Factors associated with the use of combined nutritional complementary and alternative medicine among southern US older adults: results from the study of aging II.

Background: Older adults use nutritional complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to reduce the risk of (or treat) non-communicable conditions and diet deficiencies. While prior research has explored the individual use of dietary supplements, vitamins, and minerals among older adults, few studies have examined factors influencing the combined use of these modalities, especially among Southern, older adults in the United States.

Methods: Data were extracted from 419 participants from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging II, a population-based longitudinal study of mobility among community-dwelling older adults.

Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in People Living with HIV.

Studies estimating the associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) with cardiometabolic risk factors and related conditions among people living with HIV (PWH) are limited. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2007-08 through 2017-18 cycles) ( = 23,810) includes 125 PWH (representing 742,174 PWH). Adults were classified based on life epoch: emerging (18-29 yrs), early (30-44 yrs) and middle (45-59 yrs) adulthood.

Nicotinamide riboside combined with exercise to treat hypertension in middle-aged and older adults: a pilot randomized clinical trial.

Aerobic exercise lowers blood pressure (BP) with varying effects in hypertensive adults, potentially due to age-related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism dysregulation. This pilot randomized clinical trial (RCT) tested the efficacy of combining aerobic exercise with the NAD booster nicotinamide riboside (NR) to enhance BP control. In this double-blinded RCT, 54 sedentary adults (≥ 55 years) with mean daytime systolic BP (SBP) ≥ 130 mmHg were randomized to 6 weeks of 1000 mg/day of NR combined with 3 days/week of supervised 30-min walking exercise (NR + Ex), Placebo combined with the same exercise regimen (PL + Ex), or NR alone (NR).

The role of adipose tissue in critical illness-induced skeletal muscle wasting-new considerations for treatment approaches.

Critical illness-induced muscle wasting is associated with poor in-hospital and long-term outcomes, but prevention strategies are lacking. Critical illness elicits muscle wasting through upregulation of protein degradation and downregulation of protein synthesis via primary (i.e.

Differences in Physical Activity, Physical Function, and Diet Intake, in Men and Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Our study aimed to characterize physical activity, diet quality, and physical function among people with HIV (PWH) and to assess differences by sex. A total of 706 PWH completed measurements of physical activity (actigraphy accelerometers), diet quality (24-hr recalls), handgrip strength, and physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery). Most participants were male, Black, and employed.

The lipid research clinics physical activity questionnaire does not accurately measure physical activity in people with HIV.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the agreement between self-reported physical activity (PA) levels, as measured by the Lipid Research Clinics Physical Activity Questionnaire (LRCQ), and objective measures obtained through actigraphy in people with HIV.

Methods: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the 130 people with HIV who completed the LRCQ and wore an actigraphy device for 7-10 days. The agreement between the LRCQ and actigraphy was assessed using various interrater agreement metrics, including Cohen's kappa and percentage agreement.

Cardiometabolic disease among frailty phenotype clusters in adults aging with HIV.

Background: Age-related morbidity, including frailty and cardiometabolic disease has become increasingly prevalent among people living with HIV (PWH), and each frailty characteristic may, independently and synergistically, play a role in cardiometabolic disease.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of unique frailty clusters and the prevalence ratios of cardiometabolic diseases within frailty clusters among a large diverse cohort of PWH in clinical care.

Design: Cross-sectional analyses within longitudinal clinical cohort.

Abdominal adiposity is negatively associated with physical function among people with HIV.

Objective: To examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI), abdominal adiposity, handgrip strength and physical function in people with HIV (PWH), and to explore the potential influence of physical activity and diet on this relationship.

Design: Cross-sectional analyses.

Methods: The PROSPER-HIV Study was conducted at four clinical sites across the United States.

Differences in natriuretic peptide response in self-identified white and black individuals: a physiological clinical trial.

Black individuals have lower plasma natriuretic peptide (NP) concentrations than white individuals. However, race-based differences in the NP response to physiological perturbations are unknown. In this physiological trial (NCT#03070184), we measured the NP [mid-regional atrial NP (MR-proANP), N-terminal pro-B-type NP (NT-proBNP), and BNP] response to physiological perturbations among healthy, self-identified Black and white participants aged 18-40 years.

The potential impact of exercise on affect and neuroinflammation in older adults living with fibromyalgia: a scoping review.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a widespread chronic pain condition with prevalence increasing in older adults. Older adults living with FM experience longer pain symptom durations that can negatively impact their quality of life. Affect and neuroinflammation are potential factors that can exacerbate pain symptoms.

Low food security is associated with frailty status and frailty components among people with HIV.

Background: Low food security is common among people with HIV (PWH) and is associated with poorer health outcomes. Frailty, an aging-related outcome that is increasingly prevalent among PWH, may be stimulated by low food security. We assessed associations between food security and frailty among PWH.

Select Dietary Components Are Associated With Better Global Cognition in U.S. Adults With HIV: A Pilot Study.

People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk for cognitive impairment. Lifestyle factors can have protective effects on cognition; little work has examined diet and cognitive function in PWH. In this cross-sectional pilot study, 86 PWH (mean age 56 years) completed diet recalls and a neurocognitive assessment.

Effects of resveratrol on changes in trimethylamine-N-oxide and circulating cardiovascular factors following exercise training among older adults.

Purpose: Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut-derived metabolite associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). In preclinical and observational studies, resveratrol and exercise training have been suggested as potential strategies to reduce the systemic levels of TMAO. However, evidence from experimental studies in humans remains unknown.

Aging amplifies a gut microbiota immunogenic signature linked to heightened inflammation.

Aging is associated with low-grade inflammation that increases the risk of infection and disease, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Gut microbiota composition shifts with age, harboring microbes with varied immunogenic capacities. We hypothesized the gut microbiota acts as an active driver of low-grade inflammation during aging.

Differentially co-expressed myofibre transcripts associated with abnormal myofibre proportion in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Alterations in skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain expression, with reduced type I and increased type II myosin heavy chain expression, are associated with COPD severity when studied in largely male cohorts. The objectives of this study were (1) to define an abnormal myofibre proportion phenotype in both males and females with COPD and (2) to identify transcripts and transcriptional networks associated with abnormal myofibre proportion in COPD.

Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC): human studies design and protocol.

Physical activity, including structured exercise, is associated with favorable health-related chronic disease outcomes. Although there is evidence of various molecular pathways that affect these responses, a comprehensive molecular map of these molecular responses to exercise has not been developed. The Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) is a multicenter study designed to isolate the effects of structured exercise training on the molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of exercise and physical activity.

Brief Report: Relationship Between Adiposity and Biomarkers of Aging and Frailty Among Adults Aging With HIV.

Background: This study examined the relationships among adiposity, handgrip, physical function, inflammation (ie, senescence-associated secretory phenotype chemokines as biomarkers of aging and frailty), and sex hormones in aging people with HIV.

Methods: This cross-sectional exploratory study included 150 people with HIV aged ≥40 years (67.3% of participants were male).

Greater socioenvironmental risk factors and higher chronic pain stage are associated with thinner bilateral temporal lobes.

Introduction: Previous research indicates ethnic/race group differences in pain and neurodegenerative diseases. Accounting for socioenvironmental factors reduces ethnic/race group differences in clinical and experimental pain. In the current study sample, we previously reported that in individuals with knee pain, ethnic/race group differences were observed in bilateral temporal lobe thickness, areas of the brain associated with risk for Alzheimer's disease, and related dementias.