Comparison of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and Surgery for Stage I Lung Cancer: A Multidisciplinary Cohort Study Utilizing Propensity Score Overlap Weighting and AI-Based CT Imaging Analysis.

With rising life expectancy and widespread lung cancer screening, early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) incidence has increased. While surgery is the standard treatment for operable stage I NSCLC, many patients are ineligible due to age or comorbidities. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has achieved good primary tumor control rates and overall survival.

Suprasellar Ectopic Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Misdiagnosed as Pineal Parenchymal Tumor: A Case Report.

We report a rare and diagnostically challenging case of a 39-year-old male patient who presented with symptoms of dizziness and headaches, without any focal neurological symptoms. Initial imaging studies suggested a germ cell tumor, and an endoscopic biopsy led to a preliminary diagnosis of a pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation. However, histological evaluation following surgical resection revealed the final diagnosis to be an ectopic pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET), a condition that is exceedingly rare.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy for early‑stage non‑small cell lung cancer: Comprehensive analysis of outcomes and recurrence from a single‑center experience.

This study aimed to analyze prognostic factors in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), focusing on symptomatic radiation pneumonitis (RP) and treatment failure patterns. This retrospective cohort study included 271 patients with early-stage NSCLC (276 lesions) treated with SBRT from May 2012 to January 2022. SBRT was administered according to standardized protocols with doses ranging from 28.

Outcomes of Donor/Recipient Size-mismatched Lung Transplantation.

Background: Donor/recipient (D/R) size matching is crucial to achieve proper organ allocation and outcome for lung transplantation (LT). However, studies in this regard have not shown consistent results. We analyzed the results of size-mismatched LT focusing on primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and survival.

Ultrasound-assisted one-pot cloud point extraction for spectrophotometric nitrate and nitrite determination in sausage products using Roxb. leaf extracts.

Nitrate and nitrite residues in food significantly impact human health. This paper developed a one-pot ultrasound-assisted cloud point extraction method for spectrophotometric nitrate and nitrite determination, utilizing an eco-friendly natural reagent consisting of Roxb. leaf extract as an alternative to -1-naphthyl ethylenediamine.

A facile smartphone-based digital image colorimetric sensor for the determination of tetracyclines in water using natural phenolic compounds induced to grow gold nanoparticles.

A cost-effective smartphone-based digital image colorimetric sensor was developed to determine tetracyclines by inducing growth of gold nanoparticles using naturally occurring phenolic compounds derived from para rubber tree bark waste. The green intensity of the purple-red product was measured using smartphone-based digital image analysis. Under optimal conditions, the calibration graph exhibited linearity within the range 0.

Patterns and preoperative risk factors of occult lymph node metastasis in clinical stage I lung cancer.

Objectives: To investigate the patterns and preoperative risk factors of occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) in patients with stage I lung cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients with clinical stage I lung cancer who underwent systematic lymph node dissection. OLNM frequency by lobe (upper/lower) and preoperative risk factors of OLNM were analyzed.

Molecular insight into cross-interaction between amyloid β isoforms and its effect on aggregation pathways.

The self-aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ) proteins has played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's diseases. Despite previous studies on the aggregation process of Aβ proteins, little is known about how the cross-interaction between Aβ isoforms affects the aggregation pathways and the resulting structures of Aβ aggregates. Here, we study the cross-interaction between Aβ40 and Aβ42 during their aggregation process by measuring the aggregation kinetics and the structures of Aβ aggregates under varied concentrations of Aβ isoform proteins in their mixture.

Deciphering the intratumoral histologic heterogeneity of lung adenocarcinoma using radiomics.

Objective: To discern highly aggressive intratumoral areas among lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and its impact on occult nodal metastases and the recurrence rate with radiomic analysis.

Methods: This prospective dual-institution study analyzed clinical information and high-resolution preoperative CT of 528 patients from institution A and 249 patients from institution B. We extracted radiomic features and performed pathologic evaluations for resected tumors, based on the 2020 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) classification.

Scalable and Durable Superhydrophobic Coating Using Shellac-Based Bioadhesive and Hierarchical Silica Nanoparticles.

Superhydrophobic coatings have broad applications across various fields but often face challenges, such as complexity, high cost, low mechanical/thermal stability, toxicity, and environmental hazards. In this study, we demonstrate a simple, scalable, eco-friendly, and durable spray-coating method using bioadhesive shellac and octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)-modified silica nanoparticles to create superhydrophobic surfaces. The silica nanoparticles impart superhydrophobicity by forming hierarchical micro/nanostructures and reducing surface free energy, while shellac ensures strong adhesion of the nanoparticles to a wide range of substrates, including nonwoven polypropylene fibers, glass, plastic, metal, wood, cotton, and concrete.

Liquid metal composite with carbon nanotubes for reliable interconnection between Pt electrodes.

We report a CNT/eGaIn composite that suppresses dissolutive wetting on platinum, maintaining interconnect stability for up to 30 days. Minimizing CNT aggregation prevents gallium penetration, enhancing the reliability of liquid metal components in electronics.

A Liquid Metal Balloon for the Exfoliation of an Ultrathin and Uniform Gallium Oxide Layer.

