Prognostic Value of A/T/N Biomarkers: Comparing Plasma and Imaging Modalities in Alzheimer Disease.

Background: Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by amyloid-β plaques (A), tau tangles (T), and neurodegeneration (N), collectively defining the ATN framework. While imaging biomarkers are well-established, the prognostic value of plasma biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline remains underexplored. This study compares plasma and imaging A/T/N biomarkers in predicting cognitive decline and evaluate the impact of combining biomarkers across modalities.

The dimethyloxalylglycine-functionalized nanofibers for regeneration of infected developing dental roots.

regeneration in restorative dentistry targets the repair of tissues directly at the injury site by utilizing engineered biomaterials to guide endogenous cell activity. This approach aims to simplify treatment procedures and achieve more predictable outcomes, thus to supports the regeneration of damaged tissues and potentially restores tooth vitality, reducing the need for more invasive treatments. This study explores the potential of poly(ε-caprolactone) fibers (PCLF) functionalized with a hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) stabilizing small molecule dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG) for regeneration in the context of dental root repair in developing immature teeth.

Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 and amyloid‑β 42/40 for amyloid risk in subgroups.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Recently, plasma biomarkers, particularly p-tau217, have emerged as promising tools for early diagnosis and risk stratification. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of p-tau217 combined with other plasma biomarkers in distinguishing Aβ Positron emission tomography (PET) positivity in cognitively unimpaired (CU) and cognitively impaired (CI) individuals across diverse clinical subgroups.

Potential utility of plasma pTau217 for assessing amyloid and tau biomarker profiles.

Purpose: Plasma phosphorylated tau 217 (pTau217) is a promising biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, reflecting both amyloid β (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography (PET) results. While its diagnostic role is actively being investigated, this study aims to expand its application to staging disease progression and predicting cognitive decline.

Methods: A total of 2,919 participants, primarily diagnosed as Alzheimer's clinical syndrome, were recruited.

Diverse Clinical Phenotypes of Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease in South Korea.

Background And Purpose: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by a wide range of clinical manifestations. GGC-repeat expansion in was recently identified as the genetic cause of NIID. Here we report clinical, radiological, pathological, and genetic findings in NIID patients.

Updates on lung cancer screening for early detection.

This review examines the current status and recent progress in lung cancer screening programs, focusing on low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) and emerging liquid biopsy technologies. In Korea, the National Lung Cancer Screening Program has shown promising results in reducing lung cancer mortality since its implementation in 2019. This review discusses the LDCT screening in Korea, including reductions in short-term mortality, increased screening uptake, and enhanced smoking cessation rates.

The renoprotective effects of tadalafil on ischemia-reperfusion injury during partial nephrectomy in an animal model.

Background: Although 25 min is the reported safe partial nephrectomy time for warm ischemia, acute kidney injury occurs even with arterial ligation within 25 min, causing serious complications in patients with chronic renal disease. Various drugs have been studied but evidence of their effectiveness and safety is insufficient. This study investigated the renoprotective function of tadalafil.

Validation of criteria for frontotemporal dementia with right anterior temporal lobe predominance.

Introduction: Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) with right anterior temporal lobe (rATL) predominance lacks universally agreed-upon diagnostic criteria. This study validated the Amsterdam diagnostic tree (ADT) for right temporal variant FTD (rtvFTD) and the diagnostic criteria for semantic behavioral variant FTD (sbvFTD), examining clinical, behavioral, and imaging differences.

Methods: The study included 138 patients with behavioral variant FTD and 87 with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia who had 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans.

Anticancer Treatment Influences TREM2 in Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Lung Cancer.

Purpose: The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM2) creates an immunosuppressive environment, but the effects of anticancer treatment on TREM2 and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are not well established. This study investigates the impact of chemotherapy on TREM2-expressing macrophages within the lung adenocarcinoma TME.

Materials And Methods: Using single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of paired normal-appearing lung tissue (NL) and tumor (Tu), human and mouse lung cancer tissue, and THP-1 cells, we observed the effects of anticancer drugs on them.

Comparison of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and Surgery for Stage I Lung Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Cohort Study Utilizing Propensity Score Overlap Weighting and AI-Based CT Imaging Analysis.

With rising life expectancy and widespread lung cancer screening, early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) incidence has increased. While surgery is the standard treatment for operable stage I NSCLC, many patients are ineligible due to age or comorbidities. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has achieved good primary tumor control rates and overall survival.

Integrating visual assessments and quantification methods for tau PET staging.

Introduction: We compared visual assessments and quantification methods for tau positron emission tomography (PET) staging and evaluated plasma biomarkers and cognitive trajectories across amyloid and tau (AT) staging.

Methods: Tau PET scans from 289 Korea-Registries to Overcome Dementia and Accelerate Dementia Research (K-ROAD) participants were analyzed visually and quantitatively, with validation in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) cohort (n = 870). Plasma biomarkers and cognitive measures were evaluated across AT stages.

Effects of Oral Nutrition Supplementation with or Without Multi-Domain Intervention Program on Cognitive Function and Overall Health in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The global rise in dementia prevalence is escalating the socioeconomic burden, prompting efforts in prevention and treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week oral nutrition supplement (ONS) program with or without a multi-domain intervention program (MIP) in patients with mild cognitive impairment. : Forty-nine patients with mild cognitive impairment were divided into three groups: (1) ONS (ONS), (2) ONS+MIP (ONS+MIP), and (3) control (CON).

