Differences in Physical Activity, Physical Function, and Diet Intake, in Men and Women Living With HIV in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Our study aimed to characterize physical activity, diet quality, and physical function among people with HIV (PWH) and to assess differences by sex. A total of 706 PWH completed measurements of physical activity (actigraphy accelerometers), diet quality (24-hr recalls), handgrip strength, and physical function (Short Physical Performance Battery). Most participants were male, Black, and employed.

Surgical outcomes of the reinforced Ross procedure in the pediatric population.

Objective: External reinforcement of the Ross autograft is well described in adults. However, this technique is poorly studied in pediatric patients, and indications are not strictly defined. We aim to describe our institutions experience with external Ross reinforcement in pediatric patients.

Treatment of Presumptive Rejection After Orthotopic Pig-to-Baboon Cardiac Xenotransplantation.

Background: Significant progress has been made in the long-term survival of non-human primates after orthotopic gene-edited pig cardiac xenotransplantation. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports of the successful reversal of an acute rejection episode in such an experiment. We present evidence suggesting that rejection can be reversed with corticosteroids and complement inhibition.

Cell Contractile Force-Mediated Morphodynamical Tissue Engineering via 4D Printed Degradable Hydrogel Scaffolds.

Tissue morphogenesis is a critical aspect tissue development. Recent advances in four-dimensional (4D) cell scaffolds have shown promise for modeling morphogenic processes. While current 4D systems often rely on external stimuli, they tend to overlook the role of intrinsic cell-generated forces, such as cell contractile forces (CCFs), in driving tissue morphogenesis.

Preservation of Cardiac Xenografts in a Model of Infant Human Cardiac Transplantation.

Introduction: There is no standard protocol for management of organ preservation for orthotopic, life-sustaining cardiac xenotransplantation, particularly for hearts from pediatric sized donors. Standard techniques and solutions successful in human allotransplantation are not viable. We theorized that a solution commonly used in reparative cardiac surgery in human children would suffice by exploiting the advantages inherent to xenotransplantation, namely the ability to reduce organ ischemic times by co-locating the donor and recipient.

Early Results of an Infant Model of Orthotopic Cardiac Xenotransplantation.

Background: Genetically engineered porcine hearts may have an application for infants in need of a bridge to cardiac allotransplantation. The current animal model that resulted in 2 human applications has been validated in adult non-human primates only. We sought to create an infant animal model of life sustaining cardiac xenotransplantation to understand limitations specific to this age group.

ECG Features in Orthotopic Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Comparisons With Published Literature.

Introduction: Although there is a plethora of literature on electrocardiographic changes following cardiac allotransplantation, there is little in the field of cardiac xenotransplantation. The only published literature to date is that of the first pig-to-human cardiac xenotransplantation. Here we take a close look at the electrocardiographic parameters in four non-human primate recipients of orthotopic cardiac xenotransplantation to develop baseline metrics for comparison.

Pediatric Cardiac Xenotransplantation and Expanded Access: Ethical Considerations.

Due to the current organ shortage waitlist, alternatives to allotransplantation are necessary. Xenotransplantation is currently being pursued as one such alternative in adults in need of kidney or heart transplantation. Cardiac xenotransplantation of genetically modified pig hearts has been conducted twice in adults under the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded access criteria.

The landscape of congenital heart disease treated with the Ross procedure.

Background: The Ross procedure has excellent outcomes in the pediatric population. Some series have reported age- and anatomy-dependent outcomes, but a comprehensive analysis stratified by these variables has not been reported to date. We sought to describe the landscape of congenital heart disease (CHD) treated with the Ross procedure and identify the patients best served by this operation.

Changing the default meal option at university events to reduce harmful environmental impacts: Six randomized controlled trials.

Animal agriculture is a leading contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and other harmful environmental impacts, which underscores the need to shift away from the consumption of animal-based products. One promising nudge intervention is making plant-based meals the default option, so we tested this approach at six different university events across four academic institutions for effecting sustainable dietary change. Event attendees pre-selected their meal on one of two randomly assigned RSVP forms: one with a plant-based default and one with a meal with meat default.

A Novel Model for Xenograft Right Ventricle to Pulmonary Artery Conduit.

The last 40 years have shown dramatic improvement in outcomes for neonatal cardiac surgery for a spectrum of congenital heart disease diagnoses. With more patients surviving into adulthood, the long-term impact of initial management strategies of these patients has come into focus. This is particularly true for patients with pediatric heart valve disease.

