Mendelian randomization studies on ischemic stroke: a field synopsis and systematic review.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a major cause of disability and death worldwide. However, previous observational studies failed to establish the causality between various exposures and IS occurrence. Currently, an increasing number of Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have been performed to investigate the causal effects of exposure factors on IS risk, but the results remain inconsistent and inconclusive.

Moisture legacy effects shape vegetation productivity across East Asia ecosystems, 2001-2020.

This study investigated spatiotemporal patterns of growing season gross primary productivity (GPP) across three vegetation types in mid-to-high latitude East Asia from 2001-2020.Growing season parameters and GPP were extracted from MODIS satellite data and combined with meteorological data to examine climate-vegetation relationships through trend analysis and correlation methods. GPP increased significantly overall (4.

Preparation and characterization of a novel bacterial cellulose film based photothermal sensitivity Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework and acetobacter xylinum and its application in pH monitoring and antibiosis.

Bacterial cellulose has been widely used as a raw material in the manufacture of medical wound dressings. However, its lack of inherent antibacterial properties and the susceptibility of its porous three-dimensional structure to bacterial colonization necessitate the adjunctive use of antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the singular antibacterial function of the material falls short of meeting the multifunctional requirements of modern medical dressings.

Environmental risk factors, protective factors, and biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an umbrella review.

Introduction: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the rapid loss of motor neurons. Given the significant global economic impact of ALS, effective preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce the incidence of this devastating disease. Recent meta-analyses have explored potential links between environmental factors, biomarkers, and ALS occurrence.

Engineering Bodipy-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Full-Spectrum Photocatalysis in Amide Synthesis.

Developing photocatalysts that can efficiently utilize the full solar spectrum is a crucial step toward transforming sustainable energy solutions. Due to their light absorption limitations, most photo-responsive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constrained to the ultraviolet (UV) and blue light regions. Expanding their absorption to encompass the entire solar spectrum would unlock their full potential, greatly enhancing efficiency and applicability.

Melatonin ameliorates ischemic brain injury in experimental stroke by regulation of miR-221 and ATG7 axis.

Acute ischemic stroke is undoubtedly the leading cause of mortality and disability throughout the world, and the efficient treatment is limited so far. Therefore, potentially effective drugs for acute ischemic cerebral damage and subsequent ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury are urgently needed. Here, we explored the protective role of melatonin in I/R and investigated the possible molecular mechanism that might affect neuronal autophagy and survival following I/R injury.

Leveraging RNA interference technology for selective and sustainable crop protection.

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) has emerged as key player in gene silencing for the past two decades. Tailor-made dsRNA is now recognized a versatile raw material, suitable for a wide range of applications in biopesticide formulations, including insect control to pesticide resistance management. The mechanism of RNA interference (RNAi) acts at the messenger RNA (mRNA) level, utilizing a sequence-dependent approach that makes it unique in term of effectiveness and specificity compared to conventional agrochemicals.

Winter climate change mediates the sensitivity of vegetation leaf-out to spring warming in high latitudes in China.

Global warming has significantly altered plant phenology by advancing the timing of leaf emergence, impacting vegetation productivity and adaptability. Winter and spring temperatures have commonly been used to explain spring phenology shifts, but we still lack a solid understanding of the effects of interactions between conditions in different seasons. This study utilizes normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological data to examine the effects of changes in winter and spring temperatures and precipitation on the start of the vegetation growing season (SOS) at high latitudes in China from 1982 to 2015.

Cross-Attention Regression Flow for Defect Detection.

Defect detection from images is a crucial and challenging topic of industry scenarios due to the scarcity and unpredictability of anomalous samples. However, existing defect detection methods exhibit low detection performance when it comes to small-size defects. In this work, we propose a Cross-Attention Regression Flow (CARF) framework to model a compact distribution of normal visual patterns for separating outliers.

Establishment and Maintenance of Heat-Stress Memory in Plants.

Among the rich repertoire of strategies that allow plants to adapt to high-temperature stress is heat-stress memory. The mechanisms underlying the establishment and maintenance of heat-stress memory are poorly understood, although the chromatin opening state appears to be an important structural basis for maintaining heat-stress memory. The chromatin opening state is influenced by epigenetic modifications, making DNA and histone modifications important entry points for understanding heat-shock memory.

Drought-induced assembly of rhizosphere mycobiomes shows beneficial effects on plant growth.

Unlabelled: Beneficial interactions between plants and rhizosphere fungi can enhance plant adaptability during drought stress. However, harnessing these interactions will require an in-depth understanding of the response of fungal community assembly to drought. Herein, by using different varieties of wheat plants, we analyzed the drought-induced changes in fungal community assembly in rhizosphere and bulk soil.

Critical role of water conditions in the responses of autumn phenology of marsh wetlands to climate change on the Tibetan Plateau.

