Do different factors affect anxiety in persons with dementia based on their cognitive status?

While various factors can trigger anxiety in persons with dementia, there is limited information on whether these factors vary based on cognitive status. Therefore, this study aimed to examine factors associated with anxiety in persons with dementia by their cognitive status. Using data from the Round 12 of the NHATS, 1040 older adults were categorized into those with possible or probable dementia.

Establishment of Human Lung Cancer Organoids Using Small Biopsy and Surgical Tissues.

Lung cancer is a highly diverse disease, and reliable preclinical models that accurately reflect tumor characteristics are essential for studying lung cancer biology and testing new therapies. This study aimed to establish patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) using small biopsy samples and surgical specimens to create a model system that preserves the genetic and histological features of the original tumors. PDTOs were generated from 163 lung cancer specimens, including 109 samples obtained using endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) or bronchoscopy, 52 surgical specimens, and 2 pleural fluid samples.

Plasma GFAP and Amyloid Pathology Predict Cognitive Response to Multidomain Interventions in MCI.

There is limited evidence on which biological markers can predict the effectiveness of interventions in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, particularly in relation to amyloid pathology. This study aims to investigate whether plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels can serve as a predictive biomarker for short-term cognitive response to multidomain interventions in elderly individuals with MCI, stratified by probable amyloid-β plaque deposition. In this 24-week multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT; SUPERBRAIN-MEET), 300 elderly participants with MCI were enrolled.

Effects of Shoe-Attached Location-Tracking Devices on People with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers: A Pilot Study.

Objectives: Wandering is common in people with memory impairment and increases caregivers' stress and burden. Given that people wear shoes when going out, this study aimed to apply a shoe-attached location-tracking device to individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and evaluate their effectiveness.

Methods: Participants were 23 dyads, including a person with MCI and a family caregiver.

Effectiveness of game-based digital intervention for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis using Beard and Wilson's conceptualization of perception in experiential learning.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects 8% of children worldwide, making it one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders. Traditional treatments, such as pharmacological and behavioral therapies, often have limitations. This study examined the effects of game-based digital interventions on specific cognitive and behavioral functions in children with ADHD, guided by experiential learning theory (ELT).

Comparison of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 in predicting amyloid positivity and prognosis among Korean memory clinic patients.

We investigated plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p-tau217) and p-tau181 efficacy in predicting positive amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results and cognitive stage transitions. Plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 were measured in participants who were cognitively unimpaired (CU, n = 121), had mild cognitive impairment (n = 102), or dementia (n = 75) from two independent cohorts (Cohort 1: KBASE-V and Cohort 2: Asan) who underwent amyloid PET. In Cohort 1, plasma p-tau217 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.

Associations between social frailty, use of digital device and depression among community-dwelling older adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.

Aim: Social frailty is prevalent among community-dwelling older adults, and it is a leading factor associated with depression in this population. Digital devices can provide opportunities to engage in social or recreational activities, helping to reduce depression in older adults, regardless of their level of social frailty. However, little is known about which specific activities older adults engage in with such devices can lower depression.

Cross-cultural validation of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 as precision biomarkers for amyloid PET positivity: An East Asian study in Taiwan and Korea.

Introduction: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers have improved Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, but data from diverse Asian populations are limited. This study evaluated plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 levels in Korean and Taiwanese populations.

Methods: All participants (n = 270) underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and blood tests.

Association between osteoporosis and the rate of telomere shortening.

A shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is reported to be associated with age-related diseases, including osteoporosis. Many studies have tried identifying the association between LTL and osteoporosis, although it remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether osteoporosis is independently associated with LTL shortening in a prospective longitudinal cohort.

An Integrative Review of the Feasibility and Effects of the Use of Location-Tracking Devices by Persons Living With Cognitive Impairment.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of location-tracking devices on persons living with cognitive impairment, investigate facilitators of and barriers to using the devices, and provide future directions for the use of the devices.

Methods: An integrative review was conducted using 5 databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. From the 1429 initially identified studies, 10 were included in the review.

Effect of body mass index on complications following total shoulder arthroplasty: a population-wide analysis.

Background: Evidence regarding the effect of body mass index (BMI) on complications following anatomic shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) and reverse shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) remains controversial. This high-powered study examines the effect of BMI on surgical and medical complications following aTSA and rTSA.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Premier Healthcare Database to query all adult patients who underwent primary, elective TSA (aTSA, rTSA) from 2016 to 2020.

