Physician Use of Large Language Models: A Quantitative Study Based on Large-Scale Query-Level Data.

Background: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has rapidly emerged as a promising tool in health care. Despite its growing adoption, how physicians make use of it in medical practice has not been qualitatively studied. Existing literature has largely focused on theoretical applications or experimental validations, with limited insight into real-world physician engagement with GenAI technologies.

Heritability and genetic contribution analysis of structural-functional coupling in human brain.

The flow of functional connectivity (FC) is thought to be supported by white matter structural connectivity (SC). While research on the correlations between SC and FC (SC-FC coupling) has progressed, the genetic implications of SC-FC coupling have not been thoroughly examined. Traditionally, SC-FC coupling investigations utilize predefined atlases.

Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus and Kidney Disease.

Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), also known as human herpesvirus 8, is a carcinogenic gamma herpesvirus strongly associated with various human malignancies, including Kaposi sarcoma. Compromised immune function is a critical risk factor for the development of Kaposi sarcoma, particularly in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection or those receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Antiviral therapy and radiotherapy have little role in KS treatment, which consists of chemotherapy and immunobiologicals (besides changing, reducing, or discontinuing immunosuppressants).

S-GMAS: Genome-Wide Mediation Analysis With Brain Subcortical Shape Mediators.

Mediation analysis is widely utilized in neuroscience to investigate the role of brain image phenotypes in the neurological pathways from genetic exposures to clinical outcomes. However, it is still difficult to conduct mediation analyses with whole genome-wide exposures and brain subcortical shape mediators due to several challenges including (i) large-scale genetic exposures, that is, millions of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs); (ii) nonlinear Hilbert space for shape mediators; and (iii) statistical inference on the direct and indirect effects. To tackle these challenges, this paper proposes a genome-wide mediation analysis framework with brain subcortical shape mediators.

Nutrition impact symptoms as prognostic indicators in gastric cancer: the role of quality of life and survival outcomes.

Background: Nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) are common among cancer patients and influence prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of NIS in gastric cancer patients using data from the Investigation on Nutrition Status and Clinical Outcome of Common Cancers (INSCOC) database.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from 2,673 adult patients with confirmed gastric cancer enrolled in the INSCOC database between January 2013 to February 2020.

Association of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor use and mortality in patients with endometrial cancer: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Endometrial cancer is closely linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), originally developed for diabetes, demonstrate potential anti-cancer properties. This study aims to investigate the association between SGLT2i use and all-cause mortality among patients with endometrial cancer.

Multi-strain probiotics attenuate carbohydrate-lipid metabolic dysregulation in type 2 diabetic rats via gut-liver axis modulation.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a pervasive chronic metabolic disorder characterized by dysregulation of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. The objective of this study was to elucidate the impact of multi-strain probiotic supplementation on the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids and the interplay between the gut and liver in a T2DM rat model. A total of 32 rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: a control group, a T2DM model group, a low-dose probiotics group, and a high-dose probiotics group.

downregulated MLH1 expression in colorectal cancer by activating autophagy-lysosome pathway.

Backgrounds: () has been shown to be associated with immunotherapy in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its exact mechanism needs to be further explored.

Methods: We first analyzed the correlation between abundance and mismatch repair (MMR) protein deficiency in CRC tissues from 567 patients. We then treated CRC cells and tissues with and its metabolites.

Characterization of growth and metabolomic profiles of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ProSci-92 as a potential probiotic culture in extended milk fermentation.

The Lacticaseibacillus paracasei ProSci-92 (ProSci-92) strain was isolated from traditional fermented yak milk in the Shangri-La Tibetan region, China. Initial screening revealed its promising potential for lactose and protein hydrolysis. This study monitored the growth and metabolic dynamics of ProSci-92 and during a 60-h milk fermentation process using nontargeted metabolomics.

Management of pregnant women with endocervical and decidual polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: The impact of polypectomy of endocervical and decidual polyps during pregnancy on the risk of spontaneous late miscarriage and preterm delivery has not been determined. The existing systematic reviews included only three studies that could not yield definite conclusions.

Methods: The PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Med and CNKI databases were searched from inception until July 1, 2024.

Efficacy of a postbiotic and its components in promoting colonic transit and alleviating chronic constipation in humans and mice.

This study evaluates the efficacy of the postbiotic Probio-Eco in alleviating constipation in humans and mice. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial involving 110 adults with chronic constipation (Rome IV criteria) demonstrates that a 3-week Probio-Eco intervention significantly improves constipation symptoms, stool straining, and worry scores. Gut microbiota and metabolomic analyses reveal modulations in specific gut microbiota, succinate, tryptophan derivatives, deoxycholate, propionate, butyrate, and cortisol, correlating with symptom relief.

Hydrophobic Silica Aerogel with Higher Flame Retardancy, Thermal Radiation Shielding, and High-Temperature Insulation Properties Through Introduction of TiO.

