Social cognition abilities in people with HIV: the role of stigma and other factors.

Social cognition refers to the ability to perceive social stimuli, interpret their meaning, and respond appropriately to navigate dynamic social environments, including various professional and personal relationships to secure interpersonal and external resources for effective social functioning. More basic, social cognition is the complicated ability to interact with others. Known to impact everyday functioning and quality of life, deficits in this essential ability have been well documented in schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, depression, and other mental health conditions.

Executive Functioning Training for Reducing Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability in People Living with HIV: A Pilot Randomized, Controlled Trial Protocol.

Background And Purpose: Cognitive training programs have been attempted to improve cognition in cognitively vulnerable people living with HIV (PLWH). Some have attempted to improve episodic memory or speed of processing, while others have used an individualized cognitive domain approach targeting each person's cognitive deficits. Although effective, none of these approaches considered the influence of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV).

A Brief Report of an Executive Functioning Training Pilot RCT in Adults with HIV: A Descriptive Case Comparison Study.

Background And Purpose: Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) refers to the fluctuations observed in cognitive performance. The aim of this article was to characterize and describe for illustrative purposes an approach to administer executive functioning training to people living with HIV (PLWH) to reduce their cognitive IIV. This brief report highlights four cases in an on-going study investigating cognitive IIV in HIV.

Exploring Differences in Blood Product Administration by Patient Age and Injury Severity.

Introduction: Trauma-related hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Current resuscitation guidelines are based largely on data from younger and middle-aged adults, while influencing practice for adults of all ages. We examined age-related differences in blood product administration among individuals predicted to receive massive transfusions for the treatment of trauma-related hemorrhage.

Cognitive predictors of everyday functioning in women with HIV: findings from the women's interagency HIV study.

Background: As the number of older people with HIV is expected to grow and experience age-related cognitive declines, concerns mount that such existing cognitive impairments may become exacerbated in already cognitively vulnerable subgroups such as women with HIV. These cognitive impairments can develop into everyday functional impairment in either basic or instrumental activities of daily living.

Methods: In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we examined the association between objective cognitive test performance and the self-rated Lawton and Brody scale of Independent Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in 754 older (50+) women with HIV (WWH; 84% virally suppressed).

An Examination of Acoustic Neuroprotection in the Neonate: A Systematic Review.

Background: Hearing loss in neonates is more than 100 times that of the general pediatric population. Research suggests that there is a large amount of toxic noise exposure for these neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit and in the transport environments. Thus, acoustic neuroprotection, or auditory protection and support of neurodevelopment, is an important concept, particularly for neonates.

Cognitive Predictors of Everyday Functioning in Older Virally Suppressed Women with HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study.

In the Women's Interagency HIV Study, we examined the association between objective cognitive test performance and the self-rated Lawton and Brody scale of Independent Activities of Daily Living (IADL) in 754 older (50+) women with HIV (WWH; 84% virally suppressed). To handle this longitudinal data, weighted logistic mixed effect models examined associations between cognitive domain performance (predictor) and functional outcomes (IADL item level scores). In the total sample, poorer motor performance was associated with impairments in , , and and poorer executive functioning was associated with impairment in .

Healthy Diet Consumption Among Chronic Pain Populations: A Concept Analysis.

Purpose: Given emerging evidence that healthy dietary interventions are effective long-term strategies for managing chronic pain, this review aimed to define, elucidate, and describe the concept of a healthy diet in the context of chronic pain populations.

Design: We used Walker and Avant's concept analysis method.

Method: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Plus with full-text, and PsycINFO databases were searched to identify relevant peer-reviewed primary articles on diet and chronic pain, published from June 2013 to June 2024.

Prolonged nightly fasting in older adults with memory decline: A single-group pilot study exploring changes in cognitive function and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Introduction: Older age significantly increases risk for cognitive decline. A growing number of older adults (≥ 65 years) experience cognitive decline that compromises immediate and/or long-term health. Interventions to mitigate cognitive decline are greatly needed.

Health impacts of a remotely delivered prolonged nightly fasting intervention in stressed adults with memory decline and obesity: A nationwide randomized controlled pilot trial.

