Significant enhancement of inhibitory strength of bisphenol A analogs against human and rat 5α-reductase 1 upon halogenation of the benzene ring: Potentially disrupting neurosteroid biosynthesis.

Bisphenol A (BPA) halogenation derivatives, formed via radical or electrophilic substitution, constitute a class of emerging contaminants, with brominated variants dominating the flame-retardant market. Their effect on steroid 5α-reductase 1 (SRD5A1) activity in neural and testicular cells remains unclear. This study examined inhibitory effects of seven BPA analogs on SRD5A1, focusing on dihydrotestosterone synthesis.

Comparative analysis of dorsal and tail skin reveals region-dependent heterogeneity in axolotl skin regeneration.

The mechanisms underlying scarless versus fibrotic wound healing remain a critical challenge in regenerative medicine. To elucidate the mechanisms of scarless repair, the axolotl (), a model organism with exceptional regenerative capacity, has gained increasing prominence. Although axolotls are capable of regenerating complex structures such as limbs and tails, whether their skin regeneration is uniformly scarless-especially across different anatomical sites-remains undefined.

Patient Adherence and the Serum Phosphate, Calcium, and Intact Parathyroid Hormone Control in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients: Effectiveness of Smart PD Care Program.

Introduction: Patient adherence is important for long-term outcomes of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Artificial intelligence is a good tool to manage patients. However, there are limited data regarding its impact on the patient adherence and the effect of patient adherence on serum phosphate, calcium, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) control in PD patients.

Inhibition of brain human steroid 5α-reductase 1 by dithiocarbamates: A Comprehensive enzymatic and structural analysis.

We investigated the inhibitory effects of dithiocarbamates (DTCs) on human steroid 5α-reductase 1 (SRD5A1), an enzyme crucial for the conversion of testosterone or pregnenolone into neuroactive steroids. Utilizing a comprehensive approach that included enzyme assays, molecular docking simulations, and both structure-activity relationship (SAR) and 3D quantitative SAR (3D-QSAR) analyses, we assessed the potency and interaction mechanisms of DTCs with SRD5A1 in human SF126 cells. Our results demonstrated that zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate, disulfiram, ferbam, thiram, and ziram displayed significant inhibitory activity against SRD5A1, with IC values of 1.

Key Connectomes and Synaptic-Compartment-Specific Risk Genes Drive Pathological α-Synuclein Spreading.

Previous studies have suggested that pathological α-synuclein (α-Syn) mainly transmits along the neuronal network, but several key questions remain unanswered: 1) How many and which connections in the connectome are necessary for predicting the progression of pathological α-Syn? 2) How to identify risk genes that affect pathology spreading functioning at presynaptic or postsynaptic regions, and are these genes enriched in different cell types? Here, these questions are addressed with novel mathematical models. Strikingly, the spreading of pathological α-Syn is predominantly determined by the key subnetworks composed of only 2% of the strongest connections in the connectome. Genes associated with the selective vulnerability of brain regions to pathological α-Syn transmission are further analyzed to distinguish those functioning at presynaptic versus postsynaptic regions.

Exploring the Impact of Neuroticism on Lung Cancer Risk: Insights From Mediated Mendelian Randomization.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential association between neuroticism and lung cancer.

Methods: We conducted analyses on publicly accessible aggregated data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that included individuals of European descent. The objective was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with neuroticism and utilize them as instrumental variables in a two-sample Mendelian randomization framework to evaluate the gender-specific causal link between neuroticism and lung cancer risk.

Distinguish risk genes functioning at presynaptic or postsynaptic regions and key connectomes associated with pathological α-synuclein spreading.

Previous studies have suggested that pathological α-synuclein (α-Syn) mainly transmits along the neuronal network, but several key questions remain unanswered: (1) How many and which connections in the connectome are necessary for predicting the progression of pathological α-Syn? (2) How to identify risk gene that affects pathology spreading functioning at presynaptic or postsynaptic regions, and are these genes enriched in different cell types? Here, we addressed these key questions with novel mathematical models. Strikingly, the spreading of pathological α-Syn is predominantly determined by the key subnetworks composed of only 2% of the strongest connections in the connectome. We further explored the genes that are responsible for the selective vulnerability of different brain regions to transmission to distinguish the genes that play roles in presynaptic from those in postsynaptic regions.

m5C methylation of mitochondrial RNA and non-coding RNA by NSUN3 is associated with variant gene expression and asexual blood-stage development in Plasmodium falciparum.

Background: Malaria is caused by Plasmodium spp. and is a prevalent parasitic disease worldwide. To evade detection by the immune system, by switching variant gene expression, the malaria parasite continually establishes new patterns displaying a single variant erythrocyte surface antigen.

Cascaded Ω-shaped fiber-optic-based LSPR coated with hybridized nanolayers for refractive index and temperature simultaneous measurement.

It is important to monitor refractive index (RI) and temperature (T) simultaneously for photo-thermal therapy (PTT) in the blood circulation system. However, the fluctuation of T sways the RI response owing to high cross-sensitivity. To address the issue, a fiber-optic-based localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor with a cascaded structure of a single-mode fiber-multimode fiber-single-mode fiber (SMF-MMF-SMF) is presented for synchronous measurement of RI and T.

