The effect of age and sex on brain metabolites: from childhood to adulthood.

Abnormalities in the concentration of brain metabolites have been found across neuropsychiatric conditions. This cross-sectional study set out to examine the relationship between levels of neurometabolites and age and sex -key modulators of brain function and structure-, continuously from childhood to early adulthood, in areas relevant to the study of psychiatric disorders. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) data was acquired in the dorsomedial prefrontal region (dmPF) and the medial temporal lobe (mTL) in 128 healthy individuals aged 7 to 34 years, 68.

Lateralized white matter integrity changes across the lifespan in major depression: AES-SDM meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis examined white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) differences across the lifespan to better understand underlying neurobiological mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD). Using anisotropic effect size-based-signed differential mapping (AES-SDM), the study meta-analyzed 67 whole-brain FA voxel-based analysis (VBA) and tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) studies. The sample included 3620 individuals with MDD and 3764 age-matched healthy controls, ranging from adolescence to older adulthood.

A systematic review and synthesis of 489 studies investigating treatments for negative symptoms in the schizophrenia spectrum: Trial designs, demographics and clinical characteristics.

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia spectrum are associated with minimal treatment responses. The search for effective treatments is potentially hampered by heterogenous study-designs and sample characteristics depending on the intervention category. This PRISMA-compliant systematic review/synthesis aims to describe the literature on negative symptoms interventions for schizophrenia spectrum disorders by comparing 12 study design, demographical and clinical variables in different intervention categories: antipsychotics (AP), other pharmacological agents (OPA), brain stimulation (BS), psychological/psychosocial (PSI), lifestyle (LS), mixed interventions.

Multivariate patterns among multimodal neuroimaging and clinical, cognitive, and daily functioning characteristics in bipolar disorder.

Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) show heterogeneity in clinical, cognitive, and daily functioning characteristics, which challenges accurate diagnostics and optimal treatment. A key goal is to identify brain-based biomarkers that inform patient stratification and serve as treatment targets. The objective of the present study was to apply a data-driven, multivariate approach to quantify the relationship between multimodal imaging features and behavioral phenotypes in BD.

Collaborative Outcomes Study on Health and Functioning During Infection Times (COH-FIT): Global and Risk-Group Stratified Course of Well-Being and Mental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Adolescents.

Objective: To identify the COVID-19 pandemic impact on well-being/mental health, coping strategies, and risk factors in adolescents worldwide.

Method: This study was based on an anonymous online multi-national/multi-language survey in the general population (representative/weighted non-representative samples, 14-17 years of age), measuring change in well-being (World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index [WHO-5]/range = 0-100) and psychopathology (validated composite P-score/range = 0-100), WHO-5 <50 and <29, pre- vs during COVID-19 pandemic (April 26, 2020-June 26, 2022). Coping strategies and 9 a priori- defined individual/cumulative risk factors were measured.

White matter microstructure in obesity and bipolar disorders: an ENIGMA bipolar disorder working group study in 2186 individuals.

Although specific risk factors for brain alterations in bipolar disorders (BD) are currently unknown, obesity impacts the brain and is highly prevalent in BD. Gray matter correlates of obesity in BD have been well documented, but we know much less about brain white matter abnormalities in people who have both obesity and BD. We obtained body mass index (BMI) and diffusion tensor imaging derived fractional anisotropy (FA) from 22 white matter tracts in 899 individuals with BD, and 1287 control individuals from 20 cohorts in the ENIGMA-BD working group.

Atlas of Gray Matter Volume Differences Across Psychiatric Conditions: A Systematic Review With a Novel Meta-Analysis That Considers Co-Occurring Disorders.

Background: Regional gray matter volume (GMV) differences between individuals with mental disorders and comparison participants may be confounded by co-occurring disorders. To disentangle disorder-specific GMV correlates, we conducted a large-scale multidisorder meta-analysis using a novel approach that explicitly models co-occurring disorders.

Methods: We systematically reviewed voxel-based morphometry studies indexed in PubMed and Scopus up to January 2023 that compared adults with major mental disorders (anorexia nervosa, schizophrenia spectrum, anxiety, bipolar, major depressive, obsessive-compulsive, and posttraumatic stress disorders plus attention-deficit/hyperactivity, autism spectrum, and borderline personality disorders) with comparison participants.

Large-scale brain connectivity changes following the administration of lysergic acid diethylamide, d-amphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine.

Psychedelics have recently attracted significant attention for their potential to mitigate symptoms associated with various psychiatric disorders. However, the precise neurobiological mechanisms responsible for these effects remain incompletely understood. A valuable approach to gaining insights into the specific mechanisms of action involves comparing psychedelics with substances that have partially overlapping neurophysiological effects, i.