We report the exfoliation of ultrathin gallium oxide (GaO) films from liquid metal balloons, formed by injecting air into droplets of eutectic gallium-indium alloy (eGaIn). These GaO films enable the selective adsorption of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) dispersed in water, resulting in the formation of a dense, percolating CNT network on their surface. The self-assembled CNT network on GaO provides a versatile platform for device fabrication.

Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Osimertinib in Stage IA to IIIA, EGFR-Mutant NSCLC (NORA).

Introduction: Treatment with adjuvant osimertinib for three years is the standard-of-care for resected stage IB to IIIA NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations. The role of neoadjuvant osimertinib in the perioperative setting is yet to be elucidated in the NeoADAURA study (NCT04351555).

Methods: This is a single-center, pilot study of patients with clinical stage IA to IIIA NSCLC (American Joint Committee on Cancer eighth edition) harboring an activating EGFR mutation (Exon 19 deletion, L858R) (NCT04816838).

A conserved pilin from uncultured gut bacterial clade TANB77 enhances cancer immunotherapy.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a standard anti-cancer treatment, offering durable clinical benefits. However, the limited response rate of ICB necessitates biomarkers to predict and modulate the efficacy of the therapy. The gut microbiome's influence on ICB efficacy is of particular interest due to its modifiability through various interventions.

Comparative analysis of air permeability between UHPC and epoxy-coated normal concrete for hyperloop tube structures.

This study evaluates the air permeability of epoxy-coated normal concrete and ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) for use in Hyperloop tube structures, where maintaining ultra-low air permeability is crucial to preserving the vacuum environment. While UHPC is recognized for its exceptionally low permeability due to its dense microstructure, this research explores epoxy-coated conventional concrete as a cost-effective alternative. Using a vacuum-based permeability test simulating Hyperloop's near-vacuum conditions, the study found that epoxy-coated concrete significantly reduced air permeability compared to uncoated concrete, with specimens coated on both sides approaching near-zero permeability.

Comparison of high-flow nasal oxygenation and standard low-flow nasal oxygenation during rigid bronchoscopy: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: The efficacy of high-flow nasal oxygenation (HFNO) in improving oxygenation is influenced by several factors, and its effectiveness is not always guaranteed. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effects of HFNO and standard low-flow nasal oxygenation during rigid bronchoscopy in the apneic patients.

Methods: All patients were administered general anesthesia with full muscle relaxation and were randomly assigned to receive either HFNO (HFNO group) or standard low-flow oxygenation (Standard group).

Impact of artificial sweeteners and rare sugars on the gut microbiome.

Alternative sugars are often used as sugar substitutes because of their low calories and glycemic index. Recently, consumption of these sweeteners in diet foods and beverages has increased dramatically, raising concerns about their health effects. This review examines the types and characteristics of artificial sweeteners and rare sugars and analyzes their impact on the gut microbiome.

Commentary: Comparative Study of Indocyanine Green Intravenous Injection and the Inflation-Deflation Method for Assessing Resection Margins in Segmentectomy for Lung Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

See Article page 450.

Characterization of a unique pH-dependent amylosucrase from Deinococcus cellulosilyticus.

The amylosucrase (ASase, EC 2.4.1.

Detection of sulfur mustard simulant by trisaryl phosphoric triamide-based resin using a quartz crystal microbalance sensor.

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) pose a persistent threat to human safety, and bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, or sulfur mustard (SM) is one of the most dangerous substances and is able to cause serious harm. Detecting SM gas is vital, but current methods have high-temperature requirements and limited selectivity, mainly because of the lack of CWA receptor development, and this makes them challenging to use. To address this issue, we present a trisaryl phosphoric triamide-based resin receptor that preferentially interacts with a SM simulant 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) through dipole interactions.

Stereotypic T cell receptor clonotypes in the thymus and peripheral blood of Myasthenia gravis patients.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies frequently show hyperplastic thymi with ectopic germinal centers, where autoreactive B cells proliferate with the aid of T cells. In this study, thymus and peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from ten AChR antibody-positive MG patients. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and compared with that of an age and sex matched control group generated from a public database.

Computed Tomography Radiomics for Preoperative Prediction of Spread Through Air Spaces in the Early Stage of Surgically Resected Lung Adenocarcinomas.

Purpose: To assess the added value of radiomics models from preoperative chest CT in predicting the presence of spread through air spaces (STAS) in the early stage of surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas using multiple validation datasets.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 550 early-stage surgically resected lung adenocarcinomas in 521 patients, classified into training, test, internal validation, and temporal validation sets (n=211, 90, 91, and 158, respectively). Radiomics features were extracted from the segmented tumors on preoperative chest CT, and a radiomics score (Rad-score) was calculated to predict the presence of STAS.

Does the Surgical Approach Matter in Treating Odontoid Fractures? A Comparison of Mechanical Complication Rates Between Anterior Versus Posterior Surgical Approaches: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Objective: Odontoid fractures are treated surgically through the anterior or posterior approach. Each surgical approach has its advantages and disadvantages, so the preferred approach remains debatable. There are few meta-analyses or systemic reviews on the mechanical complications of surgical treatment for odontoid fractures.