Regulation of cGAS-STING pathway with inhalable nanozyme in acute lung injury.

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are life-threatening conditions marked by severe inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier. The limited efficacy of current therapies highlights the urgent need for novel approaches targeting key pathological mechanisms. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resulting cascade of amplified inflammatory responses is a key factor in the progression of ALI/ARDS.

A bioactive hydrogel with synergistic Photothermal-photodynamic effects for efficient antibacterial therapy and infected wound repair.

The rise of bacterial drug resistance poses a major challenge in treating infected wounds, highlighting the urgency for developing advanced antibacterial materials. Here, we developed a gelatin-agar hydrogel embedded with AgNPs/CDs nanocomposites, which exhibited efficient photothermal conversion and ROS generation for bacterial inhibition. The nanocomposites were synthesized using carbon dots (CDs) as electron donors to reduce AgNO₃, enhancing bacterial surface interactions and inducing membrane damage.

PPARα deficiency exacerbates retinal pathological changes and dysfunction in high-fat diet mice.

Aim: To examined the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on retinal pathological changes and dysfunction using peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) knockout mice.

Methods: For four months, C57BL/6J and knockout mice received either HFD or a standard diet (SD). A fluorometric method was used to determine the retinal triglycerides.

High accuracy sensor for two-parameter detection of adrenaline and pH in sweat.

Here, we report a wearable device integrating a sweat collection unit and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) - based sensor for the non-invasive detection of adrenaline (AD). In this paper, a new MIP method is proposed, which uses AD molecule as template, and electropolymerizes aniline and 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA) to form molecular imprinting. Surface modifications, incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT) and MIP optimization, enhanced the device's specific surface area by 166.

Improving drug-drug interaction prediction via in-context learning and judging with large language models.

Introduction: Large Language Models (LLMs), recognized for their advanced capabilities in natural language processing, have been successfully employed across various domains. However, their effectiveness in addressing challenges related to drug discovery has yet to be fully elucidated.

Methods: In this paper, we propose a novel LLM based method for drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction, named DDI-JUDGE, achieved through the integration of judging and ICL prompts.

Artery fragment guided approach for enhancing cerebral aneurysm detection in TOF-MRA imaging.

Background: Cerebral aneurysms are a type of cerebrovascular disease that poses a severe threat to life and health. Early screening using Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (TOF-MRA) can effectively reduce the risk of rupture. Despite the importance of early detection, manual image screening remains a laborious and inefficient process.

Nanostructure-gated organic electrochemical transistors for accurate glucose monitoring in dynamic biological pH conditions.

Non-invasive, real-time, and continuous monitoring of trace amounts of glucose in near-neutral biofluids is significant for the daily care and treatment of diabetic patients or people with suboptimal health status. Despite improved sensing performance with novel low-dimensional materials or porous structures in various enzymatic and non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors, they still suffer from high cost, poor long-term stability, and performance fluctuations in varied temperature and pH. This work synergistically combines an Au-modified porous laser-induced graphene (LIG) gate electrode with an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) to create a flexible non-enzymatic glucose sensor.

Evaluation of techniques for automated classification and artery quantification of the circle of Willis on TOF-MRA images: The CROWN challenge.

Assessing risk factors for intracranial aneurysm (IA) development on images is crucial for early detection of high-risk cases. IAs often form at bifurcations within the circle of Willis (CoW), but manual assessment of these arteries is both time-consuming and susceptible to inconsistencies. Previous studies on imaging markers for IA development lack sufficient evidence for clinical implications, highlighting the need for automated methods to assess CoW morphology.

Near infrared LED Irradiation Reverses the Declining Quality of Mice Post-Ovulatory Aging and Reproductive Aged Oocytes.