The Tibetan Plateau, housing 20% of China's wetlands, plays a vital role in the regional carbon cycle. Examining the phenological dynamics of wetland vegetation in response to climate change is crucial for understanding its impact on the ecosystem. Despite this importance, the specific effects of climate change on wetland vegetation phenology in this region remain uncertain.

Impacts of climate change on fractional vegetation coverage of temperate grasslands in China from 1982 to 2015.

The vegetation coverage of temperate grasslands in China has changed substantially due to climate change during the past decades, which significantly affects the function of grassland ecosystems. To appropriately carry out adaptive management and protect temperate grassland vegetation, it is important to understand the variations in fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) of China's temperate grasslands and how they are responding to climate change. Using the GIMMS NDVI and climatic datasets, this study explored the dynamics of FVC and their climatic drivers across the temperate grassland region of China during 1982∼2015.

Progressive Context-Dependent Inference for Object Detection in Remote Sensing Imagery.

Inspired by our observation that numerous objects of remote sensing imageries are extremely consistent in geometric characteristics (e.g., object sizes/angles/layouts), in this work, we propose a novel Progressive Context-dependent Inference (PCI) method to make full use of large-scope contextual cues for better localizing objects in remote sensing imagery.

Grassland greening impacts on global land surface temperature.

Grassland vegetation greenness has been increasing globally during the past decades. Although the vegetation coverage change could have significant effects on climate by affecting albedo and evapotranspiration (ET), the effects of global grassland greening on climate remain unclear due to the lack of long-term field observation data. Here, we used satellite measurements of land surface temperature (LST) from high coverage grassland and adjacent low coverage grassland (divided according to the leaf area index) to quantify, for the first time, the biogeophysical effects of global grassland greening on surface temperatures.

Study on the mechanism of infection on chicken tracheal mucosa injury.

RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSMG infection causes a persistent inflammatory response by increasing the expression of immune response genes.The ERK-MLCK signalling pathway activated by MG infection regulates tight junction proteins in the tracheal mucosa.These data provide a basis for future prevention and treatment studies to control MG infection.

Asymmetric Soil Warming under Global Climate Change.

Daily surface soil temperature data from 360 weather stations in China during 1962-2011 were retrieved and analyzed. The data revealed two aspects of asymmetric soil warming. Firstly, there was asymmetry between day and night in terms of increases in soil temperature.

MYB-CC transcription factor, TaMYBsm3, cloned from wheat is involved in drought tolerance.

Background: MYB-CC transcription factors (TFs) genes have been demonstrated to be involved in the response to inorganic phosphate (Pi) starvation and regulate some Pi-starvation-inducible genes. However, their role in drought stress has not been investigated in bread wheat. In this study, the TaMYBsm3 genes, including TaMYBsm3-A, TaMYBsm3-B, and TaMYBsm3-D, encoding MYB-CC TF proteins in bread wheat, were isolated to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms related to drought-tolerance in plants.

Spatiotemporal variation in vegetation spring phenology and its response to climate change in freshwater marshes of Northeast China.

Understanding wetland vegetation phenology and its response to climate change is important to predict the changes of wetland vegetation in wetland regions. Using the NDVI and climate data, this work studied the spatiotemporal change of start date of vegetation growing season (SOS) and explored the possible effects of climate change on the SOS over freshwater marshes of Northeast China. The results showed that the SOS significantly advanced by 0.

Genome-wide identification and abiotic stress-responsive pattern of heat shock transcription factor family in Triticum aestivum L.

Background: Enhancement of crop productivity under various abiotic stresses is a major objective of agronomic research. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as one of the world's staple crops is highly sensitive to heat stress, which can adversely affect both yield and quality.

Effects of land use/land cover on diurnal temperature range in the temperate grassland region of China.

As a fragile ecological zone, the temperate grassland region of China has experienced dramatic land use/land cover (LULC) changes due to human disturbances. So far, the impacts of LULC change on climate especially the diurnal temperature range (DTR) in this region are still not well understood. Based on the OMR (observation minus reanalysis) method, this study investigated the effects of LULC on DTR in the temperate grassland region of China.

Changes in the timing, length and heating degree days of the heating season in central heating zone of China.

Climate change affects the demand for energy consumption, especially for heating and cooling buildings. Using daily mean temperature (Tmean) data, this study analyzed the spatiotemporal changes of the starting date for heating (HS), ending date for heating (HE), length (HL) and heating degree day (HDD) of the heating season in central heating zone of China. Over China's central heating zone, regional average HS has become later by 0.

Mapping of quantitative trait locus (QTLs) that contribute to germination and early seedling drought tolerance in the interspecific cross Setaria italica×Setaria viridis.

Drought tolerance is an important breeding target for enhancing the yields of grain crop species in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Two species of Setaria, domesticated foxtail millet (S. italica) and its wild ancestor green foxtail (S.