Recyclable biphasic enzymatic hydrolysis of extracts to produce Rhamnosyl Icariside II.

Rhamnosyl Icariside II, a rare secondary flavonoid glycoside in , exhibits superior stability and bioactivity than the primary flavonoid glycosides. Converting primary flavonoid glycoside into Rhamnosyl Icariside II is desirable due to separate extraction methods are inefficient. In this study, a recyclable biphasic enzymatic hydrolysis process of extracts to produce high purity RIc was established and optimised.

Influence of dietary intake and eating patterns on reactive hypoglycemic events in patients postesophagectomy: A prospective observational study using continuous glucose monitoring.

Background: Esophagectomy causes anatomical changes that can lead to rapid food transit and reactive hypoglycemia (RH). Patients are advised on eating patterns postesophagectomy to prevent RH, but its true incidence and the impact of dietary recommendations remain under-researched.

Materials And Methods: Individuals >12 months postesophagectomy were recruited from the National Centre for Oesophageal and Gastric Cancer at St James's Hospital in Dublin, Ireland.

Fine tuning wheat development for the winter to spring transition.

The coordination of floral developmental stages with the environment is important for reproductive success and the optimization of crop yields. The timing of different developmental stages contributes to final yield potential with optimal adaptation enabling development to proceed without being impacted by seasonal weather events, including frosts or end of season drought. Here we characterise the role of FLOWERING LOCUS T 3 (FT3) in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) during the early stages of floral development.

Relationship between anxiety and tinnitus development in a rat model.

Tinnitus, the auditory perception of sound without an external environmental stimulus, affects 15% of the human population and is associated with hearing loss. Interestingly, anxiety may be a significant risk factor in tinnitus pathophysiology potentially due to underlying common neural circuits of the auditory and limbic systems. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of stress-induced anxiety on tinnitus development in a rat model.

Boat noise alters behaviour of two coral reef macroinvertebrates, Lambis lambis and Tridacna maxima.

Boat noise has been shown to distract and cause harm to many marine organisms. Most of the study effort has focused on fish & marine mammals, even though invertebrates represent over 92 % of all marine life. The few studies conducted on invertebrates have demonstrated clear negative effects of anthropogenic noise pollution.

Sustained release of dual p38 inhibitors via supramolecular hydrogels to enhance cardiac repair after MI/R injury.

Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase plays an important role in the progression of ventricular muscle inflammation after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R). The inhibition of p38 activation in ischemic myocardium can reduce ventricular muscle remodeling post-MI. However, owing to the dynamic change of p38 in ischemic myocardium after MI, the clinical therapeutic effect of p38 inhibitors is insufficient.

Advances in methods for rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) are important pathogens that are closely associated with hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections.

Effect of the reflection at the soft tissue-bone interface on propagating characteristics of radial extracorporeal shock wave in soft tissue.

This study aims to investigate the effect of reflection at the soft tissue-bone interface on shock wave propagation within soft tissue using finite element methods. Results showed that reflection caused obvious differences in the propagation process and attenuation characteristics of shock waves. The energy flux density (EFD) at the same target was proportional to the impact pressure.

Temperature-induced metabolic performance in early life stages of two brachyuran crabs.

Understanding marine species' metabolic responses to short- and long-term temperature variation is critical for predicting the resilience of communities and ecosystems at local and global scales. This study investigated the effect of temperature on the routine metabolic rate (RMR) across the zoea and megalopa stages of two brachyuran species, Hymenosoma orbiculare and Pinnotheres sp. Respirometry results under temperatures ranging from 11 to 25 °C revealed stage- and species-specific metabolic responses.

AI-assisted near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent sensor for ultrafast and portable visual detection of Bacillus anthracis biomarkers.

Contamination by Bacillus anthracis in food and the environment poses a significant public health risk to both humans and animals, with dipicolinic acid (DPA) serving as an effective biomarker for its detection. In this work, a novel AI-assisted near-infrared ratiometric fluorescent sensing system based on rapid coordination cross-linking and multiple fluorescence response mechanisms was proposed for ultrafast and portable visual detection of Bacillus anthracis biomarkers. A near-infrared (NIR) ratiometric fluorescent probe with multiple fluorescence response mechanisms was developed for sensitive detection of DPA, using carbon dots (B-CDs) and CdTe quantum dots (QD686).

Targeted degradation of hexokinase 2 by a novel engineered bispecific chimeric liposome-based Nano-PROTACs for enhancing tumor chemotherapy.

Aerobic glycolysis is critical for tumor development and metastasis. Regulating the activity of vital metabolic enzymes in the tumor glycolysis process, such as hexokinase 2 (HK-2), is expected for tumor treatment. However, conventional small molecule inhibitors only block the activity of proteases with consistently high doses via occupation-driven pattern, leading to off-target effects which limit their clinical application.

Otolith-derived chemical chronologies reveal distinct patterns in physiology and environmental life histories of deep-sea snappers.

Otolith chemical approaches are widely used to inform fisheries management, supporting the identification of population structure, connectivity, and natal origins. Chemical transects combined with fish age and growth data can reveal individual life histories, highlighting movement patterns and environmental influences within populations. Scaling these distinct variations to the population-level through novel chronological approaches could further boost our understanding of long-term physiological and environmental processes, and their interactions across regions and species.

