tissues were analysed from the GEO database (GSE81071, GSE109248 and GSE112943).

Canola Protein Hydrolysates Show Osteogenic Activity in MC3T3-E1 Cells.

Osteoporosis, the most prevalent metabolic bone disorder, is a major public health issue. Previous studies indicated the potential of food components in mitigating the risks of osteoporosis. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of canola protein hydrolysates (CPH) on osteoclastogenesis using a pre-osteoblast cell MC3T3-E1.

Absorption, transport, blood-brain barrier penetration, and neuroprotection of walnut peptides LR and LPI.

The prerequisite for neuroprotective peptides to exert physiological effect is that they can across intestinal epithelial barrier and blood-brain barrier (BBB). The study was aimed to investigate the absorption, transportation and BBB permeability of walnut neuroprotective peptides LR and LPI using Caco-2 cell monolayer and in vivo imaging, and further to evaluate their underlying mechanisms through transcriptome sequencing analysis of zebrafish brain. Results showed that LR and LPI improved learning and memory impairment in scopolamine-induced zebrafish.

Mechanistic insights into RNA cleavage by human Argonaute2-siRNA complex.

In animals, AGO-clade Argonaute proteins utilize small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as guides to recognize target with complete complementarity, resulting in target RNA cleavage that is a critical step for target silencing. These proteins feature a constricted nucleic acid-binding channel that limits base pairing between the guide and target beyond the seed region. How the AGO-siRNA complexes overcome this structural limitation and achieve efficient target cleavage remains unclear.