Hemodynamic analysis of the recipient parasylvian cortical arteries for predicting postoperative hyperperfusion during STA-MCA bypass in adult patients with moyamoya disease.

Objective: Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass is a common approach for treating moyamoya disease (MMD); however, the selection of recipient vessels is still controversial, and its relationship with postoperative cerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) has not been revealed. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the hemodynamic sources of the recipient parasylvian cortical arteries (PSCAs) and the occurrence of postoperative CHP.

Methods: The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical data from 68 adult patients (75 hemispheres) with MMD who underwent STA-MCA bypass.

Severe asymptomatic carotid stenosis is associated with robust reductions in homotopic functional connectivity.

Severe (>70% narrowing) asymptomatic carotid stenosis (SACS) is associated with cognitive impairment and future strokes, and connectivity basis for the remote brain consequences is poorly understood. Here we explored homotopic connectivity and parenchymal lesions measured by multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in patients with SACS. Twenty-four patients with SACS (19 males/5 females; 64.

Self-efficacy, Hope as Mediators Between Positive Coping and Resilience Among Patients With Gastric Cancer Before the First Chemotherapy.

Background: Patients with gastric cancer experience severe psychological distress as a result of their cancer diagnosis and chemotherapy. Resilience is a defense mechanism that enables one to thrive amid distress. However, little research has been done to explore the formation and development mechanism of resilience among patients with gastric cancer before their first chemotherapy treatment.

Differentiating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas by the "Duct-Road Sign": A preliminary magnetic resonance imaging study.

To assess the duct-road sign and tumor-to-duct ratio (TDR) in MRI for differentiating pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) from pancreatic ductal-adenocarcinomas (PDACs).Retrospectively reviewed MRI characteristics of 78 pancreatic masses (histopathology-proven 25 PNETs and 53 PDACs). Receiver operating characteristics with TDR and diagnostic performance of the duct-road sign for differential diagnosis were performed.

Respiratory motion correction for liver contrast-enhanced ultrasound by automatic selection of a reference image.

Purpose: Respiratory motion correction is necessary for the quantitative analysis of liver contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) image sequences. Most respiratory motion correction methods are based on the dual mode of CEUS image sequences, including contrast and grayscale image sequences. Due to free-breathing motion, the acquired two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound cine might show the in-plane and out-of-plane motion of tumors.

Meningeal metastasis of a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma: A case report and literature review.

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a very rare tumor originating from the peritoneal serous mesothelium. Meningeal metastasis of malignant peritoneal is even more rare. Here, we reported a case of a 60-year-old female patient with a history of exposure to asbestos for 10 years who presented with massive peritoneal effusion followed by disorder of consciousness and symptoms of cranial nerve injury.

Linderane protects pancreatic β cells from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced oxidative damage.

Aims: Linderane, an important bioactive compound in Linderae, improved glucose and lipid metabolism in ob/ob mice. However, the effect of linderane on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced oxidative damage in INS-1 cells remains unclear.

Main Methods: INS-1 cells were pre-treated with different doses of linderane for 2 h and then treated with 3 mM STZ for 12 h.

Association Between Premorbid Body Mass Index and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Causal Inference Through Genetic Approaches.

Inverse association between premorbid body mass index (BMI) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was implied in observational studies; however, whether this association is causal remains largely unknown. We first conducted a meta-analysis to investigate whether there exits an association between premorbid BMI and ALS. We then employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization approach to evaluate the causal relationship of genetically increased BMI with the risk of ALS.

Feasibility study of highly accelerated phase-sensitive inversion recovery myocardial viability imaging using simultaneous multislice and parallel imaging techniques.

Background: Phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) is a powerful cardiac MRI method to assess myocardial viability, which can eliminate the background phase and preserve the sign of the desired magnetization during inversion recovery.

Purpose/hypothesis: To shorten the acquisition time of myocardial viability imaging by introducing both simultaneous multislice (SMS) and parallel imaging (PI) into PSIR without additional acquisitions for calibration data.