Perceptions about the use of Behavioral (Eco)Toxicology to protect human health and the environment.

The One Health concept strongly brings into focus the important connections for human and ecosystem health. However, the incorporation of behaviour method guidelines in risk assessment and regulation/policy is not equal between human and ecological disciplines. A survey was conducted on the perceptions and role of behavioural (eco)toxicology in the protection of the human and ecosystem health.

The comparative analysis of lineage-pair traits.

For many questions in ecology and evolution, the most relevant data to consider are attributes of lineage pairs. Comparative tests for causal relationships among traits like 'diet niche overlap', 'divergence time', and 'strength of reproductive isolation (RI)' - measured for pairwise combinations of related species or populations - have led to several groundbreaking insights, but the correct statistical approach for these analyses has never been clear. Lineage-pair traits are non-independent, but unlike the expected covariance among species' traits, which is captured by a phylogenetic covariance matrix arising from a given model, the expected covariance among lineage-pair traits has not been explicitly formulated.

The interaction between nitrogen source and light intensity affects the biomass and phenotypic plasticity of Scenedesmus obliquus.

As critical environmental factors, nitrogen and light not only regulate phytoplankton growth but also influence their phenotypic plasticity. Scenedesmus obliquus, an alga which is famous for its remarkable phenotypic plasticity, was studied to understand its response to varying combinations of nitrogen source and light intensity. It was cultured in media containing different nitrogen sources (NaNO, NHCl, CO(NH)) under a range of light intensities (25, 50, 75, 100, 150 µmol photons m s).

Dietary Supplementation of the Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss by Red Ginseng, Panax Ginseng" Powder: Enhancing Effects on Growth, Immunity and Disease Resistance.

This study aimed to determine the effects of dietary red ginseng, Panax ginseng powder (RGP), on the growth performance, immunity, antioxidant system, and disease resistance of the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Eight experimental groups were established, including a control group and seven groups fed varying levels of ginseng powder (5 to 35 g/kg) over 60 days, followed by a challenge with Streptococcus iniae. The results indicated that ginseng supplementation significantly enhanced growth parameters (P < 0.

Speciation analysis of fungi by liquid atmospheric pressure MALDI mass spectrometry.

Fungal pathogens pose a growing threat to global health, necessitating rapid and accurate identification methods. Here, liquid atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (LAP-MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is applied to fast lipid and protein profiling of Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae from cultured colonies. Species-specific lipid profiles were observed in the m/z 600-1100 range, dominated by phospholipids as confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS).

Metabolic responses to energetic stimuli in female athletes using or not hormonal contraceptives during a high training load period.

Background: Despite growing interest in women's physiology in exercise sciences, the understanding of female athletes' energy metabolism remains limited. This study aimed to analyze substrate oxidation in response to energetic stimuli in female athletes using or not hormonal contraceptives, and to determine the influence of the estradiol-to-progesterone ratio fluctuations on energy metabolism.

Methods: Body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), energy expenditure and substrate oxidation rates (resting, low-intensity walking exercise (4 km/h), and postprandial conditions; indirect calorimetry) were assessed among 32 athletes (23±3 years) during a high-training load period, in athletes using or not hormonal contraceptives (nine and 23, respectively).

The Earth Hologenome Initiative: Data Release 1.

Background: The Earth Hologenome Initiative (EHI) is a global endeavor dedicated to revisit fundamental ecological and evolutionary questions from the systemic host-microbiota perspective, through the standardized generation and analysis of joint animal genomic and associated microbial metagenomic data.

Results: The first data release of the EHI contains 968 shotgun DNA sequencing read files containing 5.2 TB of raw genomic and metagenomic data derived from 21 vertebrate species sampled across 12 countries, as well as 17,666 metagenome-assembled genomes reconstructed from these data.

Tracking subtle seasonal shifts in pigment composition with hyperspectral reflectance in a temperate evergreen forest.

Pigment dynamics in temperate evergreen forests remain poorly characterized, despite their year-round photosynthetic activity and importance for carbon cycling. Developing rapid, nondestructive methods to estimate pigment composition enables high-throughput assessment of plant acclimation states. In this study, we investigate the seasonality of eight chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments and hyperspectral reflectance data collected at both the needle (400-2400 nm) and canopy (420-850 nm) scales in Pinus palustris (longleaf pine) at the Ordway Swisher Biological Station in north-central Florida, USA.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae malate dehydrogenase Mdh1p lacking mitochondrial targeting signal can be re-localized to peroxisomes.

Yeast mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, Mdh1p, is known to form supramolecular complexes with other TCA cycle and mitochondrial dehydrogenase enzymes, including the aldehyde dehydrogenase, Ald4p. These complexes have been proposed to facilitate NADH channeling. Here, we demonstrate that in cells grown to saturation and stationary phases, the endogenous Mdh1p, expressed without its mitochondrial targeting signal (MTS), stays outside mitochondria, in both a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution as well as localized to distinct puncta.

Perilla Seed Hulls Polyphenol Extract: Molecular Characterization and Suppression of LPS-Induced Inflammation in RAW 264.7 Cells via NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

As a dual-purpose medicinal and edible resource, Perilla seeds are rich in bioactive compounds. There are very few studies on the by-product of perilla seed hells. Moreover, there is a lack of systematic research on the chemical composition and biological activity of perilla seed hell polyphenols.