Coping behaviors to reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms: A prospective repeated assessment study.

Introduction: Health institutions provide general recommendations to cope with global crises such as pandemics or geopolitical tensions. However, these recommendations are mainly based on cross-sectional evidence. The preregistered Repeated Assessment of Behaviors and Symptoms in the Population (RABSYPO) study sought to establish prospective longitudinal evidence from a cohort with a demographic distribution similar to that of the Spanish population to provide evidence for developing solid universal recommendations to reduce anxiety and depressive symptoms during times of uncertainty.

Principal component analysis as an efficient method for capturing multivariate brain signatures of complex disorders-ENIGMA study in people with bipolar disorders and obesity.

Multivariate techniques better fit the anatomy of complex neuropsychiatric disorders which are characterized not by alterations in a single region, but rather by variations across distributed brain networks. Here, we used principal component analysis (PCA) to identify patterns of covariance across brain regions and relate them to clinical and demographic variables in a large generalizable dataset of individuals with bipolar disorders and controls. We then compared performance of PCA and clustering on identical sample to identify which methodology was better in capturing links between brain and clinical measures.

Longitudinal changes in resting-state functional connectivity as markers of vulnerability or resilience in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder.

Background: There is a significant contribution of genetic factors to the etiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Unaffected first-degree relatives of patients (UR) with BD are at increased risk of developing mental disorders and may manifest cognitive impairments and alterations in brain functional and connective dynamics, akin to their affected relatives.

Methods: In this prospective longitudinal study, resting-state functional connectivity was used to explore stable and progressive markers of vulnerability i.

Study protocol - elucidating the neural correlates of functional remediation for older adults with bipolar disorder.

Introduction: Beyond mood abnormalities, bipolar disorder (BD) includes cognitive impairments that worsen psychosocial functioning and quality of life. These deficits are especially severe in older adults with BD (OABD), a condition expected to represent most individuals with BD in the upcoming years. Restoring the psychosocial functioning of this population will thus soon represent a public health priority.

Should perception of emotions be classified according to threat detection rather than emotional valence? An updated meta-analysis for a whole-brain atlas of emotional faces processing.

Background: Human navigation of social interactions relies on the processing of emotion on faces. This meta-analysis aimed to produce an updated brain atlas of emotional face processing from whole-brain studies based on a single emotional face-viewing paradigm (PROSPERO CRD42022251548).

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search of Embase, MEDLINE and PsycINFO from May 2008 to October 2021.

Improved estimation of the risk of manic relapse by combining clinical and brain scan data.

Introduction: Estimating the risk of manic relapse could help the psychiatrist individually adjust the treatment to the risk. Some authors have attempted to estimate this risk from baseline clinical data. Still, no studies have assessed whether the estimation could improve by adding structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

Lateralized grey matter volume changes in adolescents versus adults with major depression: SDM-PSI meta-analysis.

The current study is the first meta-analysis to examine grey matter volume (GMV) changes in adolescents and across the lifespan in major depressive disorder (MDD). Seed-based d mapping-with permutation of subject images (SDM-PSI) has advantages over previous coordinate-based meta-analytical methods (CBMA), such as reducing bias (via the MetaNSUE algorithm) and including non-statistically significant unreported effects. SDM-PSI was used to analyze 105 whole-brain GMV voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing 6,530 individuals with MDD versus 6,821 age-matched healthy controls (HC).

Correlation between emotion dysregulation and mood symptoms of bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Emotion dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct characterized by difficulties regulating intense emotions. People with bipolar disorder (BD) are more likely to show ED and use maladaptive emotion regulation strategies than adaptive ones. However, little is known about whether ED in BD is a trait or it is rather an epiphenomenon of mood symptoms.

Transdiagnostic risk of mental disorders in offspring of affected parents: a meta-analysis of family high-risk and registry studies.

The offspring of parents with mental disorders are at increased risk for developing mental disorders themselves. The risk to offspring may extend transdiagnostically to disorders other than those present in the parents. The literature on this topic is vast but mixed.

Meta-analysis of the effects of adjuvant drugs in co-occurring bipolar and substance use disorder.

Background: Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) often have co-occurring substance use disorders (SUDs), which substantially impoverish the course of illness. Despite the importance of this dual diagnosis, the evidence of the efficacy and safety of adjuvant treatments is mostly unknown.

Objective: To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant drugs in patients with co-occurring BD and SUD.

Aberrant resting-state functional connectivity underlies cognitive and functional impairments in remitted patients with bipolar disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is commonly associated with cognitive impairments, that directly contribute to patients' functional disability. However, there is no effective treatment targeting cognition in BD. A key reason for the lack of pro-cognitive interventions is the limited insight into the brain correlates of cognitive impairments in these patients.