Study Type: Prospective study.

Neuroanatomical Changes Underlying Vertical HIV Infection in Adolescents.

The aim of this study was to investigate how human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects brain development in adolescents, what are susceptible brain regions, and how these brain structural changes correlate with cognitive abilities. We used structural magnetic resonance imaging to examine gray matter volume and cortical thickness in 16 HIV-infected children (mean age = 13.63 years) and 25 HIV-exposed uninfected children (mean age = 13.

TDP-43 is Required for Mammary Gland Repopulation and Proliferation of Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Mammary gland stem cells (MaSCs), assumed to be the original cells of breast cancer, play essential roles in regulating mammary gland homeostasis and development. Previously, we identified a crucial regulatory role of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), an RNA-binding protein, in the progression of triple-negative breast cancer. However, the function of TDP-43 in MaSCs is unclear.

Evaluation of non-targeting, C- or N-pH (low) insertion peptide modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoclusters for selective MRI of liver tumors and their potential toxicity in cirrhosis.

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoclusters (SPIONs) modified with pH (low) insertion peptide (pHLIP) could be advantageous for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnosis of liver tumors at the early stage due to their unique responsiveness to the tumor acidic microenvironment when tumor markers are unknown. However, many critical aspects including the effectiveness of selective MRI in liver tumors, types of delivery and the potential safety profile in cirrhosis need to be fully evaluated. In this study, we report the evaluation of non-targeting, C- or N-pHLIP modified SPIONs as the contrast agent for selective MRI of liver tumors and their potential toxicity profile in cirrhosis.

Unilateral thalamic glioma disrupts large-scale functional architecture of human brain during resting state.

Background: The thalamus is an important deep brain structure for the synchronization of brain rhythm and the integration of cortical activity. Human brain imaging and computational modeling have non-invasively revealed its role in maintaining the cortical network architecture and functional hierarchy.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to identify the effect of unilateral thalamic damage on the human brain intrinsic functional architecture.

Reproducibility of normalized apparent diffusion coefficient measurements on 3.0-T diffusion-weighted imaging of normal pancreas in a healthy population.

To prospectively compare the reproducibility of normal pancreas-normalized apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements for the normal pancreas and mean normalized ADCs at different pancreas anatomic locations.In total, 22 healthy volunteers underwent pancreatic 3.0-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, including axial diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging with 3 b values used (0, 400, and 800 s/mm) and with the respiratory-triggered (RT) technique.

A Seabed Real-Time Sensing System for In-Situ Long-Term Multi-Parameter Observation Applications.

Aiming at the real-time observation requirements in marine science and ocean engineering, based on underwater acoustic communication and satellite communication technology, a seabed real-time sensing system for in-situ long-term multi-parameter observation applications (SRSS/ILMO) is proposed. It consists of a seabed observation system, a sea surface relay transmission buoy, and a remote monitoring system. The system communication link is implemented by underwater acoustic communication and satellite communication.

False Negativity of Tc-99m Labeled Sodium Phytate Bone Marrow Imaging Under the Effect of G-CSF Prescription in Aplastic Anemia: A Case Report.

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a hematopoietic cytokine which controls the differentiation and growth of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. We report a severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patient with false-negative Tc sodium phytate bone marrow imaging findings under concurrent G-CSF therapy. The first bone marrow imaging showed a normal bone marrow activity.

Preparation and evaluation of fluorescent poly(p-phenyleneethylene) covalently coated microspheres with reactive sites for bioconjugation.

Fluorescent microspheres with reactive sites for interacting with biomolecules are greatly demanded in flow cytometry based suspension array. Aiming to develop a new method for preparing fluorescent microspheres, two poly(p-phenyleneethylene) (PPE) conjugated polymers (CPs) with pedant carboxylic groups were synthesized via Sonogashira coupling and followed with hydrolysis of ester groups; then the conjugated polymers were immobilized onto monodispersed amino-modified porous poly(glycidylmethacrylate) (APGMA) microspheres via coupling reaction between carboxylic and amino groups to give APGMA-CP fluorescent microspheres. The fluorescent microspheres were found to have good photo- and thermal stability as well as negligible influence from rigorous washing.

