Enhancing assistive technology design: Biomechanical finite element modeling for grasping strategy optimization in exoskeleton data gloves.

This paper endeavors to enhance the control mechanisms governing the grasping strategy of exoskeleton data gloves. A comprehensive approach was devised, integrating finite element numerical simulation techniques with the computerized control system of exoskeleton data gloves, establishing a novel, precise, and three-dimensional biomechanical finite element model of the hand. By amalgamating finite element modeling technology, biomechanical understanding, and hand kinematics, a straightforward yet efficient virtual grasping methodology was introduced to replicate three typical grasping actions dynamically.

Analyzing MASLD interventional clinical trial registration based on the ClinicalTrials.gov database.

Objective: With the rising incidence of MASLD, extensive drug research has been conducted in clinical trials. The study examined the design principles and research objectives of MASLD therapeutics, in order to offer guidance to clinical trial participants and decision makers.

Methods: By searching the clinical research trial data registered on clinicaltrials.

Caffeine Inhibits Tau Aggregation and Destabilizes the Fibril Associated with Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A REST2 and Conventional MD Simulations Study.

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a unique tauopathy mostly diagnosed in contact sports athletes, such as those active in American football, boxing, soccer, etc. The hyperphosphorylated fibrillar aggregates composed of self-assembled tau protein are the pathological hallmark of CTE, and inhibiting the aggregation or disassociating the fibrillar aggregates has been considered a promising avenue to prevent or treat CTE. Caffeine (CA) is a well-known psychostimulant and can be found in coffee, tea, and soft drinks.

Selenium-loaded porous silica nanospheres improve cardiac repair after myocardial infarction by enhancing antioxidant activity and mitophagy.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death globally, often resulting to significant loss of cardiac function. A key factor in the pathological progression of MI is the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by dysfunctional mitochondria. However, no antioxidant therapy has been approved for clinical treatment of MI to date.

Multimode Thermal Gating Based on Elastic Ceramic-Carbon Nanowhisker/Nanofiber Aerogels by Strain Engineering Strategy.

The capability to regulate heat transport dynamically and reversibly within solid materials propels advancement in aerospace conditioning, battery thermal control, and energy harvesting/conversion industries. Although aerogels are known for thermal insulation properties, their constant thermal resistance induced by immutable pore structure makes them struggle to reverse-release the accumulated thermal energy. Here, we develop a nanocrystalline whisker/nanofiber aerogel (WFA) thermal gating induced by the self-catalyzed growth strategy, whose elasticity offers possibilities for dynamic thermal management.

Large range parallel compliant pure rotational micropositioning stage driven by two voice coil motors with symmetrical layout.

This paper presents the design of a parallel compliant pure rotational micropositioning stage driven by two voice coil motors aimed at achieving high precision and high responsiveness in pure rotation micropositioning. The stage consists of two leaf-spring based driving arms and a pair of symmetric isosceles trapezoidal mechanisms. The parallel structure of the stage can effectively enhance the system's stiffness and response speed.

Hierarchical agent transformer network for COVID-19 infection segmentation.

Accurate and timely segmentation of COVID-19 infection regions is critical for effective diagnosis and treatment. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) exhibit strong performance in medical image segmentation, they face challenges in handling complex lesion morphologies with irregular boundaries. Transformer-based approaches, though demonstrating superior capability in capturing global context, suffer from high computational costs and suboptimal multi-scale feature integration.

Stereoselective Synthesis of Biology-Oriented Pentacyclic Pyrrolo[2,1-]isoquinoline Scaffolds by Photoredox-Induced Radical Annulations.

We report a visible-light photoredox-induced stereoselective radical 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between tetrahydroisoquinolines and coumarin derivatives, providing a platform for the efficient synthesis of pseudo-natural-inspired fused pentacyclic scaffolds. Using this protocol, a diverse range of valuable fused pentacyclic pyrrolo[2,1-]isoquinolines were efficiently obtained in moderate to good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities. Mechanistic investigations including radical control experiments and light on/off studies indicated that the reaction underwent a visible-light induced radical process.

Design of Electronic Nose Based on MOS Gas Sensors and Its Application in Juice Identification.

