Multicomponent double Mannich alkylamination involving C(sp)-H and benzylic C(sp)-H bonds.

Alkylamines are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, materials and agrochemicals. The Mannich reaction is a well-known three-component reaction for preparing alkylamines and has been widely used in academic research and industry. However, the nucleophilic components in this process rely on C(sp)-H and activated C(sp)-H bonds while the unactivated C(sp)-H bonds involved Mannich alkylamination is a long-standing challenge.

2D WO Nanosheet with Rich Oxygen Vacancies for Efficient Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation.

Oxygen vacancy modulation holds great promise for enhancing the photocatalytic activity for efficient nitrogen fixation under mild conditions. In this work, the two-dimensional WO nanosheets with rich oxygen vacancies were prepared using solvothermal synthesis. The WO nanosheets (rich oxygen vacancies) display nice photocatalytic activity for N reduction to ammonia with a high yield rate of 82.

Deep brain stimulation for chorea-acanthocytosis: a systematic review.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a reversible treatment for chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc). Its safety and efficacy remain elusive due to the low prevalence of ChAc. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of DBS for ChAc by systematically reviewing literature through PubMed and EMBASE.

Inorganic Chiral Hybrid Nanostructures for Tailored Chiroptics and Chirality-Dependent Photocatalysis.

Inorganic chiral hybrid nanostructures that embed chirality within distinct material compositions can create novel chiral properties and functionalities absent from achiral nanostructures; however, they remain largely unexplored. We report, for the first time, a class of chiral plasmonic metal-semiconductor core-shell nanostructures that employ structurally chiral nanoparticles as chirality inducing templates to grow functional shell materials, which allowed us to independently control material parameters such as core geometry and shell thickness, as well as handedness of the system. We experimentally and theoretically achieved enhanced and tunable chiroptical activity of the heterostructures as a result of the core-shell strong coupling effect.

Assessing target engagement using proteome-wide solvent shift assays.

Recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS) have enabled quantitative proteomics to become a powerful tool in the field of drug discovery, especially when applied toward proteome-wide target engagement studies. Similar to temperature gradients, increasing concentrations of organic solvents stimulate unfolding and precipitation of the cellular proteome. This property can be influenced by physical association with ligands and other molecules, making individual proteins more or less susceptible to solvent-induced denaturation.

A single-cell transcriptomic landscape of the lungs of patients with COVID-19.

The lung is the primary organ targeted by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), making respiratory failure a leading coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related mortality. However, our cellular and molecular understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 infection drives lung pathology is limited. Here we constructed multi-omics and single-nucleus transcriptomic atlases of the lungs of patients with COVID-19, which integrate histological, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses.

Accuracy improvement in plastics classification by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on a residual network.

The whole ecosystem is suffering from serious plastic pollution. Automatic and accurate classification is an essential process in plastic effective recycle. In this work, we proposed an accurate approach for plastics classification using a residual network based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS).

A systems genetics approach reveals PbrNSC as a regulator of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis in stone cells of pear fruit.

Background: Stone cells in fruits of pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) negatively influence fruit quality because their lignified cell walls impart a coarse and granular texture to the fruit flesh.

Results: We generate RNA-seq data from the developing fruits of 206 pear cultivars with a wide range of stone cell contents and use a systems genetics approach to integrate co-expression networks and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) to characterize the regulatory mechanisms controlling lignocellulose formation in the stone cells of pear fruits. Our data with a total of 35,897 expressed genes and 974,404 SNPs support the identification of seven stone cell formation modules and the detection of 139,515 eQTLs for 3229 genes in these modules.

The predictive value of preoperative paraspinal muscle morphometry on complications after lumbar surgery: a systematic review.

Purpose: The effect of paraspinal muscles atrophy and fat infiltration (FI) on the complications of spinal surgery has not been established.

Methods: A review of the literature was conducted from a search of the PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases from inception through January 2021. The literature was searched and assessed by independent reviewers based on criteria that included an assessment of preoperative paraspinal muscle morphology in addition to measuring its relationship to surgical complications.

Evaluation of a Clinically Relevant Drug-Drug Interaction Between Rosuvastatin and Clopidogrel and the Risk of Hepatotoxicity.

The combination therapy of rosuvastatin (RSV) and the platelet inhibitor clopidogrel (CP) is widely accepted in the management of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the present study was to identify the mechanism of RSV-CP DDI and evaluate the risk of hepatotoxicity associated with the concomitant use of CP. We first studied the effect of CP and its major circulating metabolite, carboxylic acid metabolite (CPC), on RSV transport by overexpressing cells and membrane vesicles.

