Targeting Tregs in T1DM: bridging heterogeneity, mechanisms, and clinical progress.

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in maintaining immune tolerance and sustaining immunological homeostasis. Emerging evidence indicates that Treg characteristics and functional alterations can significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Notably, recent studies have established a positive correlation between diminished numbers of Tregs and the onset of T1DM.

The mismatch between PM exposure and related health burden during 2000-2023 in the Sichuan Basin, China.

Sichuan Basin (SCB) is a critical region in China facing the dual pressures of air pollution and population aging. This study constructed high resolution (1 km) PM datasets for SCB using advanced machine learning approaches - Super Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks (SRGAN) and Convolutional Neural Network - Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-LSTM). Evaluation results demonstrate good performance of the machine learning model (SRGAN: R = 0.

Unraveling cellular dynamic changes in tumor evolution induced by long-term low dose-rate radiation.

Background: In recent years, there has been a steady increase in professionals engaged in radioactive work. The biological impacts of long-term exposure to low dose-rate radiation remain elusive, as there is a dearth of systematic research in this field.

Methods: BEAS-2B cells were used to establish a cell model with continuous passaging after radiation exposure, which was subsequently subjected to in vivo tumorigenesis assays and in vitro malignant phenotype experiments.

Advancing environmental safety and public health: a comprehensive review of luminescent probes for radioactive element detection.

Recently, radioactive pollutants have garnered significant attention within the realms of environmental science and public safety, such as nuclear energy (, uranium), radiation therapy (, I), and earthquake monitoring (, radon), exerting multifaceted impacts on human health and ecosystems. Therefore, the development of accurate detection technologies for key radioactive elements is of paramount importance and is also an important guarantee for ensuring public safety and comprehensively promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Luminescent probes represent a class of detection methods for radioactive elements, characterized by high sensitivity, simplicity, and visualization.

Aridity-dependent response bias of grassland productivity to precipitation in experiments compared to observations.

Precipitation manipulation experiments and long-term observations have been widely employed to examine the response of ecosystem productivity to changing precipitation. However, whether experiments accurately reflect natural responses remains questionable. Here, we conducted a global reality check analysis using paired datasets from 22 grassland sites that included both experimental and observational measurements.

Heterozygous Germline Fanconi Anemia-Related Gene Mutations Increase Susceptibility to Germ Cell Tumors.

Purpose: Germ cell tumors (GCTs) are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms that predominantly affect adolescents and young adults. Notably, geographical disparities in GCT incidence exist, with higher rates observed in East Asia. Although numerous studies have established links between heterozygous germline mutations in Fanconi anemia (FA) genes and the development of certain human cancers, the association between germline pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in FA genes and the relative risk of developing GCTs remains incompletely characterized.

Anisotropic Optoelectronic Synapses in 2D NbGeTe for Direction-Programmable Neuromorphic Perception and Decision-Making.

Neuromorphic computing presents a promising solution for the von Neumann bottleneck, enabling energy-efficient and intelligent sensing platforms. Although 2D materials are ideal for bioinspired neuromorphic devices, achieving multifunctional synaptic operations with simple configurations and linear weight updates remains challenging. Inspired by biological axons, the in-plane anisotropy of 2D NbGeTe is exploited to develop dual electronic-optical synaptic devices.

Connexin hemichannel blockade by abEC1.1 disrupts glioblastoma progression, suppresses invasiveness, and reduces hyperexcitability in preclinical models.

Background: Connexin (Cx) hemichannels (HCs) contribute to glioblastoma (GBM) progression by facilitating intercellular communication and releasing pro-tumorigenic molecules, including ATP and glutamate.

Methods: The efficacy of abEC1.1, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits Cx26, Cx30, and Cx32 HCs, was assessed in vitro by measuring invasion capability, dye and Ca uptake, glutamate and ATP release in patient-derived GBM cultures or organoids.

Night shift work and sleep duration among middle and older age adults: The role of individual, social, and environmental moderators.

Sleep is a critical yet often overlooked outcome in sociological inquiries into health disparities, acting as a crucial mechanism through which stress translates into health problems. This study investigates the impact of night shift work on sleep duration, a significant but under-explored area in social science research. Utilizing data from 217,863 participants in the UK Biobank, we examine how night shift work impacts sleep duration among middle-aged and older adults in the UK.

Rational design of hierarchical CuO/CuO/SnO branched supernanowires for highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors.

The rational design and synthesis of one-dimensional hierarchical heterojunction materials for high-performance electrocatalytic applications present an enticing prospect in the field of electrochemistry. Herein, barnyardgrass-like CuO/CuO/SnO branched supernanowires were rationally designed and controllably prepared a synergistic process of co-precipitation and microwave treatment to achieve highly sensitive non-enzymatic glucose sensors. These prepared CuO/CuO/SnO ternary hierarchical heterostructures possessed a specific surface area of 102.

Longitudinal interplay among body mass index, sleep duration, and phone dependency in adolescents: data from six waves of two nationally representative cohorts.

Objective: Mobile phone dependency, sleep duration, and body mass index (BMI) are interconnected facets of an adolescent's lifestyle. Existing research has largely yet explored only two of these variables in tandem at between-person levels. This study addresses this gap by examining the temporal dynamics among them over six timepoints, at both between- and within-adolescent levels.

TIGIT in cancer: from mechanism of action to promising immunotherapeutic strategies.

TIGIT immune checkpoint (IC) has attracted great interest in recent years. It belongs to the PVR-like protein family, and it inhibits T and NK cell cytotoxic activities. TIGIT mediates its inhibitory effect by direct signaling through the cytoplasmic tail, CD155-mediated inhibition, or competition with the immune-activating receptor CD226.

