Nonparametric Density Estimation for Data Scattered on Irregular Spatial Domains: A Likelihood-Based Approach Using Bivariate Penalized Spline Smoothing.

Accurately estimating data density is crucial for making informed decisions and modeling in various fields. This paper presents a novel nonparametric density estimation procedure that utilizes bivariate penalized spline smoothing over triangulation for data scattered over irregular spatial domains. Our likelihood-based approach incorporates a regularization term addressing the roughness of the logarithm of density using a second-order differential operator.

Multistep catalytic abiotic CO conversion to sugars through C intermediates.

Carbon dioxide (CO) to multicarbon (C) upgrading for commodity chemicals, fuel production, or artificial food synthesis using renewable energy input is a golden target for researchers in sustainable carbon emission reduction. Here, we explore and analyze a flexible modular roadmap for the task, utilizing sequential electro-, photo-, and organocatalysis to develop a strategy for CO conversion using the key and elusive formaldehyde precursor of interest for sugar generation. We study the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction to methanol in a flow cell and its discontinuous photooxidation to formaldehyde (PMOR) with excellent selectivity.

Preclinical and pilot clinical evaluation of novel dual-modality pet/fluorescence probes targeting FAP for accurate tumor margin delineation.

Purpose: Accurate delineation of tumor margins and maximal safe resection are critical for successful curative oncologic surgery. However, fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted probes suitable for fluorescence imaging remain limited. Here, we developed novel FAP-targeted fluorescent probes to accurately delineate tumor margins and enable rapid intraoperative identification of tumor boundaries in resected specimens.

CO upgrading into bioproducts using a two-step abiotic-biotic system.

The valorization of CO to chemicals beyond C products is receiving significant interest; however, the direct electrosynthesis of C molecules (n > 4) remains a challenge. Here, we present a two-step abiotic-biotic system for upgrading CO into the biopolymer, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). In the electrolysis system, CO is converted into C oxygenates using a Cu-Ag tandem electrocatalyst.

Microbial signatures and ARGs profiles in two coastal ecosystems of Shenzhen under distinct anthropogenic influences.

Megacity coastal areas, under human activity pressure, are recognized as reservoirs of human pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the dynamics and potential health risks under different anthropogenic stressors remain unclear. In this study, surface seawaters were sampled from Shenzhen's western (SZW) and eastern (SZE) coasts, considering the influences of intensive population and industrial activities, as well as tourism and recreational activities.

Biphasic Salt Effects on Germination and Growth Linked to Carbon Fixation and Photosynthesis Gene Expression.

Since the onset of industrialization, the safety of arable land has become a pressing global concern, with soil salinization emerging as a critical threat to agricultural productivity and food security. To address this challenge, the cultivation of economically valuable salt-tolerant plants has been proposed as a viable strategy. In the study, we investigated the physiological and molecular responses of Murr.

Prevalence of errors in lab-made plasmids across the globe.

Plasmids are indispensable in life sciences research and therapeutics development. Currently, most labs custom-build their plasmids. As yet, no systematic data on the quality of lab-made plasmids exist.

Imaging observation of allogeneic bone and bone-induced calcium phosphate biomaterials as supplements in the treatment of infectious bone defects.

ObjectiveTo compare osseous regeneration efficacy of allogeneic bone versus bone-induced calcium phosphate biomaterial (biological artificial material induced artificial bone, BAM-induced artificial bone) in treating tibial infected bone defects.MethodsThis study was a prospective study that enrolled participants hospitalized at Sichuan Orthopedic Hospital for tibial osteomyelitis. These subjects had undergone osteomyelitis surgery and presented with bone defects requiring bone grafting under controlled infection conditions.

Thiophene Expanded Self-Assembled Monolayer as Hole Transport Layer for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 20.78.

Carbazole-derived self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as hole transport layers (HTLs) have achieved groundbreaking progress of device efficiency in perovskite and organic photovoltaics. Expanding the π-conjugation of carbazole is an effective approach to enhance the molecular dipole moment and facilitate charge extraction of SAMs. However, this strategy tends to cause poor solubility and excessive self-aggregation of SAMs.

Identifying AIM2 Circulating Methylation Levels as a Novel Diagnostic Biomarker for Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Targeted DNA Methylation Sequencing.

Introduction: This study investigated the association between cg11003133 DNA methylation and Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), evaluating its diagnostic potential for RA and subtypes.

Methods: MethylTarget™ sequencing targeted cg11003133 (chr1:159076528-159076740) in RA, Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA), gout, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Dermatomyositis (DM), primary Sjögren's Syndrome (SS), and Healthy Controls (HC) patients. Logistic regression, random forest, and XGBoost models were applied, with Spearman's correlation used to assess associations.

Interoceptive sensibility in stroke patients: Latent profile analysis and influencing factors.

Aim: This study aimed to explore the latent categories of interoceptive sensibility in patients with stroke and analyze its influencing factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of 417 patients with stroke in a tertiary hospital in Zunyi from June to October 2024. Socio-demographic information and interoceptive sensibility of participants were obtained using a general information questionnaire and the multidimensional assessment of the interoceptive awareness scale.

Selenoproteins in adipose tissue and obesity.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient for the human body, with its biological functions primarily mediated through selenoproteins. Se homeostasis is closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism, and both selinium and selenoproteins participate in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes, as well as mediating lipid metabolism in adipose tissue. This article reviews the relationship between Se, selenoproteins, and obesity, focusing on key selenoproteins such as selenoprotein P, selenoprotein S, selenoprotein F, glutathione peroxidases, and thioredoxin reductases.