Objective/goals: Cognitive decline is intricately linked to various factors such as obesity, stress, poor sleep, and circadian rhythm misalignment, which are interrelated in their impact on cognitive health. Irregular food-intake timing further compounds these issues. The practice of prolonged nightly fasting (PNF) may help synchronize food intake with circadian rhythms, potentially mitigating adverse effects of cognitive decline and associated factors.

Social Determinants of Health and Cross-Sectional Cognitive Intra-Individual Variability in Adults from the Deep South Living with HIV.

Cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) is a sensitive marker of neuropathology and is increased in people with HIV (PWH). In a sample of PWH from the United States Deep South, we examined the relationship of cognitive IIV with cognitive impairment and social determinants of health (SDoH). This secondary analysis included 131 PWH from a larger cognitive training protocol.

Examining objective and subjective sleep measures and neurocognition in older adults with HIV: A cross-sectional study in the deep South.

As people live longer with HIV, reports of poor sleep and neurocognitive impairments are expected to increase. Poor sleep and neurocognitive impairments commonly occur in people living with HIV (PLWH) and some medications (e.g.

Does cognitive intra-individual variability predict change in everyday functioning performance in women with and without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study?

This study examined the association between cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV), a non-mean-based indicator of underlying neuropathology, and self-reported everyday functioning of 1,086 women with HIV (WWH) and 494 socio-demographically similar women without HIV (WWoH). Objective cognitive performance across seven domains and the self-rated Lawton & Brody scale of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) were assessed among participants of the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Two types of cognitive IIV were calculated by taking the standard deviation across seven cognitive domains to calculate dispersion: 1) intra-individual standard deviation (denoted as IIV) and 2) coefficient of variation (denoted as IIV).

Exploring social determinants of health on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy severity in ovarian cancer: An integrative review.

Ovarian cancer remains a significant public health concern for women despite advancements in cancer management. Despite comprising only 2.5 % of cancers in women, ovarian cancer ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, with patients frequently receiving late diagnoses.

Understanding the psychosocial context of employment and occupational productivity among women living with HIV: A mixed-methods study.

Background: Women living with HIV (WLHIV) are particularly vulnerable to poor employment outcomes, impacting their socioeconomic independence and personal sense of empowerment.

Objective: This article presents the results of a mixed methods study, which examined the personal, clinical, and socioeconomic contexts associated with employment and occupational productivity among employed WLHIV ( = 164) in the Southern United States.

Methods: The Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6 was used to assess the perceived impact of HIV disease on the ability to maintain focus and complete tasks at work.

The Unique Challenges of Older Informal Caregivers Living With HIV in the U.S. Deep South: A Qualitative Study.

As people with HIV live longer and healthier, it has become more likely that they will assume a caregiver role for their families and/or friends. Yet, there is a significant gap in the literature that older caregivers with HIV (OCWH) have not received attention from practitioners and researchers. To fill the gap, our qualitative study was conducted with OCWH ( N = 19) to explore various themes such as adjustment to caregiving, caregiving responsibilities, HIV and other health issues, support systems, caregiving outcomes, needs assessment, cognitive health, and the impact of COVID-19.

Select Dietary Components Are Associated With Better Global Cognition in U.S. Adults With HIV: A Pilot Study.

People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk for cognitive impairment. Lifestyle factors can have protective effects on cognition; little work has examined diet and cognitive function in PWH. In this cross-sectional pilot study, 86 PWH (mean age 56 years) completed diet recalls and a neurocognitive assessment.

Self-Esteem Among U.S. African American and Latinx Adolescents With Depressive Symptoms and Overweight and/or Obesity.

Purpose: To examine the concept of self-esteem among African American and Latinx adolescents with overweight and/or obesity and depressive symptoms in the United States.

Method: Using key terms in CINAHL, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases, an initial search yielded 371 articles; after examining title, abstract, and full text, 33 articles remained. The concept of adolescent self-esteem was analyzed using Rodger's evolutionary method.

HIV PrEP Coverage Among Black Adults: A Concept Analysis of the Inequities, Disparities, and Implications.

Background: Significant racial disparities exist in HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) coverage in the United States (U.S), with Black individuals experiencing seven times higher new HIV infection rates compared to their White counterparts. Despite being the highest priority population at risk for HIV, Black adults have the lowest PrEP coverage, impacting the overall progress toward meeting the ending the HIV epidemic (EHE) goals in the U.