Immediate versus staged complete revascularisation during index admission in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease (OPTION-STEMI): a multicentre, non-inferiority, open-label, randomised trial.

Background: The optimal timing of complete revascularisation for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and multivessel coronary artery disease remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether immediate complete revascularisation was non-inferior to staged complete revascularisation during the index admission.

Methods: We conducted an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial at 14 hospitals in South Korea.

Social cognition abilities in people with HIV: the role of stigma and other factors.

Social cognition refers to the ability to perceive social stimuli, interpret their meaning, and respond appropriately to navigate dynamic social environments, including various professional and personal relationships to secure interpersonal and external resources for effective social functioning. More basic, social cognition is the complicated ability to interact with others. Known to impact everyday functioning and quality of life, deficits in this essential ability have been well documented in schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, depression, and other mental health conditions.

The role of Ephexin1 in translation and mTOR-targeted cancer therapy.

Ephexin1, also known as neuronal guanine nucleotide exchange factor (NGEF), plays a key role in axon guidance and synaptic homeostasis. However, our recent studies have revealed a critical role for Ephexin1 in the pathogenesis of colon and lung cancers. Here we used multidisciplinary approaches to further explore the underlying mechanisms of Ephexin1 in cancer progression.

Executive Functioning Training for Reducing Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability in People Living with HIV: A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial Protocol.

Background And Purpose: Cognitive training programs have been attempted to improve cognition in cognitively vulnerable people living with HIV (PLWH). Some have attempted to improve episodic memory or speed of processing, while others have used an individualized cognitive domain approach targeting each person's cognitive deficits. Although effective, none of these approaches considered the influence of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV).

Hemoglobin as a pseudoperoxidase and drug target for oxidative stress-related diseases.

Hemoglobin (Hb) is well known for transporting oxygen in the blood, but its role in the brain remains poorly understood. Here, we identified Hb in the cytosol, mitochondria, and nuclei of hippocampal and substantia nigra astrocytes and dopaminergic neurons. As a pseudoperoxidase, Hb decomposes hydrogen peroxide (HO) and mitigates HO-induced oxidative damage.

A Brief Report of an Executive Functioning Training Pilot RCT in Adults with HIV: A Descriptive Case Comparison Study.

Background And Purpose: Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) refers to the fluctuations observed in cognitive performance. The aim of this article was to characterize and describe for illustrative purposes an approach to administer executive functioning training to people living with HIV (PLWH) to reduce their cognitive IIV. This brief report highlights four cases in an on-going study investigating cognitive IIV in HIV.

Hepatitis B virus reactivation in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Purpose: Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKis) are effective and well-tolerated treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). Here, we describe the clinical characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation in patients with hematological malignancies treated with BTKis.

Methods: Patients were required to have a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of CLL or MCL, receive at least one cycle of ibrutinib or zanubrutinib, and have either positive hepatitis B surface antigen or hepatitis B core antibody at diagnosis.

A comprehensive analysis of the role of stem cell transplantation in mantle cell lymphoma: real-world data from the Korean Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation registry: Stem cell transplantation outcomes in mantle cell lymphoma.

Purpose: Stem cell transplantation (SCT) has historically played a major role in the long-term remission of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), an incurable hematological malignancy. Using data from the Korean Society of Bone and Marrow Transplantation registry, we retrospectively analyzed the role of autologous (auto) and allogeneic (allo) SCT in long-term MCL survival.

Methods: This study analyzed data from 188 patients (age ≥ 19 years at the time of transplantation) who underwent a transplant for MCL from 2011 to 2020.

A trial-ready cohort for finding unmet needs and improving quality of life among patients with esophageal cancer: a multicenter prospective cohort study.

Although esophageal cancer survivors experience lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL), it is hard to provide proper supportive care due to difficulties to find potential target population. This study aims to develop a trial-ready cohort (TRC) to assess the unmet needs and HRQoL of survivors of esophageal cancer. This prospective, multicenter TRC study will include 600 patients diagnosed with primary esophageal cancer who have undergone curative treatment.

Effectiveness of prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy and risk factors of central nervous system relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia.

Central nervous system (CNS) relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is uncommon but associated with poor outcomes. This retrospective study analyzed 960 AML patients who underwent hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) at Asan Medical Center between 2000 and 2020 to assess the efficacy of prophylactic intrathecal chemotherapy. Per protocol, patients received up to four intrathecal methotrexate (MTX).

Silencing of Acyl-CoA Thioesterase 7 Inhibits Proliferation and Metastatic Potential in Colorectal Cancer Cells.

Background/aim: Acyl-CoA thioesterase 7 () has emerged as a candidate gene implicated in various malignancies. However, its functional relevance in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poorly understood.

Materials And Methods: To investigate the role of ACOT7 in CRC, we examined its expression in normal colon epithelial cells and a panel of CRC cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting.

Establishment of Human Lung Cancer Organoids Using Small Biopsy and Surgical Tissues.

Lung cancer is a highly diverse disease, and reliable preclinical models that accurately reflect tumor characteristics are essential for studying lung cancer biology and testing new therapies. This study aimed to establish patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) using small biopsy samples and surgical specimens to create a model system that preserves the genetic and histological features of the original tumors. PDTOs were generated from 163 lung cancer specimens, including 109 samples obtained using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) or bronchoscopy, 52 surgical specimens, and 2 pleural fluid samples.