Due to its advantages of fast response, low cost, low power consumption, and easy integration, Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) gas sensor is widely used in the electronic nose system (E-nose). However, the MOS sensor has cross-sensitivity to different gases, which can impair the performance of the E-nose. Another key factor affecting the E-nose performance is the extraction method of gas features.

CAML-PSPNet: A Medical Image Segmentation Network Based on Coordinate Attention and a Mixed Loss Function.

The problems of missed segmentation with fuzzy boundaries of segmented regions and small regions are common in segmentation tasks, and greatly decrease the accuracy of clinicians' diagnosis. For this, a new network based on PSPNet, using a coordinate attention mechanism and a mixed loss function for segmentation (CAML-PSPNet), is proposed. Firstly, the coordinate attention module splits the input feature map into horizontal and vertical directions to locate the edge position of the segmentation target.

Advanced Nanomedicine Delivery Systems for Cardiovascular Diseases: Viral and Non-Viral Strategies in Targeted Therapy.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent a leading global health crisis, significantly impairing patients' quality of life and posing substantial risks to their survival. Conventional therapies for CVDs often grapple with challenges such as inadequate targeting precision, suboptimal therapeutic efficacy, and potential adverse side effects. To address these shortcomings, researchers are intensively developing advanced drug delivery systems characterized by high specificity and selectivity, excellent biodegradability, superior biocompatibility, and minimal toxicity.

Research Progress on Chemiresistive Carbon Monoxide Sensors.

The development of high-performance carbon monoxide (CO) sensors is essential for protecting human health, ensuring industrial safety, and maintaining environmental well-being. Among various types of sensors, chemiresistive sensors exhibit considerable promise for real-time applications due to their operational capabilities. To achieve high performances of chemiresistive sensors, this review emphasizes various enhancement strategies, encompassing the refinement of sensing materials, the augmentation of sensor structures, and the optimization of gas recognition algorithms.

Remote Sensing Target Tracking Method Based on Super-Resolution Reconstruction and Hybrid Networks.

Remote sensing images have the characteristics of high complexity, being easily distorted, and having large-scale variations. Moreover, the motion of remote sensing targets usually has nonlinear features, and existing target tracking methods based on remote sensing data cannot accurately track remote sensing targets. And obtaining high-resolution images by optimizing algorithms will save a lot of costs.

Fluorescent Fingerprint Identification of Protein Structural Changes and Disease-Specific Amyloid Beta Aggregates Based on a Single-Nanozyme Sensor Array.

The misfolding of amyloid β (Aβ) peptides into an aggregation state is a central hallmark of the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, conventional methods are mainly focused on detecting a specific Aβ peptide, which makes it difficult to recognize multiple analytes with different topological features and unfolded states at the same time. Here, we propose a simple and universal sensing strategy to construct a fluorescence sensor array by using a single-nanozyme probe combined with three fluorescent substrates as three recognition units to probe the protein structural changes and identify between multiple Aβ assemblies.

Alkali metal lithium doping promotes the high stability and ionic kinetics of cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries.

Layered transition metal oxides for sodium-ion batteries are regarded as the most promising cathode materials for commercialization owing to their high theoretical specific capacity, high rate performance, and low cost. However, their drawbacks, such as unfavorable phase transitions, Na/vacancy disorder, and slow dynamics, seriously hinder their further practical applications. In this work, we prepared a P2-NaNiCoMnO cathode with a heteroatom-substitution doped at the alkali metal position.

Transition State Searching Accelerated by Neural Network Potential.

Understanding transition states is pivotal in the design of efficient chemical processes and catalysts. However, identifying transition states is challenging due to the resource-intensive and iterative nature of current computational methods. This study integrates neural network potentials with physical models to enhance the transition state prediction.

Silica Nanoparticles Loaded With Selenium Quantum Dots Reduce Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Alleviating Ferroptosis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Purpose: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, a significant challenge in cardiovascular treatment, is primarily driven by ferroptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Despite extensive research, no clinical therapies effectively target ferroptosis in IR injury. This study aims to develop selenium-quantum-dot-loaded porous silica nanospheres (Se@PSN) as a novel therapeutic approach to address IR injury.

Mechanistic Insights into the Inhibitory and Destabilizing Effects of K353 Acetylation on Tau Peptides and Protofibrils.