SiO aerogels have garnered significant attention for thermal insulation applications due to their exceptional hydrophobicity and thermal resistance. However, the organic functional groups enabling hydrophobicity introduce flammability concerns, limiting their safe implementation in high-temperature environments. This study presents a novel TiO doping strategy (SA/TiO) that simultaneously enhances thermal safety while preserving the material's intrinsic advantages.

Pathogenesis Mechanism of Ferroptosis and Pharmacotherapy in Kidney Diseases: A Review.

Background: Ferroptosis is a novel form of iron-dependent programmed cell death, characterized by lipid peroxidation and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Dysregulation of iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, or the antioxidant system can trigger this process. Emerging evidence suggests that ferroptosis is implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of various kidney diseases.

In Situ Hierarchical Polymerization Enables Ambient-Pressure Drying of High-Performance AlO-SiO Aerogel Composites for Battery Thermal Protection.

Ambient pressure drying (APD) is an effective method for producing AlO-SiO aerogels for thermal insulation, with hydrophobic modification crucial for APD success. However, challenges persist in combining thermal insulation with mechanical strength due to the hindrance of doping Al on hydrophobic modification and the inherent brittleness of pure aerogels. We present an in situ hierarchical polymerization strategy, where the subsequently formed Si-O-Si network protects the preferentially polymerized Al-O-Al network, enabling successful hydrophobic modification and APD.

COVINet: a deep learning-based and interpretable prediction model for the county-wise trajectories of COVID-19 in the United States.

The devastating impact of COVID-19 on the United States has been profound since its onset in January 2020. Predicting the trajectory of epidemics accurately and devising strategies to curb their progression are currently formidable challenges. In response to this crisis, we propose COVINet, which combines the architecture of Long Short-Term Memory and Gated Recurrent Unit, incorporating actionable covariates to offer high-accuracy prediction and explainable response.

Evaluating the Effect of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) in Reducing Folate Levels in Reproductive Aged Women by MTHFR and DHFR Genotype in Combination With Letrozole or Clomiphene.

Previous epidemiological studies have suggested that green tea catechins, including Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant polyphenol in green tea, may be associated with reduced serum folate levels. This is of particular interest as women of childbearing age may be consuming EGCG from tea, dietary supplements, or involved in active clinical trials studying EGCG or green tea extract. EGCG was reported to shrink uterine fibroids in preclinical and clinical studies.

Evaluating Intermittent Dosing of Aspirin for Colorectal Cancer Chemoprevention.

Aspirin reduces colorectal cancer risk but has a potential for adverse effects. Recent preclinical data suggest that intermittent dosing of aspirin may minimize adverse effects while maintaining efficacy. We conducted a three-arm double-blind randomized placebo-controlled phase II trial.

Deubiquitination enzyme USP35 negatively regulates MAVS signaling to inhibit anti-tumor immunity.

The RIG-I/MAVS signaling stimulates anti-tumor immunity by triggering the production of inflammatory cytokines. Activation of MAVS induced by viral RNA and RIG-I binding is critical in this pathway. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of MAVS activity and its function in anti-tumor immunity is not fully understood.

Sex-Specific Association Between Polymorphisms in Estrogen Receptor Alpha Gene (ESR1) and Depression: A Genome-Wide Association Study of All of Us and UK Biobank Data.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent worldwide, substantially and negatively impacting both the quality and length of life of 280 million people globally. The genetic risk factors of MDD have been studied in various previous research, but the findings lack consistency. Sex/gender and racial/ethnic disparities have been reported; however, many previous genetic studies, represented by large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) are known to lack diversity in the study cohorts.

Empowering genome-wide association studies via a visualizable test based on the regional association score.

The genome-wide association studies identified genes associated with many diseases, but the identification and verification of disease variants are still challenging due to small effects and large number of individual variants. In this paper, we propose a powerful method that first quantifies the strength of regional associations at each single nucleotide polymorphism and converts these measures into time series data before using a change point detection algorithm to identify significant regions. In our extensive simulation study, the proposed method consistently demonstrates greater power than existing alternatives, achieving a relative increase of over 20% in challenging scenarios where true causal variants are sparse and multiple association regions exist at the same time, while maintaining a lower false positive rate.

Untargeted metabolomic analysis uncovers metabolic variability of four strains for probiotic development.

species are essential members of the human gut microbiota, playing crucial roles in host health. Variations in the metabolic functions of different strains can have distinct health effects, making it essential to understand their metabolic characteristics for the development of targeted probiotic formulations. In this study, we cultivated four selected strains from three species: subsp.

Therapeutic Potential of subsp. B8762 on Gut and Respiratory Health in Infant.

Respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections in pediatric populations are major public health concerns. Addressing these challenges necessitates effective preventative and therapeutic strategies. This study assessed the efficacy of the probiotic subsp.

Isolation of Enterococcus hirae From Fresh White Yak Milk in Ledu District, Qinghai Province, China: A Comparative Genomic Analysis.

Yak milk is a widely consumed dairy product rich in lactic acid bacteria. Although Enterococcus hirae (E. hirae) is commonly found in dairy products and other foods, there is limited information available on its genetic makeup in yak milk.