Astrocytic gamma-aminobutyric acid dysregulation as a therapeutic target for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains a debilitating psychiatric condition with limited pharmacological treatment options. Identifying novel therapeutic targets is critical for addressing its unmet clinical needs. Through our comprehensive human clinical research, including both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, we revealed a compelling link between dysregulated prefrontal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels and PTSD symptoms.

Deep-Learning Model for Real-Time Prediction of Recurrence in Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multimodal Approach (RADAR CARE Study).

Purpose: The surveillance protocol for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is not contingent upon individualized risk factors for recurrence. This study aimed to use comprehensive data from clinical practice to develop a deep-learning model for practical longitudinal monitoring.

Methods: A multimodal deep-learning model with transformers was developed for real-time recurrence prediction using baseline clinical, pathological, and molecular data with longitudinal laboratory and radiologic data collected during surveillance.

Non-culprit Lesion Location and FFR-guided Revascularization in Acute Myocardial Infarction With Multivessel Disease: FRAME-AMI Substudy.

Background And Objectives: The prognosis of unrevascularized non-culprit lesions (NCLs) and the benefits of non-culprit percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) may depend on their functional significance and location in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and multivessel coronary disease (MVD). We investigated the differential outcomes of fractional flow reserve (FFR) versus angiography-guided PCI for NCL between the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and non-LAD arteries.

Methods: This was a prespecified post hoc analysis of the FRAME-AMI trial.

Comparable outcomes for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients receiving conditioning with total body irradiation or chemotherapy: A nationwide, Korean registry-based study.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the predominant malignancy in pediatric patients, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) plays a critical role in high-risk cases. However, real-world nationwide data comparing the outcomes of conditioning regimens are limited. This nationwide registry-based study analyzed data from 270 Korean pediatric patients with high-risk or relapsed ALL who underwent their first allogeneic HSCT with myeloablative conditioning.

Adjuvant pembrolizumab therapy for completely resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary or solid histological subtypes: a single-center, single-arm, phase 2 trial.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjuvant pembrolizumab in patients with completely resected stage I lung adenocarcinoma with micropapillary or solid-pattern (MPSOL).

Methods: This was a single-center, single-arm phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03254004).

A transdiagnostic approach to understanding neural responsivity to reward and its links to social motivation.

Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by social impairments. Social impairment also occurs in the general community. Across clinical and nonclinical groups social impairment may be related to deficits in social approach and/or social avoidance motivation.

Corticosteroid Therapy for Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage with Respiratory Failure in Hematologic Malignancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Although DAH in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients is commonly treated with systemic corticosteroids, the efficacy of steroid therapy on DAH with respiratory failure in hematologic malignancy patients has not been studied. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of steroid therapy in hematologic malignancy patients who developed DAH with respiratory failure and required treatment in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: Among DAH patients with leukemia, lymphoma, or multiple myeloma, those who were not admitted to the ICU were excluded.

Impact of tumor size by clinical N subclassification and histology in trimodality-treated N2 non-small cell lung cancer.

The evolving TNM classification has emphasized the tumor size's role in NSCLC prognosis, reclassifying stage IIIA patients from the previous edition as stage IIIB (T3-4N2M0, 8th edition). However, the prognostic implications of tumor size and survival in stage III NSCLC patients undergoing neoadjuvant therapy remain unexplored. Therefore, we investigated the association between tumor size and mortality in N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery (trimodality therapy), considering the number of metastatic N2 stations and histology.

Impact of Cytomegalovirus Reactivation Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation on the Relapse of Acute Leukemia.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a significant complication; however, its impact on relapse remains controversial.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical impact of CMV reactivation on relapse and survival after HCT in patients with acute leukemia.

Study Design: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1258 patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who underwent their first HCT between 2000 and 2020.

Association Between Time From Percutaneous Coronary Intervention to Cancer Surgery and Cardiovascular and Oncological Outcomes.

Background: Patients who undergo noncardiac surgery shortly after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) experience higher rates of perioperative ischemic events, but delaying surgery may affect disease staging and influence cancer recurrence. We aimed to evaluate the association between time from PCI to cancer surgery and cardiovascular and oncologic outcomes in patients with early-stage cancer.

Methods And Results: We included patients with early-stage cancer with a history of PCI who underwent cancer surgery (N=3621).

p53-binding Protein Inhibits Intracellular Reactive Oxygen Species by Increasing the Expression of Metallothioneins.

Background/aim: Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is essential for normal cell function and signaling, can induce oxidative stress that leads to cellular damage and various diseases, including cancer, thereby underscoring the crucial role of intracellular antioxidant systems in maintaining ROS balance. The p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) is a key regulator of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, however, its role in ROS regulation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of 53BP1 in ROS homeostasis and its potential impact on oxidative stress regulation.

Therapeutic Effect of Lymph Node Dissection After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Therapy Followed by Esophagectomy on Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Using the Efficacy Index.

Background: The effect of lymph node (LN) dissection on the overall survival of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT) followed by esophagectomy has been controversial. This study investigated the patterns of metastatic LNs after nCRT and the benefits of LN dissection using the efficacy index (EI).

Methods: The EI was calculated by multiplying the frequency (%) of metastases to a zone and the 5-year overall survival rate (%) of patients with metastases to that zone and then dividing by 100.