Food neophobia: psychological dimensions of consumer perception and emotional sentiment in social media discourse.

Addressing global food security necessitates exploring future foods, yet their societal acceptance hinges critically on public perception an2d psychological barriers such as neophobia. This study delves into the psychological dimensions underlying consumer perception of future foods, investigating the intricate relationship between food neophobia and these perceptions, and mapping the prevailing emotional landscape surrounding novel food adoption. Employing a Social Media Analytics (SMA) framework to capture ecologically valid public discourse, we utilized social media text analysis, integrating topic modeling and sentiment analysis, to dissect online expressions concerning future foods.

Feasibility of laparoscopic-endoscopic rendezvous technology in high-risk cholecystocholedocholithiasis patients.

The feasibility of one-stage laparoscopic-endoscopic rendezvous (LER) strategy in high-risk cholecystocholedocholithiasis (CCL) requires exploration. Prior to the study, 16 items were approved by hospital administrative and clinical departments to address logistic challenges. A total of 51 Patients were analyzed, median operation time, intraoperative bleeding, duration of nasobiliary drainage tube (NBDT), and posthospital stay were 210 min, 20 ml, 8 days and 10 days, respectively.

Effects of exercise interventions on bone health and body composition in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of exercise interventions on bone health and body composition in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CNKI databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published before October 2024. Data from eligible studies were extracted and analyzed using STATA software.

A Holistic Investigation of Nursing Workflows and Assessment of Susceptibility Across Different Levels of Work Seniority: A Mixed-Methods Study.

Numerous studies emphasize the importance of understanding nursing workflows for effective electronic health record (EHR) development; however, workflow impact on nursing tasks has rarely been investigated beyond time-motion analysis. This mixed-method study examined how nurses perceive workflow structures and explored the influence of these workflows on nursing practices. Using Grounded Theory to analyze semi-structured interviews and regression analysis to examine the relationship between nurses' workflow perceptions and work experience, the study found that 70% of nursing workflows operate at the macro level, characterized by shifts guided by discernible overarching structures despite urgent task interruptions.

DNA methylation as a diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis: a validation study using targeted sequencing.

Objectives: To validate the potential of the serotonin receptor encoded by 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A (HTR2A) cg15692052 DNA methylation as a diagnostic biomarker for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its subtypes.

Methods: MethylTarget targeted region methylation sequencing technology was employed to analyze the DNA methylation levels of HTR2A cg15692052 in RA, health control, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, systemic lupus erythematosus, dermatomyositis, and primary Sjögren's syndrome patients within the region of chr13:46898190~chr13:46897976. Machine learning algorithms were used to analyze data.

Ni-CdS composited with ZnO for improved surface reaction and charge efficiency for photocatalytic hydrogen production from formic acid.

Formic acid (FA) is an ideal liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC). It is of great significance in the construction and design of efficient and stable photocatalytic systems for H generation from FA decomposition. Herein, enhanced photocatalytic H production performance was achieved by compositing surface nickel modified cadmium sulfide (Ni-CdS) with zinc oxide.

Genetic contributions to brain criticality and its relationship with human cognitive functions.

Recently, extensive evidence has demonstrated that the brain operates close to a critical state, characterized by dynamic patterns known as neuronal avalanches. The critical state, reflecting the delicate balance between neural excitation and inhibition, offers numerous advantages in information processing. However, the role of genetics in shaping brain criticality is not fully understood.

Distributed Heterogeneity Learning for Generalized Partially Linear Models with Spatially Varying Coefficients.

Spatial heterogeneity is of great importance in social, economic, and environmental science studies. The spatially varying coefficient model is a popular and effective spatial regression technique to address spatial heterogeneity. However, accounting for heterogeneity comes at the cost of reducing model parsimony.

Novel cancer stem cell-targeted retinoid ZSH-512 impedes colorectal cancer progress via KDM3A-mediated epigenetic reprogramming.

Advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits weak responses to multiple therapies, primarily due to the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which drive high recurrence rates, metastasis, and drug resistance. We have previously systematically conducted CSC-targeted compound discovery and evaluation studies to inhibit CSC-mediated tumorigenesis and metastasis. Here, we identified ZSH-512, a novel synthetic retinoid that selectively targets retinoic acid receptor (RAR)γ, demonstrating its ability to effectively inhibit CRC-CSCs and patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and significantly reduce CSC-mediated tumor formation and liver metastasis in mouse models without noticeable toxicity.

CKDF-V2: Effectively Alleviating Representation Shift for Continual Learning With Small Memory.

In continual learning (CL), the newly arrived data are often out-of-distribution from the previous ones, causing drastic representation shift (RS) when updating the old model on the new data, leading to catastrophic forgetting. In this work, we propose feature boosting calibration (FBC) to tackle this problem. Specifically, an expanded module is trained to learn all the classes, including the old and new classes, discovering critical features missed by the original/old model.

A statistical analysis of causal factors influencing college student's willingness to consume digital music.

Determining the causal factors influencing college students' willingness to consume digital music in China is crucial given the rapid integration of digital technology with the traditional music industry. Chengdu, as a rapidly developing city in China with a thriving youth culture and a significant presence of higher education institutions, provides an ideal setting to explore the factors influencing college students' willingness to consume digital music. Using a mixed-method approach and a sample of 431 college students from various universities in Chengdu, this research examines the impact of perceived value, behavioral attitude, subjective norms, user participation, user stickiness, and psychological needs on digital music consumption intention.