Urea oxidation catalysts: a review on non-metallic enhancements in nickel-based electrocatalysts.

The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) offers a promising low-energy alternative to the conventional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in hydrogen production, leveraging urea's lower thermodynamic barrier to reduce energy demands of water splitting. This review focuses on the design and optimization of nickel-based UOR catalysts through the strategic incorporation of nonmetallic inorganic dopants to enhance their electrocatalytic performance. By modulating the electronic structure and surface active sites, these dopants aim to improve catalytic activity.

Spatialsmooth: a spatially-aware convolutional autoencoder framework for enhanced deconvolution of spatial transcriptomics data.

Spatial transcriptomics technologies have revolutionized our understanding of tissue heterogeneity by providing gene expression data with spatial context. However, due to the limited resolution of some of these techniques, multiple cell types are often captured at each spatial location. Several spatial deconvolution methods have been developed in recent years to infer cell type compositions from these mixed spots, but their results can be noisy and spatially inconsistent.

The effect of T cells on the lncRNA4.9-TGF-β1 axis in HCMV latently infected cells.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a prevalent double-stranded DNA virus, exhibits a high infectioraten, yet the mechanisms underlying latent infection and activation remain unclear. Viral cyclic reactivation in healthy HCMV and latent infection is usually well controlled by the T-cell response. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is known to play vital roles in physiological and pathological processes.

Regulating Amine Substitution in Fluorosulfonyl-Based Flame-Retardant Electrolytes for Energy-Dense Lithium Metal Batteries.

Sulfone-based electrolytes offer unusually high anodic and thermal stability that in principle makes them promising candidates for fabricating energy-dense lithium metal batteries (LMBs). Their uses in practical batteries are currently limited by their inability to sustain long-term Li metal plating/stripping processes due to their high reactivity toward the Li metal. Here, we report on the design and synthesis of a unique family of fluorosulfonyl group-based (FSO) molecules, modified with ethyl (FSE)/,-dimethyl (FSNDM)/,-diethyl (FSNDE)/-pyrrolidine (FSNP) end groups to create exceptionally stable single-salt single-solvent electrolytes.

The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and its combination with obesity indicators as a predictor of all cause and cardiovascular mortality in non-diabetic individuals.

Background: The non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHHR) represents a novel composite lipid marker for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nevertheless, the correlation between NHHR and mortality in the non-diabetic population remains indistinct.

Methods: This study included 20,774 non-diabetic individuals from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Advancements in Electrocatalytic Methanol Oxidation: Catalyst Design, Reaction Mechanisms, and Renewable Energy Applications.

The electrochemical oxidation of methanol has emerged as a pivotal process in the development of sustainable energy systems, particularly in the context of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) and selective oxidation reactions. This review comprehensively examines the advancements in methanol oxidation, categorizing the processes into complete oxidation (methanol oxidation reaction, MOR) and selective oxidation (methanol selective oxidation reaction, MSOR). MOR facilitates the total conversion of methanol into carbon dioxide and water, while MSOR aims to produce valuable intermediates such as formate, which can enhance energy conversion efficiency and contribute to the synthesis of high-value chemicals.

Nonbacterial Respiratory Pathogens Following the Easing of COVID-19 Restrictive Measures.

Nonbacterial respiratory pathogens are major acute respiratory infection (ARI) agents in children. We aimed to characterize the epidemiological changes in 11 common nonbacterial pathogens after easing COVID-19 restrictions in Zhejiang, China, to guide prevention and treatment. A retrospective study was conducted on children with ARIs at Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in 2023, and epidemiological characteristics were analyzed for gender, age, month, sampling method, and immune status.

A predictive model for depression risk in individuals with hypertension: evidence from NHANES 2007-2020.

Objective: Hypertension increases the prevalence of depression to a certain extent and identification and diagnosis of depression frequently pose challenges for clinicians. The study aimed to construct and validate a scoring model predicting the prevalence of depression with hypertension.

Methods: 6124 individuals with hypertension were utilized from the 2007 to 2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (NHANES), including 645 subjects that were assessed to have depressive symptoms, 390 in the development group and 255 in the validation group.

Integration of Single-Cell and Spatial Transcriptomic Data Reveals Spatial Architecture and Potential Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of neurons and the accumulation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Despite advancements in the understanding of AD's pathophysiology, the cellular organization and interactions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) remain elusive. Eight single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets from both normal controls and individuals with AD were harmonized.

Bifidobacterium regulates premature infant gut metabolites, reducing serum inflammatory factors: a randomised controlled trial.

Background: Analyse the effects of Bifidobacterium BB-12 on intestinal metabolites and serum inflammatory factors in premature infants.

Methods: 71 premature infants at gestational age of ≤32 weeks were randomly divided into the probiotic (n = 36) and control (n = 35) groups. Faecal and blood samples were collected from the two groups of premature infants at the 2nd and 4th week of life for intestinal metabolite detection and assessment of the level of the serum inflammatory markers TLR4, NF- κ B, IL-1β, and TNF- α.

Unraveling the spatial organization and development of human thymocytes through integration of spatial transcriptomics and single-cell multi-omics profiling.

The structural components of the thymus are essential for guiding T cell development, but a thorough spatial view is still absent. Here we develop the TSO-his tool, designed to integrate multimodal data from single-cell and spatial transcriptomics to decipher the intricate structure of human thymus. Specifically, we characterize dynamic changes in cell types and critical markers, identifying ELOVL4 as a mediator of CD4 T cell positive selection in the cortex.

