Development of a prediction tool for kidney function decline in children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: A paucity of literature exists on the development of predictive tools for the decline of kidney function in pediatric chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this study is to develop and internally validate a tool for the short-term prediction of a kidney function decline in pediatric patients with CKD.

Methods: A total of 539 patients participating in the KNOW-PedCKD (KoreaN cohort study for Outcomes in patients With Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease) were evaluated for 48 variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, laboratory data, and treatment use.

Quantifying the impact of immortal time bias: empirical evidence from meta-analyses.

ObjectivesImmortal time bias (ITB) occurs when a period during which, by design, participants cannot experience the outcome (like death) is incorrectly included in the treatment group's follow-up, artificially making the treatment look better than it truly is. We aimed to identify a systematic sample of cases of ITB in the literature of studies using survival analysis and assess the impact of ITB on the results.DesignMeta-epidemiological study (PROSPERO[CRD42022356073]).

Global cancer mortality among children, adolescents, and young adults from 77 countries, 1990-2021: a global time-series analysis and modelling study.

Background: The patterns of cancer burden in children, adolescents and young adults are distinct from those in the general adult population, underscoring the importance of developing targeted research and interventions. Thus, we analyzed global, regional, and national cancer mortality trends via the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database among children aged 0-14 years and adolescents and young adults aged 15-34 across 77 WHO Member States.

Methods: Age-standardized country-specific cancer mortality rates (deaths per 100,000) and years of life lost between 1990 and 2021 were estimated via a locally weighted scatterplot smooth curve.

Physical multimorbidity and dynapenic abdominal obesity among older adults from low- and middle-income countries.

Background: As far as we are aware, to date, there are no studies on the association between dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) and physical multimorbidity (i.e., ≥2 chronic conditions).

Association between dynapenic abdominal obesity and mild cognitive impairment among middle-aged and older community-dwelling adults.

Objectives: Dynapenic abdominal obesity (DAO) may potentially increase risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but data is scarce, and community-based studies are lacking. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between DAO and MCI in a large nationally representative community-based sample from six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa).

Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health.

Beyond Hunger: Uncovering the Link between Food Insecurity and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Adolescents.

Background: Food insecurity (FI) represents a critical public health concern, particularly for adolescents, as it compromises nutritional intake and mental health during crucial developmental stages.

Objectives: This study examines the associations between FI and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in a sample of 712 adolescents aged 12-17 y from , Region of Murcia, Spain.

Methods: Data were sourced from the cross-sectional "Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities" study.

Global, regional and national burden of dietary iron deficiency from 1990 to 2021: a Global Burden of Disease study.

Although iron deficiency is well documented, less is known about dietary involvement in symptomatic iron deficiency manifesting in medical conditions. In this study, we quantified the global burden of dietary iron deficiency, focusing on where inadequate dietary iron intake leads to clinical manifestations such as anemia. We analyzed data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 to estimate dietary iron deficiency prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), stratified by age, sex, geography and socio-demographic index (SDI) across 204 countries.

Association Between Unclean Cooking Fuel Use and Hearing Problems Among Adults Aged ≥ 65 Years, a Cross-Sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Literature suggests that outdoor air pollutant exposure is associated with hearing problems, but examination of this link has not extended to any potential association between hearing ability and the use of unclean cooking fuels. The current paper investigates whether such a link exists, utilizing a large sample of older adults from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where such fuels are commonly used.

Methods: Data from the Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed.

Temporal Trends in Inadequate Vegetable and Fruit Consumption Among Adolescents Aged 12-15 Years From 31 Countries in Asia, Africa, and the Americas.

Background And Aims: A low intake of fruit and vegetable consumption has been found to be associated with a plethora of negative health outcomes in adolescents. However, there is a scarcity of literature on long-term trends in fruit and vegetable intake in the adolescent population. Therefore, we examined this trend in a nationally representative sample of adolescents (12-15 years) attending school in 31 countries, including Africa, Asia, and the Americas, where investigation of such trends has been scarce.

Registered clinical trial trends evolved differently in East Asia vs the United States during 2014-2023.

Objectives: East Asia, including China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, has become a major hub for clinical trials. However, comprehensive comparisons between ClinicalTrials.gov and local registries remain limited.

Cryolipolysis and associated health outcomes, adverse events, and satisfaction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cryolipolysis is a nonsurgical adiposity reduction treatment that is increasing in popularity globally. The aim of this paper was to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis on cryolipolysis and associated health outcomes, adverse events (AE) and patient satisfaction.

Methods: Major databases were searched from inception until April 4, 2024.