Distribution and Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Cordycepin in Rat: Investigated by UHPLC-HRMS/MS and Blood-Brain Synchronous Microdialysis.

Cordycepin, a natural adenosine derivative, exhibits multiple pharmacological effects on organisms. However, its distribution and metabolic characteristics have not been fully elucidated in vivo. In this study, ultra-high liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) was used to investigate the pharmacokinetic characteristics and effects of cordycepin on endogenous adenosine and inosine.

Decoding codon usage in human papillomavirus type 59.

Human Papillomavirus Type 59 (HPV-59) is a high-risk subtype linked to cervical and other cancers. However, its codon usage patterns remain underexplored despite their importance in understanding viral behavior and vaccine optimization. This study reveals a mild codon usage bias in HPV-59, with a notable preference for A/T-ending codons and 29 favored codons, primarily ending in A or T.

Revealing the biological features of the axolotl pancreas as a new research model.

Introduction: The pancreas plays a crucial role in digestion and blood glucose regulation. Current animal models, primarily mice and zebrafish, have limited the exploration of pancreatic biology from an evolutionary-developmental perspective. Tetrapod vertebrate axolotl () serves as a valuable model in developmental, regenerative, and evolutionary biology.

Gold Nanorod Nanolayer-Mediated Photothermal Transfection Promotes DNA Nanomachine Crossing of Cell Membranes for Sensitive Cell Imaging.

The transmembrane efficiency of DNA nanomachines greatly affects the performance of cell imaging. The current transmembrane methods suffer from long time incubation, low efficiency, and potential cyto-toxicity. Here, we report on a novel gold nanorod anolayer-ediated hotothermal ransfection (AuNRs-NMPT) method to deliver a DNA nanomachine across the cell membrane.

Comprehensive Analysis of Codon Usage Bias in Human Papillomavirus Type 51.

Human papillomavirus type 51 (HPV-51) is associated with various cancers, including cervical cancer. Examining the codon usage bias of the organism can offer valuable insights into its evolutionary patterns and its relationship with the host. This study comprehensively analyzed codon usage bias in HPV-51 by examining 64 complete genome sequences sourced from the NCBI GenBank database.

Terahertz metalens for generating multi-polarized focal points and images with uniform intensity distributions.

Metasurfaces have provided a flexible platform for designing ultracompact metalenses with unusual functionalities. However, traditional multi-foci metalenses are limited to generating circularly polarized (CP) or linearly polarized (LP) focal points, and the intensity distributions are always inhomogeneous/chaotical between the multiple focal points. Here, an inverse design approach is proposed to optimize the in-plane orientation of each meta-atom in a terahertz (THz) multi-foci metalens that can generate multi-polarized focal points with nearly uniform intensity distributions.

Clinical significance of peripheral T-cell receptor repertoire profiling and individualized nomograms in patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated with anti-programmed death 1 antibody.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significant clinical benefit for a subset of patients with gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. However, it is difficult to predict which patients will respond favorably to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Thus, this study was initiated to determine if peripheral T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire profiling could predict the clinical efficacy of anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) treatment.

Analysis of sustainable water resource management and driving mechanism in arid region: a case study of Xinjiang, China, from 2005 to 2020.

The long-term dynamic comprehensive evaluation of the water resource carrying capacity (WRCC) and the analysis of its potential driving mechanism in arid areas are contemporary research issues and technical means of mitigating and coordinating the conflict between severe resource shortages and human needs. The purpose of this study was to explore the distribution of the WRCC and the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of drivers in arid areas based on an improved two-dimensional spatiotemporal dynamic evaluation model. The results show that (1) the spatial distribution of the WRCC in Xinjiang, China, is high in the north, low in the south, high in the west, and low in the east.

Integrated multi-omics profiling to dissect the spatiotemporal evolution of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma.

Comprehensive molecular analyses of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are lacking. Here, we generate multi-omic profiling of 257 primary and 176 metastatic regions from 182 HCC patients. Primary tumors rich in hypoxia signatures facilitated polyclonal dissemination.

A novel target state detection method for accurate cardiopulmonary signal extraction based on FMCW radar signals.

Frequency-modulated continuous wave radar is capable of constant, real-time detection of human presence and monitoring of cardiopulmonary signals such as respiration and heartbeat. In highly cluttered environments or when the human body moves randomly, noise signals may be relatively large in some range bins, making it crucial to accurately select the range bin containing the target cardiopulmonary signal. In this paper, we propose a target range bin selection algorithm based on a mixed-modal information threshold.

Important role of precipitation in controlling a more uniform spring phenology in the Qinba Mountains, China.

Under global warming, the gradual pattern of spring phenology along elevation gradients (EG) has significantly changed. However, current knowledge on the phenomenon of a more uniform spring phenology is mainly focused on the effect of temperature and neglected precipitation. This study aimed to determine whether a more uniform spring phenology occurs along EG in the Qinba Mountains (QB) and explore the effect of precipitation on this pattern.

Postoperative circulating tumor DNA combined with consensus molecular subtypes can better predict outcomes in stage III colon cancers: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Precise methods for risk stratification to guide adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III colon cancers are needed. Here, we combined circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with consensus molecular subtype (CMS) to improve risk stratification in stage III colon cancers.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study of 165 patients with stage III colon cancers.