Nationwide Survey on the Awareness of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background And Purpose: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), particularly due to Alzheimer's disease (AD), is an important stage for early intervention. We aim to assess awareness among the general population of MCI and AD, and evaluate their willingness to pay for treatment that delays the progression to dementia.

Methods: A nationwide cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted from August 29 to 31, 2022, targeting adults aged ≥18 years in the Republic of Korea.

Standardized Procedures for Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Collection and Storage in Neurodegenerative Biomarker Research: A Comprehensive Review.

Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are essential tools for the rapid diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, even minor variations in sample collection and storage procedures can significantly impact biomarker measurements, emphasizing the importance of standardized operating procedures. This review discusses the main pre-analytical factors that influence biomarker stability, outlines the best practices for blood and CSF collection and storage, and extensively analyzes recent research findings to ensure optimal reproducibility in biomarker studies.

Plasma GFAP and Amyloid Pathology Predict Cognitive Response to Multidomain Interventions in MCI.

There is limited evidence on which biological markers can predict the effectiveness of interventions in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, particularly in relation to amyloid pathology. This study aims to investigate whether plasma glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels can serve as a predictive biomarker for short-term cognitive response to multidomain interventions in elderly individuals with MCI, stratified by probable amyloid-β plaque deposition. In this 24-week multicenter randomized controlled trial (RCT; SUPERBRAIN-MEET), 300 elderly participants with MCI were enrolled.

Biomarkers and therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: current status and future directions.

Recent advances in our understanding of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) have highlighted microglial dysfunction as a core driver of disease progression. Conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) share features of impaired microglial phagocytosis, chronic neuroinflammation, and metabolic dysregulation. These insights have prompted new therapeutic strategies targeting microglial function and emphasized the need for reliable biomarkers to monitor disease progression and treatment response.

Comparison of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 in predicting amyloid positivity and prognosis among Korean memory clinic patients.

We investigated plasma phosphorylated tau217 (p-tau217) and p-tau181 efficacy in predicting positive amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) results and cognitive stage transitions. Plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 were measured in participants who were cognitively unimpaired (CU, n = 121), had mild cognitive impairment (n = 102), or dementia (n = 75) from two independent cohorts (Cohort 1: KBASE-V and Cohort 2: Asan) who underwent amyloid PET. In Cohort 1, plasma p-tau217 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.

Cross-cultural validation of plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 as precision biomarkers for amyloid PET positivity: An East Asian study in Taiwan and Korea.

Introduction: Plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau) biomarkers have improved Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, but data from diverse Asian populations are limited. This study evaluated plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 levels in Korean and Taiwanese populations.

Methods: All participants (n = 270) underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) and blood tests.

Rationale and design of the efficacy and safety of combination of cilostazol and gingko biloba extract EGb 761 in patients with acute non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke (RENEW): A pilot and feasibility randomized controlled trial.

Background: Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel is the standard treatment for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Cilostazol has emerged as a safe alternative with pleiotropic effects that prevent stroke without increasing the risk of bleeding and has been shown to reduce neurological deterioration (ND) in the acute phase. Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) has also been reported to improve neurological impairment following AIS.

Revolutionizing Alzheimer's Diagnosis and Management: The Dawn of Biomarker-Based Precision Medicine.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia, presents a formidable global health challenge intensified by the aging population. This review encapsulates the evolving landscape of AD diagnosis and treatment with a special focus on the innovative role of fluid biomarkers. Pathologically, AD is marked by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated tau, which lead to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline.

Association between osteoporosis and the rate of telomere shortening.

A shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is reported to be associated with age-related diseases, including osteoporosis. Many studies have tried identifying the association between LTL and osteoporosis, although it remains controversial. This study aimed to determine whether osteoporosis is independently associated with LTL shortening in a prospective longitudinal cohort.

Hypointense signal lesion on susceptibility-weighted imaging as a potential indicator of vertebral artery dissection in medullary infarction.

Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is often associated with medullary infarction; however, an underlying cause may be underestimated. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of hypointense signal lesions along the arterial pathways using susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) as a feasible indicator of VAD in medullary infarction. A retrospective analysis was conducted using clinical data, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography records of 79 patients diagnosed with medullary infarction between January 2014 and December 2021.

GV1001 reduces neurodegeneration and prolongs lifespan in 3xTg-AD mouse model through anti-aging effects.

GV1001, which mimics the activity of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, protects neural cells from amyloid beta (Aβ) toxicity and other stressors through extra-telomeric function, as noted in our prior studies. As per a recent phase II clinical trial, it improves cognitive function in patients with moderate to severe dementia. However, the underlying protective mechanisms remain unclear.

Predicting amyloid PET positivity using plasma p-tau181 and other blood-based biomarkers.

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the efficacy of combining plasma phosphorylated tau (p-tau)181, amyloid beta (Aβ)42/Aβ40, neurofilament light (NfL), and apolipoprotein E () genotypes for detecting positive amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), which is little known in the Asian population, in two independent cohorts.

Methods: Biomarkers were measured using a single-molecule array (Simoa) in a cohort study (Asan). All participants underwent amyloid PET.

GV1001 modulates neuroinflammation and improves memory and behavior through the activation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors in a triple transgenic Alzheimer's disease mouse model.

GV1001 protects neural cells from amyloid-β (Aβ) toxicity and other stressors in in vitro studies and demonstrates clinically beneficial effects in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of GV1001 in triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice. We found that GV1001 improved memory and cognition in middle- and old-aged 3xTg-AD mice.

Gout and the Prevalence of Dementia: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Background: Hyperuricemia in patients with gout is associated with a low risk of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia. However, the prevalence of dementia in patients with gout has not yet been reported.

Objective: To analyze the prevalence of dementia among patients diagnosed with gout by utilizing the Health Insurance and Review Assessment database, a nationwide registry of the South Korean population.

Effects of GV1001 on Language Dysfunction in Patients With Moderate-to-Severe Alzheimer's Disease: Analysis of Severe Impairment Battery Subscales.

Background And Purpose: The efficacy and safety of GV1001 have been demonstrated in patients with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we aimed to further demonstrate the effectiveness of GV1001 using subscales of the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB), which is a validated measure to assess cognitive function in patients with moderate-to-severe AD.

Methods: We performed a analysis of data from a 6 month, multicenter, phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with GV1001 (ClinicalTrials.

Predicting cognitive stage transition using p-tau181, Centiloid, and other measures.

Background: A combination of plasma phospho-tau (p-tau), amyloid beta (Aβ)-positron emission tomography (PET), brain magnetic resonance imaging, cognitive function tests, and other biomarkers might predict future cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of combining these biomarkers in predicting future cognitive stage transitions within 3 years.

Methods: Among the participants in the Korean Brain Aging Study for the Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer's Disease (KBASE-V) study, 49 mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 113 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants with Aβ-PET and brain imaging data were analyzed.

Long Sleep Duration and Dissatisfaction with Sleep Quality Are Associated with Ischemic Stroke in Young Patients.

Introduction: Suboptimal sleep duration and poor sleep quality have been proposed to increase stroke risk. However, their significance in young ischemic stroke is unclear. We aimed to investigate the importance of sleep duration and quality on young ischemic stroke patients.