Environmental Protective and Risk Factors for Gastric Cancer: An Umbrella Review and Reanalysis of Meta-Analyses.

Purpose: Despite extensive research on gastric cancer (GC), efforts to consolidate the numerous associations between possible factors and GC risk remain lacking. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of potential GC-associated pairs.

Materials And Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, from their inception to April 23, 2022, for eligible systematic reviews and meta-analyses to investigate the association between any possible factors and GC risk.

Effects of Robot-Assisted Therapy for Upper Limb Rehabilitation After Stroke: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews.

Background: Robotic rehabilitation, which provides a high-intensity, high-frequency therapy to improve neuroplasticity, is gaining traction. However, its effectiveness for upper extremity stroke rehabilitation remains uncertain. This study comprehensively reviewed meta-analyses on the effectiveness of upper extremity robot-assisted therapy in patients with stroke.

The association between physical multimorbidity and fall-related injury among adults aged ≥ 50 years from low- and middle-income countries.

Studies from high-income countries have shown that multimorbidity is associated with increased fall risk among older adults. However, studies specifically on this topic from low- and middle-income counties (LMICs) are lacking. Thus, we aimed to assess this association among adults aged ≥ 50 years from six LMICs.

Fruit and vegetable consumption and injurious falls among adults aged ≥ 50 years from low- and middle-income countries.

Objective: Inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption may increase risk for falls. However, to date, only one study has examined this association in a sample restricted to females, while the mediators of this association are largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to examine the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and injurious falls, and to identify potential mediators in a sample including both males and females.

Global burden of vaccine-associated kidney injury using an international pharmacovigilance database.

Global evidence on the association between vaccines and renal adverse events (AEs) is inconclusive. This pharmacovigilance study analyzed a total of 120,715,116 reports from VigiBase collected between 1967 and 2022. We evaluated the global reporting of acute kidney injury (AKI), glomerulonephritis (GN), and tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) and assessed disproportionate signals between vaccines and renal AEs using reporting odds ratios (ROR) and the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval of the information component (IC) in comparison with the entire database.

Clinical guidelines for the diagnosis, evaluation, and management of hypertension for Korean children and adolescents: the Korean Working Group of Pediatric Hypertension.

Pediatric hypertension (HTN) is a significant, growing health concern worldwide and also in Korea. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of HTN in Korean children and adolescents are uncertain due to limitations in using the current international guidelines, since the recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and European Society of Hypertension (ESH) guidelines differ. Furthermore, these are guidelines for Western youth, who are racially and ethnically different from Koreans.

Unclean cooking fuel use and sleep problems among adults aged 65 years and older from six countries.

We investigated the association between unclean cooking fuel use and sleep problems in a nationally representative sample of adults aged ≥65 years from six low- and middle-income countries (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, South Africa). Cross-sectional, community-based data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Unclean cooking fuel referred to kerosene/paraffin, coal/charcoal, wood, agriculture/crop, animal dung, and shrubs/grass.

Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Hydrodissection for the Management of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Purpose: Ultrasound-guided nerve hydrodissection has emerged as a potential non-surgical treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). The objective of this research was to offer suggestions for optimizing injectables utilized in hydrodissection for the treatment of CTS through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through April 25, 2024.

Collaborative Outcomes Study on Health and Functioning During Infection Times (COH-FIT): Global and Risk-Group Stratified Course of Well-Being and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents.

Objective: To identify the COVID-19 pandemic impact on well-being/mental health, coping strategies, and risk factors in adolescents worldwide.

Method: This study was based on an anonymous online multi-national/multi-language survey in the general population (representative/weighted non-representative samples, 14-17 years of age), measuring change in well-being (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5]/range = 0-100) and psychopathology (validated composite P-score/range = 0-100), WHO-5 <50 and <29, pre- vs during COVID-19 pandemic (April 26, 2020-June 26, 2022). Coping strategies and 9 a priori- defined individual/cumulative risk factors were measured.

Atlas of Gray Matter Volume Differences Across Psychiatric Conditions: A Systematic Review With a Novel Meta-Analysis That Considers Co-Occurring Disorders.

Background: Regional gray matter volume (GMV) differences between individuals with mental disorders and comparison participants may be confounded by co-occurring disorders. To disentangle disorder-specific GMV correlates, we conducted a large-scale multidisorder meta-analysis using a novel approach that explicitly models co-occurring disorders.

Methods: We systematically reviewed voxel-based morphometry studies indexed in PubMed and Scopus up to January 2023 that compared adults with major mental disorders (anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia spectrum, anxiety, bipolar, major depressive, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders plus attention-deficit/hyperactivity, autism spectrum, and borderline personality disorders) with comparison participants.