Testing the acceptance model of intuitive eating for explaining intuitive eating dimensions and sex differences in Chinese adults.

The acceptance model of intuitive eating posits that unconditional acceptance and body acceptance by others foster functionality appreciation and body appreciation, which, in turn, promote intuitive eating. Although the model has been tested and supported in many empirical studies, most have focused on female adults in Western contexts and treated the multidimensional construct of intuitive eating as a global construct. Consequently, it remains unclear whether the model applies to both male and female adults or whether the model explains different variances in the distinct dimensions of intuitive eating, particularly in non-Western contexts (e.

Global biogeography of airborne viruses in public transit systems and their host interactions.

Background: There is a diverse assemblage of microbes in air in built environments (BEs), but our understanding of viruses and their interactions with hosts in BEs remains incomplete. To address this knowledge gap, this study analyzed 503 metagenomes isolated from air samples from public transit systems in six global cities, namely Denver, Hong Kong, London, New York City, Oslo, and Stockholm. Viral genomes were recovered from samples via metagenomic binning, and viruses' taxonomy, functional potential, and microbial hosts were determined.

Selenium regulated the responses of soil bacterial communities to short-term elevated atmospheric CO stress.

Recent studies highlight essential metallic micronutrients (e.g., zinc, nickel, copper, iron, manganese) in influencing soil microbial structure and functions.

Wearable Devices & Elderly: A Bibliometric Analysis of 2014-2024.

The ageing population demands effective health solutions for the elderly. Wearable devices offer real-time monitoring and early alerts, but a comprehensive review of research in this field is lacking. This study uses bibliometric methods to analyse trends and advances in wearable devices for the elderly.

Balancing Risk and Reward: Dopamine's Central Role in Economic Decision-Making.

Dopamine has been increasingly implicated in shaping economic and financial decision-making, yet much of the evidence remains fragmented across paradigms and mechanistic levels, and heavily based on preclinical or clinical populations. This review synthesises pharmacological, neuroimaging, and genetic findings from studies involving healthy human participants, highlighting dopamine's role in risk-taking, delay discounting, social fairness, reward sensitivity, and feedback learning. It distinguishes between transient state-related effects and stable trait-level influences, and clarifies how dopaminergic tone, receptor subtype activity-particularly D2-and corticostriatal circuitry modulate economic choices.

In Vitro Robotic Chewing Studies of Food Texture Changes During Mastication.

The aim of this study was to investigate food texture changes during mastication using a robotic chewing system. Roasted peanuts and white bread were used as representative food samples to explore how different chewing behaviors affect textural transformations. Initially, the number of cycles required to chew each food sample for swallowing was recorded through in vivo experiments.

Exploring longitudinal associations of appetitive traits with thinness-oriented eating disorder symptomatology in Chinese older adults.

Even though appetitive traits are found to be related to thinness-oriented eating disorder (ED) symptomatology, findings are generally based on younger populations, such as children and young adults. Given both the global and China's rapidly aging population and the impacts of eating behaviors on malnutrition and geriatric health decline, identifying potential correlates for disordered eating is a public health priority. To our knowledge, the relationship between appetitive traits and thinness-oriented ED symptomatology in older adults remains unexamined.

Honeybee-Gilliamella synergy in carbohydrate metabolism enhances host thermogenesis in cold acclimation.

How gut symbionts contribute to host adaptation remains largely elusive. Studying co-diversified honeybees and gut bacteria across climates, we found cold-adapted species (Apis mellifera, A. cerana) exhibit enhanced genomic capacity for glucose, pyruvate, lipid and glucuronate production versus tropical species.

AI-Assisted Art Therapy: Enhancing Psychological Recovery in Work-Related Injuries Through Personalized Emotional Support.

Work-related injuries often trigger anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), where art therapy shows promise but faces personalization limitations. This preregistered study investigated artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted art therapy, utilizing ChatGPT-4, to reduce anxiety and PTSD symptoms and improve emotional well-being in 113 participants recovering from work-related injuries, compared to traditional art therapy. The AI-assisted group received personalized feedback via an AI platform analyzing artwork.

Choline intake during pregnancy influences maternal cognitive function and hippocampal gene expression in late adulthood.

Background And Objective: Women are twice as likely to have Alzheimer's disease (AD) than men and multiparity has been suggested to be a risk factor for dementia. The present study evaluated whether the lack of certain nutrients during pregnancy influences cognition while pregnant and in late adulthood using mouse model.

Methods: Non-targeted NMR analysis was conducted to assess changes in plasma nutrients and metabolites on gestation day 7.

Postbiotic Limosilactobacillus reuteri cultured with Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides ameliorates high-fat-high-sugar-deteriorated colitis and associated hepatobiliary disorders.

Unhealthy diet exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease and its associated hepatic disruptions. The present study demonstrated the superior efficacy of the heat-inactivated Limosilactobacillus reuteri WX-94 (L. reuteri), cultured with Polygonatum kingianum polysaccharides (PKP postbiotic) in ameliorating a high-fat-high-sugar (HFHS)- deteriorated colitis in rats, which outperforming PKP alone, its symbiotic form, and inactivated L.

Counting with ease: Class-agnostic counting via one-shot detection across diverse domains.

Class-agnostic counting is increasingly prevalent in industrial and agricultural applications. However, most deployable methods rely on density maps, which (1) struggle with background interference in complex scenes, and (2) fail to provide precise object locations, limiting downstream usability. The advancement of class-agnostic counting is hindered by suboptimal model designs and the lack of datasets with bounding box annotations.