Gastric metastasis of small cell lung carcinoma: Three case reports and review of literature.

Background: Small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) is highly susceptible to metastasis in the early stages of the disease. However, the stomach is an uncommon site of metastasis in SCLC, and only a few cases of this type of metastasis have been reported. Therefore, SCLC gastric metastases have not been systematically characterized and are easily missed and misdiagnosed.

Discovery of an independent poor-prognosis subtype associated with tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer.

Introduction: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are ectopic lymphoid formations that arise in non-lymphoid tissues due to chronic inflammation. The pivotal function of TLSs in regulating tumor invasion and metastasis has been established across several cancers, such as lung cancer, liver cancer, and melanoma, with a positive correlation between increased TLS presence and improved prognosis. Nevertheless, the current research about the clinical significance of TLSs in breast cancer remains limited.

scAnnoX: an R package integrating multiple public tools for single-cell annotation.

Background: Single-cell annotation plays a crucial role in the analysis of single-cell genomics data. Despite the existence of numerous single-cell annotation algorithms, a comprehensive tool for integrating and comparing these algorithms is also lacking.

Methods: This study meticulously investigated a plethora of widely adopted single-cell annotation algorithms.

Exploration of the role of oxidative stress-related genes in LPS-induced acute lung injury via bioinformatics and experimental studies.

During the progression of acute lung injury (ALI), oxidative stress and inflammatory responses always promote each other. The datasets analyzed in this research were acquired from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and limma package were used to obtain the ALI-related genes (ALIRGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively.

Immune microenvironment heterogeneity reveals distinct subtypes in neuroblastoma: insights into prognosis and therapeutic targets.

Background: Neuroblastoma (NB) is a childhood cancer originating from immature nerve cells in the sympathetic nervous system. Current clinical and molecular subtyping methods for NB have limitations in providing accurate prognostic information and guiding treatment decisions.

Results: To overcome these challenges, we explored the microenvironment of NB based on the knowledge-based functional gene expression signatures (Fges), which revealed heterogeneous subtypes.

Impacts of abandoned sloping farmland on soil aggregates and aggregate-associated organic carbon in karst rocky desertification areas.

Vegetation restoration after the abandonment of sloping farmland can effectively promote the sequestration of soil organic carbon (SOC), with soil aggregates playing a pivotal role. However, in abandoned farmlands in karst regions with varying degrees of rocky desertification, the relationship between soil aggregates, aggregate-associated organic carbon (AAOC), and total SOC content remains unclear. Taking abandoned sloping farmlands (5 years, 10 years, and 15 years) with different levels of rocky desertification (no rocky desertification, potential rocky desertification, slight rocky desertification, and moderate rocky desertification) in a typical karst area as research objects, this study investigated the dynamic characteristics of the particle size distribution of soil aggregates, total SOC, and AAOC.

Case Report: Intramural colonic signet ring cell carcinoma presenting as intestinal pseudo-obstruction: A case presentation and review of the literature.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Other than adenocarcinomas, exceptional tumors of the colon and rectum represent a neglected clinical issue due to their rarity. Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare subtype of CRC and has an extremely poor prognosis due to its advanced stage at diagnosis.

Physicochemical properties and micro-interaction between micro-nanoparticles and anterior corneal multilayer biological interface film for improving drug delivery efficacy: the transformation of tear film turnover mode.

Recently, various novel drug delivery systems have been developed to overcome ocular barriers in order to improve drug efficacy. We have previously reported that montmorillonite (MT) microspheres (MPs) and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded with the anti-glaucoma drug betaxolol hydrochloride (BHC) exhibited sustained drug release and thus intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects. Here, we investigated the effect of physicochemical particle parameters on the micro-interactions with tear film mucins and corneal epithelial cells.

Alarming antibiotics resistance of Helicobacter pylori from children in Southeast China over 6 years.

The increasing rates of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are a major concern of the decreasing eradication rate. Large-scale and long-period studies on antimicrobial susceptibility of H.

Oncogenic signaling pathway-related long non-coding RNAs for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in breast cancer.

Background: The clinical outcomes of breast cancer (BC) are unpredictable due to the high level of heterogeneity and complex immune status of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When set up, multiple long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signatures tended to be employed to appraise the prognosis of BC. Nevertheless, predicting immunotherapy responses in BC is still essential.

Radiogenomics analysis reveals the associations of dynamic contrast-enhanced-MRI features with gene expression characteristics, PAM50 subtypes, and prognosis of breast cancer.

Background: To investigate reliable associations between dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) features and gene expression characteristics in breast cancer (BC) and to develop and validate classifiers for predicting PAM50 subtypes and prognosis from DCE-MRI non-invasively.

Methods: Two radiogenomics cohorts with paired DCE-MRI and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data were collected from local and public databases and divided into discovery ( = 174) and validation cohorts ( = 72). Six external datasets ( = 1,443) were used for prognostic validation.

Association of Serum Vitamin D with Active Human Cytomegalovirus Infections in Chinese Children with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Vitamin D (VD) plays an important role in infectious and autoimmune diseases. We investigated the association between the serum VD levels and active human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. From January 2015 to June 2021, 120 children were diagnosed with SLE, and 100 healthy children were enrolled.