Omi/HtrA2 Participates in Age-Related Autophagic Deficiency in Rat Liver.

Liver is a vital organ with many important functions, and the maintenance of normal hepatic function is necessary for health. As an essential mechanism for maintaining cellular homeostasis, autophagy plays an important role in ensuring normal organ function. Studies have indicated that the degeneration of hepatic function is associated with autophagic deficiency in aging liver.

HIF-1α is Critical for the Activation of Notch Signaling in Neurogenesis During Acute Epilepsy.

Emerging evidence suggests that hypoxia-inducible factors (specifically, HIF-1α) and Notch signaling are involved in epileptogenesis and that cross-coupling exists between HIF-1α and Notch signaling in other diseases, including tumors and ischemia. However, the exact molecular mechanisms by which HIF-1α and Notch signaling affect the development of epilepsy, especially regarding neurogenesis, remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of HIF-1α in neurogenesis and whether Notch signaling is involved in this process during epileptogenesis by assessing hippocampal apoptosis, neuronal injury, and the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in four groups, including control, epilepsy, epilepsy+2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2) and epilepsy+GSI-IX (DAPT) groups.

Quantifying Hemodynamic Changes in Moyamoya Disease Based on Two-Dimensional Cine Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computational Fluid Dynamics.

Objective: To investigate hemodynamic changes in moyamoya disease (MMD) via two-dimensional cine phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging and computational fluid dynamics.

Methods: In 18 patients with MMD and 10 healthy control subjects, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging was performed to quantify flow rate of main supplying arteries, including internal carotid arteries (ICAs) and vertebral arteries. Mean flow rate in these vessels was adopted as the patient-specific boundary condition for computational fluid dynamics simulation of the circle of Willis in MMD and control groups.

Frequency-Dependent Changes of the Resting BOLD Signals Predicts Cognitive Deficits in Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis.

"Asymptomatic" carotid artery stenosis (aCAS) patients usually have cognitive impairment in the domains of executive, psychomotor speed, and memory function. However, the pathophysiology of this impairment in aCAS patients is still unclear. In this study, amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method was used based on resting-state blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals, to investigate local brain activity in 19 aCAS patients and 24 healthy controls, aimed to explore this pathophysiology mechanism.

Notch Signaling Regulates Microglial Activation and Inflammatory Reactions in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

The inflammatory response mediated by microglia in the central nervous system is closely related to epilepsy. Notch signaling plays an important role in the microglial activation during hypoxia. This study aimed to investigate whether Notch signaling is involved in microglial activation and subsequent inflammation-related neuronal injury during the process of epileptogenesis in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Dual T and T weighted magnetic resonance imaging based on Gd loaded bioinspired melanin dots.

In this report, a novel T/T dual modal nanoprobe based on highly efficient and bioinspired melanin dots (M-dots) with directly loading gadolinium (Gd-M-dots) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is described. In vitro and in vivo investigations have revealed that Gd-M-dots showed nontoxicity and good biocompatibilitity. Gd-M-dots relaxivity values on 3 T were determined to be r = 23.

Multifunctional biomedical imaging in physiological and pathological conditions using a NIR-II probe.

Compared with imaging in the visible (400 - 650 nm) and near-infrared window I (NIR-I, 650 - 900 nm) regions, imaging in near-infrared window II (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) is a highly promising imaging modality with improved resolution and deeper tissue penetration. In this work, a small molecule NIR-II dye,5,5'-(1H,5H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c'] bis[1,2,5]thiadiazole)-4,8-diyl)bis(N,N-bis(4-(3-((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)propyl)phenyl) thiophen-2-amine), has been successfully encapsulated into phospholipid vesicles to prepare a probe CQS1000. Then this novel NIR-II probe has been studied for multifunctional biological imaging.