Misfolding and aggregation of microtubule-associated tau protein is implicated in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders (named tauopathies), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). AD is the most common type of dementia associated with aging, and CTE is a special tauopathy that mostly affects contact sports athletes (such as those active in American football and boxing). Experimental studies have found that tau acetylated on residue K353 exhibited a declined aggregation propensity; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive.

Optimal design and analysis of a novel magnetic drive blood pump.

Utilizing magnetic coupling to drive the artificial heart blood pump in a non-contact and wireless manner offers a viable solution that can effectively avoid problems such as percutaneous lead infection. However, the existing magnetic drive blood pumps have problems such as low utilization efficiency and limited transmission torque due to significant leakage of permanent magnets. To address these limitations, this paper introduces a magnetic modulation-based magnetic drive blood pump, which uses salient pole iron sheets to modulate the magnetic field generated by permanent magnets, thereby minimizing leakage and enhancing the efficiency of permanent magnet utilization.

Copper-doped layered double hydroxides co-deliver proteins/drugs for cascaded chemodynamic/immunotherapy via dual regulation of tumor metabolism.

We report here a Cu-doped layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanoplatform to load both monocarboxylate transporter inhibitor diclofenac (DC) and lactate oxidase (LOX) for dual modulation of tumor lactate and redox metabolisms to activate immunotherapy through enhanced Cu-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) of tumors. The formed LDH-DC-LOX nanoparticles with a diameter of 55 nm are stable, can be effectively taken up by cancer cells to regulate lactate through both LOX-mediated catalytic conversion and DC-enabled inhibition of extracellular efflux of lactate, and can exert redox metabolism through CDT via Cu-mediated glutathione (GSH) depletion and Fenton-like reaction with hydrogen peroxide (HO) that can be further accumulated via LOX-mediated catalysis. The major advantage of the developed LDH-DC-LOX nanoparticles lies in the therapeutic synergy and cascade that can be achieved through the loaded DC and LOX for enhanced tumor lactate metabolism regulation, for enhanced Cu-mediated CDT and redox metabolism regulation, and for activation of immunotherapy that can further enhances the Cu-mediated CDT effect.

Assembly of Diverse Allenes via Activator-Free Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective γ-Arylation of Propargylamines with Boronic Acids.

Controlling the reaction selectivity to achieve a precision synthesis is a constant concern for chemists. Here, we report a palladium-catalyzed deaminative coupling of propargylamines with arylboronic acids to generate allene skeletons. Importantly, this approach allows the regioselective γ-arylation of unactivated propargyl tertiary amines to access various allenes in the absence of amino-activating reagents.

Stigmasterol mitigates rheumatoid arthritis progression by decreasing Nrf2/NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis in chondrocyte.

Stigmasterol (Stig), a phytosterol with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether Stig mitigates rheumatoid arthritis (RA) progression by reducing chondrocyte injury. A mouse model of RA was established by intradermally injecting type II collagen into the tail roots of mice.

Fluorine-Free Multi-durable Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabrics Prepared by an Atomization Spraying Method for Self-Cleaning and Oil-Water Separation.

Superhydrophobic textiles have special applications in many fields such as medical treatment, military protection, oil-water separation, etc. In the large-scale pad-dry-cure process, a large number of polymer binders are often added to improve the superhydrophobic durability, resulting in a significant reduction in air permeability. To address this issue, a low-liquid atomization spray method was adopted to fabricate multi-durable superhydrophobic cotton fabrics using ,-bis(2,3-epoxypropyl)hexane-1,6-diamine, a silica precursor, and fluorine-free hexadecyltrimethoxysilane as the main modifiers.

Three-Dimensionally Printed Ionogel-Coated Ceramic Electrolytes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

Stereolithography three-dimensional (3D) printing technology enables the customization of ceramic-based solid electrolyte structures with desired electrochemical properties; however, formulating slurries that both are highly ceramic-loaded and have low viscosity for printing poses a challenge. Here, we propose an ionogel-coated ceramic approach to prepare a shear-thinning fast-ion conductor ceramic (LiLaZrTaO) slurry, which possesses both a high ceramic content of 50 wt % and a low viscosity of 1.53 Pa·s.