LIRBase: a comprehensive database of long inverted repeats in eukaryotic genomes.

Small RNAs (sRNAs) constitute a large portion of functional elements in eukaryotic genomes. Long inverted repeats (LIRs) can be transcribed into long hairpin RNAs (hpRNAs), which can further be processed into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) with vital biological roles. In this study, we systematically identified a total of 6 619 473 LIRs in 424 eukaryotic genomes and developed LIRBase (https://venyao.

Proteome-wide mapping of short-lived proteins in human cells.

Rapid protein degradation enables cells to quickly modulate protein abundance. Dysregulation of short-lived proteins plays essential roles in disease pathogenesis. A focused map of short-lived proteins remains understudied.

The Response of Grain Yield and Root Morphological and Physiological Traits to Nitrogen Levels in Paddy Rice.

Rice ( L.) is an important crop in China. Although it is known that its yield is restricted by nitrogen (N) supply, the response of the root system to N supply specifically has not been systematically explored.

Assisted Partner Notification and Uptake of HIV Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China.

Background: Assisted partner notification (PN) is an effective approach for increasing HIV testing among heterosexual partners. There is sparse evidence on its effect among sexual partners of men who have sex with men (MSM).

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effect of assisted PN and passive PN interventions on uptake of HIV testing among male and female sexual partners of newly HIV-diagnosed MSM.

Synthesis of Deuterated ()-Alkene through Xanthate-Mediated Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Reactions.

Herein we have developed a reversible hydrogen-deuterium exchange reaction of nonactivated olefins. By using EtOCSK as a mediator, the H/D exchange reaction was realized through repeated addition and elimination reactions, demonstrating reversible H/D exchange between ordinary olefins and deuterated olefins. Using the lowest cost DO without precious metal catalysts and ligands, a broad spectrum of compatibility of functional groups was achieved.

Causal Interactions Between the Default Mode Network and Central Executive Network in Patients with Major Depression.

Two different but interacting neural systems exist in the human brain: the task positive networks and task negative networks. One of the most important task positive networks is the central executive network (CEN), while the task negative network generally refers to the default mode network (DMN), which usually demonstrates task-induced deactivation. Although previous studies have clearly shown the association of both the CEN and DMN with major depressive disorder (MDD), how the causal interactions between these two networks change in depressed patients remains unclear.

Study of Flexural and Crack Propagation Behavior of Layered Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Mortar Using the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Technique.

By optimizing the distribution of steel fibers in fiber-reinforced cementitious mortar (FRCM) through the layered structure, the role of fibers can be fully utilized, thus improving the flexural behavior. In this study, the flexural behavior of layered FRCM at different thicknesses (25 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm) of the steel fiber layer was investigated. The evolution of the crack propagation behavior was analyzed using the digital image correlation (DIC) technique.

An Efficient Synthesis of Geminal-Dialkyl Dienes for Olefin Metathesis Polymerization.

A robust synthesis of -dialkyl acyclic diene monomers has been developed. This route is scalable, flexible, and biorenewable, allowing for the production of a wide range of diene monomers of different lengths and different -dialkyl substitution starting from unsaturated esters derived from seed oils. The metathesis polymerization of these monomers and the hydrogenation of the resulting polyolefins leads to telechelic -dialkyl polyethylenes, which can be used as elastomers in the synthesis of polyurethanes and other block polymers.

A deep learning model for predicting next-generation sequencing depth from DNA sequence.

Targeted high-throughput DNA sequencing is a primary approach for genomics and molecular diagnostics, and more recently as a readout for DNA information storage. Oligonucleotide probes used to enrich gene loci of interest have different hybridization kinetics, resulting in non-uniform coverage that increases sequencing costs and decreases sequencing sensitivities. Here, we present a deep learning model (DLM) for predicting Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) depth from DNA probe sequences.

Triple network hypothesis-related disrupted connections in schizophrenia: A spectral dynamic causal modeling analysis with functional magnetic resonance imaging.

Objective: The symptom-related neurobiology characteristic of schizophrenia in the brain from a network perspective is still poorly understood, leading to a lack of potential biologically-based markers and difficulty identifying therapeutic targets. We aim to test the dysregulated cross-network interactions among the Salience Network (SN), Central Executive Network (CEN) and Default Mode Network (DMN) and how they contributed to different symptoms in schizophrenia patients.

Methods: We examined network interactions among the SN, CEN and DMN in 76 patients with schizophrenia vs.