Pigs in Transplantation Research and Their Potential as Sources of Organs in Clinical Xenotransplantation.

The pig has long been used as a research animal and has now gained importance as a potential source of organs for clinical xenotransplantation. When an organ from a wild-type (i. e.

The potential of cardiac xenotransplantation for management of infants with complex congenital heart disease.

Gene editing of the porcine genome has enabled the production of pigs that do not express the three known carbohydrate antigens that are associated with hyperacute rejection of a pig organ xenotransplant. In addition, it is now possible to insert a variety of human transgenes to protect against the human immune response, e.g.

Effects of Low-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Neurophysiological and Behavioral Correlates of Cognitive Function.

Acute aerobic exercise exerts a small beneficial effect on cognition. Previous research primarily examines cognitive changes following a bout of exercise, while little is currently known about changes in cognitive performance during exercise. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effects of low-intensity cycling on cognitive function indexed by behavioral (response accuracy; reaction time) and neurocognitive (P3 mean amplitude; P3 centroid latency) responses.

Surgical Experience With Nine Cases of Obstructed Right Aortic Arch.

Background: Right-sided aortic arch obstruction is an extremely rare congenital anomaly. A variety of surgical approaches have been described. This study reviews our institutional experience over the last 30 years.

Association Between Venous Homografts and Allosensitization After Norwood Procedure.

Background: Right ventricle (RV) to pulmonary artery (PA) shunts have become the shunt of choice at many centers for use during the Norwood procedure for single ventricle palliation. Some centers have begun to use cryopreserved femoral or saphenous venous homografts as an alternative to polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for shunt construction. The immunogenicity of these homografts is unknown, and potential allosensitization could have significant implications on transplant candidacy.

Comparative analysis of the cardiomyocyte differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells reprogrammed from human atrial or ventricular fibroblasts.

We had shown that cardiomyocytes (CMs) were more efficiently differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) when the hiPSCs were reprogrammed from cardiac fibroblasts rather than dermal fibroblasts or blood mononuclear cells. Here, we continued to investigate the relationship between somatic-cell lineage and hiPSC-CM production by comparing the yield and functional properties of CMs differentiated from iPSCs reprogrammed from human atrial or ventricular cardiac fibroblasts (iPSC or iPSC, respectively). Atrial and ventricular heart tissues were obtained from the same patient, reprogrammed into iPSCs or iPSCs, and then differentiated into CMs (iPSC-CMs or iPSC-CMs, respectively) established protocols.

What's to Eat and Drink on Campus? Public and Planetary Health, Public Higher Education, and the Public Good.

Public higher education institutions (PHEIs) have a unique and important role in responding to the public and planetary health crisis-they are centers of research on public and planetary health and of learning for young people, and have a public good mission. Yet, PHEI campus food environments are predominantly unhealthy and environmentally unsustainable, and associated with unhealthy food choices and unhealthy students. PHEIs are addressing high levels of student food insecurity (FI) that disproportionately affect the most vulnerable groups.

Health-Related Quality of Life After Single Ventricle Palliation or Tetralogy of Fallot Repair.

Single ventricle (SV) cardiac lesions and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) are both common forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease. With advances in perioperative care and longitudinal follow-up, survival of these patients has dramatically improved and the majority survive to adulthood. This study compares health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of adult SV and TOF patients to each other and the general population.

Cardiac and Pulmonary Histopathology in Baboons Following Genetically-Engineered Pig Orthotopic Heart Transplantation.

BACKGROUND Although improving, survival after pig orthotopic heart transplantation (OHTx) in baboons has been mixed and largely poor. The causes for the high incidence of early failure remain uncertain. MATERIAL AND METHODS We have carried out pig OHTx in 4 baboons.

Will previous palliative surgery for congenital heart disease be detrimental to subsequent pig heart xenotransplantation?

Introduction: Pig heart xenotransplantation might act as a bridge in infants with complex congenital heart disease (CHD) until a deceased human donor heart becomes available. Infants develop antibodies to wild-type (WT, i.e.

Informed Consent for Potential Recipients of Pig Kidney Xenotransplantation in the United States.

Clinical trials of kidney xenotransplantation are being considered in the United States. Before this novel procedure can take place, investigators will have to obtain approval from the institutional review board. The consent form that will be used for such a trial and that will receive approval from the institutional review board will be complex.