Characteristics of Femoral Shaft Fractures That Predict Ipsilateral Femoral Neck Fractures.

Introduction: This study aims to characterize radiographic features and fracture characteristics in femoral shaft fractures with associated femoral neck fractures, with the goal of establishing predictive indicators for the presence of ipsilateral femoral neck fractures (IFNFs).

Methods: A retrospective cohort was collected from the electronic medical record of three level I trauma centers over a 5-year period (2017 to 2022) by current procedural terminology (CPT) codes. Current CPT codes for combined femoral shaft and IFNFs were identified to generate our study group.

Reporting Bias is Highly Prevalent in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Platelet Rich Plasma Injections for Hip Osteoarthritis.

Purpose: To describe the incidence and types of spin in systematic reviews of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for hip osteoarthritis (OA) and to determine whether patterns in study characteristics could be identified among studies with identifiable spin.

Methods: The PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases were queried. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews or meta-analyses that included an assessment of intra-articular PRP injections as a stand-alone treatment for hip OA.

Reporting Bias in the Form of Positive Spin Is Highly Prevalent in Abstracts of Systematic Reviews on Primary Repair of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament.

Purpose: To analyze reporting bias in the form of spin present in systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the topic of primary anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed throughout this study. Peer-reviewed systematic reviews were collected from 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus), and their abstracts were assessed for the 15 most common types of spin.

Evaluation of spin in systematic reviews on the use of tendon transfer for massive irreparable rotator cuff tears.

Purpose: To identify, describe and account for the incidence of spin in systematic reviews and meta-analyses of tendon transfer for the treatment of massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears. The secondary objective was to characterize the studies in which spin was identified and to determine whether identifiable patterns exist among studies with spin.

Methods: This study was conducted per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Harms reporting in randomized controlled trials underpinning the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for glenohumeral osteoarthritis.

Background: Glenohumeral osteoarthritis is one of the most common causes of shoulder pain. As such, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) has developed clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) to address the management of glenohumeral osteoarthritis. These CPG recommendations stem from the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), which have been shown to influence clinical decision making and health policy.

Volume, indications, and number of surgeons performing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty continue to expand: a nationwide cohort analysis from 2016-2020.

Background: Since its approval, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) has continued to increase in usage, with expanding indications beyond rotator cuff arthropathy. Existing literature has captured further increased utilization over the last decade through 2017. However, this data has not been updated to include a contemporary cohort of patients.

Immune Regulatory Function of Cancer- Associated Fibroblasts in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are key components of the tumor microenvironment and significantly contribute to immune evasion. We investigated the effects of CAFs on the immune function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We isolated CAFs and normal fibroblasts (NFs) from tumors and normal lung tissues of NSCLC patients, respectively.

Evaluation of Spin in the Clinical Literature of Suture Tape Augmentation for Ankle Instability.

Background: Spin is defined as the use of specific reporting strategies to highlight the beneficial effect of a treatment despite nonsignificant results. The presence of spin in peer-reviewed literature can negatively impact clinical and research practices. The purpose of this study was to identify the quantity and types of spin present in primary studies and systematic reviews using suture tape augmentation for ankle instability as a model.

Inhibition of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation/Assembly through the Activation of the PI3K Pathway by Naloxone Protects Neural Stem Cells from Ischemic Condition.

Naloxone is a well-known opioid antagonist and has been suggested to have neuroprotective effects in cerebral ischemia. We investigated whether naloxone exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in neural stem cells (NSCs) injured by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), whether it affects the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation/assembly, and whether the role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is important in the control of NLRP3 inflammasome activation/assembly by naloxone. Primary cultured NSCs were subjected to OGD and treated with different concentrations of naloxone.

Evaluation of Spin in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques and Standard Microdiscectomies for Treating Lumbar Disc Herniation.

Study Design: Systematic review.

Objectives: Spin in scientific literature is defined as bias that overstates efficacy and/or underestimates harms of procedures undergoing review. While lumbar microdiscectomies (MD) are considered the gold standard for treating lumbar disc herniations (LDH), outcomes of novel procedures are being weighed against open MD.

Differential expression of aqueous humor microRNAs in central retinal vein occlusion and its association with matrix metalloproteinases: a pilot study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the aqueous humor (AH) of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), and their association with AH matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Eighteen subjects, including 10 treatment naïve patients with CRVO and 8 control subjects, scheduled for intravitreal injection and cataract surgery, respectively, were included. AH samples were collected at the beginning of the procedure.