Whole-genome sequencing analyses suggest novel genetic factors associated with Alzheimer's disease and a cumulative effects model for risk liability.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on Alzheimer's disease (AD) have predominantly focused on identifying common variants in Europeans. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 1,559 individuals from a Korean AD cohort to identify various genetic variants and biomarkers associated with AD. Our GWAS analysis identified a previously unreported locus for common variants (APCDD1) associated with AD.

Tailoring thresholds for interpreting plasma p-tau217 levels.

Background: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) 217 test has emerged as a minimally invasive and accessible alternative to positron emission tomography imaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnostics. However, the diagnostic performance of p-tau217 across diverse cognitive and demographic subgroups remains underexplored. This multicentre cross-sectional study aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of plasma p-tau217 using a double cut-off approach in a large, diverse cohort, focusing on subgroup analyses based on cognitive status, age, sex, body mass index and ε4 carrier status.

HPDL Variant Type Correlates With Clinical Disease Onset and Severity.

Objective: Recently, a mitochondrial encephalopathy due to biallelic HPDL variants was described, associated with a broad range of clinical manifestations ranging from severe, infantile-onset neurodegeneration to adolescence-onset hereditary spastic paraplegia. HPDL converts 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate acid (4-HPPA) into 4-hydroxymandelate (4-HMA), necessary for the synthesis of the mitochondrial electron transporter CoQ10. This suggests a possible bypass of the metabolic block by 4-HMA treatment; however, genotype-phenotype correlations are lacking.

Development and evaluation of virtual simulation for smoking cessation counseling education program for nursing students.

Background: Smoking is still a one of the critical preventable factors for human health, Nurses are healthcare providers who can help patients quit smoking. The subject for Smoking cessation counseling is not routinely included in nursing curricula.

Methods: The purpose of this study was to develop a virtual simulation for smoking cessation counseling education for nursing students and to increase the motivation and competence of research participants in smoking cessation counseling intervention.

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Downstream Alzheimer Disease Plasma Biomarkers.

Importance: As amyloid-targeted therapies have become commercially available, the monitoring of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), which is an important risk factor for amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, has received increasing attention. However, comprehensive evidence on the association between Alzheimer disease (AD) plasma biomarkers and various CAA imaging markers is still lacking.

Objective: To examine the association of CAA imaging markers with downstream AD plasma biomarkers in relation to amyloid-β (Aβ) uptake on positron emission tomography (PET) and whether their interplay is associated with cognitive changes.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for early‑stage non‑small cell lung cancer: Comprehensive analysis of outcomes and recurrence from a single‑center experience.

This study aimed to analyze prognostic factors in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), focusing on symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP) and treatment failure patterns. This retrospective cohort study included 271 patients with early-stage NSCLC (276 lesions) treated with SBRT from May 2012 to January 2022. SBRT was administered according to standardized protocols with doses ranging from 28.

Reproducibility of Plasma Biomarker Measurements Across Laboratories: Insights Into ptau217, GFAP, and NfL.

Background And Purpose: Plasma biomarkers, including phosphorylated tau (ptau217), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL), are promising tools for detecting Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. However, cross-laboratory reproducibility remains a challenge, even when using identical analytical platforms such as single-molecule array (Simoa). This study aimed to compare plasma biomarker measurements (ptau217, GFAP, and NfL) between 2 laboratories, the University of Gothenburg (UGOT) and DNAlink, and evaluate their associations with amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.

PDK4 expression and tumor aggressiveness in prostate cancer.

Purpose: Prostate cancer ranks as the second most common cancer in men globally, representing a significant cause of cancer-related mortality. Metastasis, the spread of cancer cells from the primary site to distant organs, remains a major challenge in managing prostate cancer. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) is implicated in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis, emerging as a potential player in various cancers.

Registered clinical trial trends evolved differently in East Asia vs the United States during 2014-2023.

Objectives: East Asia, including China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan, has become a major hub for clinical trials. However, comprehensive comparisons between ClinicalTrials.gov and local registries remain limited.

Unrecognized Tuberculosis: Risk Factors for Smear-Positive/Cavitary Asymptomatic Cases.

Background: Screening patients with asymptomatic active tuberculosis (TB) is crucial as they can transmit the disease. Identifying the risk factors for transmission is essential for targeted screening. Understanding how the infectiousness of asymptomatic patients with TB affects disease outcomes is crucial for developing strategies to control TB spread.

Protic Stabilization Engenders High Energy Density and Long Cycle Life in Polyaniline-Zinc Supercapacitors.

The redox activities of polyaniline (PANI) are hindered by the instability of pernigraniline salt (PS) state which degrades into oligo-aniline. In this work, the use of protic additives is examined to mitigate capacity fading and increase utilization of PANI in nonaqueous electrolytes. The protic additive propylene glycol, with its hydrogen-bonding capabilities, stabilizes the PS PANI and promotes reversible redox reactions, facilitating high capacity and an extended cycle lifetime for applications in metal ion supercapacitors.

Effectiveness of nurse-initiated smoking cessation intervention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Smoking is a major preventable cause of death, associated with cancers and chronic diseases. Nurse-initiated smoking cessation programs have proven effective, providing counseling, education, and mental health support. These interventions increase quit rates by tackling nicotine addiction, emphasizing the important role of nurses and the need for targeted training.

Cross-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies implications of SORL1 in cerebral beta-amyloid deposition.

GWAS of Alzheimer's disease have been predominantly based on European ancestry cohorts with clinically diagnosed patients. Increasing the ancestral diversity of GWAS and focusing on imaging brain biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease may lead to the identification of new genetic loci. Here, we perform a GWAS on cerebral β-amyloid deposition measured by PET imaging in 3,885 East Asians and a cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis with data from 11,816 European participants.