The advanced maternal age is strongly correlated with a notable decline in oocyte quality, yet definitive and effective strategies to enhance it remain incompletely identified. In this study, we reported that near-infrared light, administered in vitro, efficaciously improves the quality of post-ovulatory aging (POA) and reproductive aged oocytes by recovering mitochondrial activity. Near-infrared light has the capacity to ameliorate abnormalities in mitochondrial membrane potential, optimize mitochondrial distribution, augment ATP synthesis, and modulate the expression of mitochondrial-related genes.

Accelerating promoter identification and design by deep learning.

Promoters are DNA sequences that govern the location, direction, and strength of gene transcription, playing a pivotal role in cellular growth and lifespan. Engineered promoters facilitate precise control of recombinant protein expression and metabolic pathway modulation for natural product biosynthesis. Traditional methods such as rational design and directed evolution have established the foundation for promoter engineering, and recent advances in deep learning (DL) have revolutionized the field.

A host defense peptide-mimicking prodrug activated by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.

The high mortality of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections and the scarcity of antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria urgently call for effective antimicrobial agents. Antimicrobial polymers that mimic host defense peptides (HDPs) have been extensively studied, but in the complex in vivo environment, cationic polymers can interact with polyanionic macromolecules and host cells bearing polyanionic membranes, leading to undesired side effects. Here, we report an "acid-responsive antimicrobial polymer prodrug" strategy and performed a proof-of-concept treatment using HDP-mimicking poly(2-oxazoline)s.

"Cell-On-Demand" Digital Microfluidics for Real-Time Low-Abundance Single-Cell Isolation and Sample Analysis.

Studying low-abundance cells at the single-cell level is critical for revealing unique biological functions. Efficient single-cell isolation technology can significantly enhance low-abundance single-cell detection sensitivity. However, the lack of individual control over each target cell hinders further bio-analysis.

Opto/Catalytic Metal-Organic Framework Adjuvant-Empowered Acidolytic Nanozymes Amplified for Bimodal Glycoprotein Assay.

In this work, an adaptive fusion strategy of acidolytic nanozyme-based sandwich immunoreaction and metal-organic framework (MOF) adjuvants was developed for the inspired establishment of an enhanced glycoprotein assay, in which MOFs can function as dual-signal opto/catalytic adjuvants. The specific means toward the glycoprotein recognition pattern were guaranteed by both antigen recognition as well as glycosylated epitope binding through lectin affinity, and the immediate responses were initiated by textural acidolysis of the typical FeO nanozymes for signal generation. Upon the solid FeO particles being subjected to acidolytic decomposition, the signal generators can be harvested in an on-demand manner.

Neural Organoids Protect Engineered Heart Tissues From Glucolipotoxicity by Transferring Versican in a Co-Culture System.

Metabolic disorders could cause dysregulated glucose and lipid at the systemic level, but how inter-tissue/organ communications contribute to glucolipotoxicity is difficult to dissect in animal models. To solve this problem, myocardium and nerve tissues were modelled by 3D engineered heart tissues (EHTs) and neural organoids (NOs), which were co-cultured in a generalised medium with normal or elevated glucose/fatty acid contents. Morphology, gene expression, cell death and functional assessments detected no apparent alterations of EHTs and NOs in co-culture under normal conditions.

Artificial intelligence for early gastric cancer boundary recognition in NBI and nF-NBI endoscopic images.

Objectives: Precise delineation of early gastric cancer (EGC) margins is essential for complete resection during endoscopic submucosal dissection. This study aimed to develop deep learning-based models for EGC boundary detection in narrow-band imaging (NBI) and near-focus NBI (NF-NBI) images.

Methods: A total of 1215 NBI and 1646 NF-NBI images from EGC patients were used to train three convolutional neural networks (CNN1-CNN3), generating six deep learning models (Model1-Model6).

Multi-functional dumbbell DNA probe design and its application in signal amplification cascade -based assay of human immunodeficiency virus.

Sensitive assay of Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the premise of accurate prevention and con-trol of AIDS. Dumbbell DNA showed promising potential in biosensing, imaging applications. This study presents a highly sensitive biosensing platform integrating dumbbell-shaped DNA probes with rolling circle transcription (RCT)-regulated CRISPR-Cas12a to achieve cascade signal amplification.

Development of a non-transfer microdroplet generation chip and digital molecular detection system.

Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a transformative technology for nucleic acid detection, offering exceptional sensitivity and absolute quantification. In this study, we developed a non-transfer microdroplet generation chip based on a cross-junction flow-focusing mechanism, enabling precise production of uniformly sized water-in-oil droplets. This chip integrates droplet generation and PCR amplification in a closed workflow, eliminating manual transfer steps and reducing contamination risks.

FuHsi maintains nucleolar integrity.

The nucleolus is a dynamic, membrane-less organelle that assembles around ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats and governs ribosome biogenesis. Its structural organization is tightly linked to its function. In our previous work, we identified FuHsi as a novel rDNA transcriptional regulator.

Biomimetic Design and Validation of an Adaptive Cable-Driven Elbow Exoskeleton Inspired by the Shrimp Shell.

The application of exoskeleton robots has demonstrated promising effectiveness in promoting the recovery of motor skills in patients with upper limb dysfunction. However, the joint misalignment caused by rigid exoskeletons usually leads to an uncomfortable experience for users. In this work, an adaptive cable-driven elbow exoskeleton inspired by the structural characteristics of the shrimp shell was developed to facilitate the rehabilitation of the elbow joint and to provide more compliant human-exoskeleton interactions.

AM-DMF-ddRPA: an All-in-One Digital Microfluidic Platform for Rapid and Automatic Digital Nucleic Acid Analysis.

Accurate nucleic acid quantification analysis (NQA) is crucial for disease treatment and prevention. However, existing digital NQA methods often lack sufficient automation and speed. In this study, we introduce a novel rapid and automated active-matrix digital microfluidics-based droplet digital recombinase polymerase amplification method (AM-DMF-ddRPA).

Apnea detection using wrist actigraphy in patients with heterogeneous sleep disorders.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and related hypoxia are well-established cardiovascular and neurocognitive risk factors. Current multi-sensor diagnostic approaches are intrusive and prone to misdiagnosis when simplified. This study introduces an enhanced single-sensor-based OSA screening method, leveraging novel signal processing and machine learning to ensure accurate detection across diverse populations.

Development of an adenosine deaminase-resistant cordycepin prodrug activated by Pseudomonas carboxypeptidase G2.

Cordycepin, also known as 3'-deoxyadenosine, is a bioactive natural antibiotic with numerous pharmacological properties including anticancer activity. Unfortunately, cordycepin is rapidly deaminated by adenosine deaminase (ADA) in vivo, which leads to the inactivation of this potent natural compound. In the present study, an ADA-resistant cordycepin prodrug (2) with the 6-NH masked by a glutamate-based protecting group was developed.

Brain-wide 3D neuron detection and mapping with deep learning.

Significance: Mapping the spatial distribution of specific neurons across the entire brain is essential for understanding the neural circuits associated with various brain functions, which in turn requires automated and reliable neuron detection and mapping techniques.

Aim: To accurately identify somatic regions from 3D imaging data and generate reliable soma locations for mapping to diverse brain regions, we introduce NeuronMapper, a brain-wide 3D neuron detection and mapping approach that leverages the power of deep learning.

Approach: NeuronMapper is implemented as a four-stage framework encompassing preprocessing, classification, detection, and mapping.

Nano-Anesthetics Regulate Neuro-Immune Interaction for Treating Neuropathic Pain.

Neuropathic pain is a multifaceted syndrome posing significant challenges to patient quality of life and healthcare systems. Conventional treatments primarily focus on general pain modulation, which fail to address specific underlying mechanisms, leading to limited efficacy and infinite side effects. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) has played a pivotal role in neuro-immune repair, contributing to vasodilation, nociception, and immune modulation following tissue injury.