Evolution and function of heat shock protein 90 in economic shellfish: A review.

The phylum Mollusca is one of the most diverse groups, second only to arthropods, whose production through aquaculture and wild capture is increasing due to its nutritional and economic values, especially its protein availability for human consumption. However, the negative influence caused by pathogen infection and environmental challenges has led to low aquaculture productivity and economic losses for shellfish farmers. Heat shock proteins, as molecular chaperones, contribute to the folding of nascent proteins, environmental adaptation, the immune response, etc.

Stimuli-Responsive Luminescent Properties of Dinuclear Cu(I) Complexes Regulated by Hydrogen-Bonding Donors.

The selection of hydrogen-bonding donors is crucial for the development of stimuli-responsive luminescent materials that rely on weak hydrogen-bonding interactions. In this study, we report two novel dinuclear Cu(I) complexes, [Cu(μ-η(,),η(,)-dpa)(μ-dppm)](ClO) () and [Cu(μ-η(,),η(,)-dpa)(μ-dppa)](ClO)·2CHCOCH (), which differ in their diphosphine linkers (CH in dppm vs NH in dppa). X-ray crystallography reveals weak CH···O hydrogen bonds between dppm-CH and perchlorate-O in and weak NH···O interactions between dppa-NH and acetone-O in .

Single-cell transcriptome combined with genetic tracing reveals a roadmap of fibrosis formation during proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Ocular fibrosis, a severe consequence of excessive retinal wound healing, can lead to vision loss following retinal injury. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), a common form of ocular fibrosis, is a major cause of blindness, characterized by the formation of extensive fibrous proliferative membranes. Understanding the cellular origins of PVR-associated fibroblasts (PAFs) is essential to decipher the mechanisms of ocular wound healing.

A Safe, Effective, and Economical Protocol for Rabbit Vertebral Screw Insertion.

Posterior lumbar screw fixation is the most common surgical method for lumbar disc herniation, but patients often face multiple complications postoperatively. The occurrence of screw track loosening can lead to fusion failure and even life-threatening screw track extrusion. However, there is currently a lack of animal models specifically targeting changes in the screw track following lumbar screw fixation.

Thermodynamic Evaluation of Halogen Abstracting Abilities of Diazaphosphinyl Radicals.

Halogen atom transfer (XAT) is a pivotal strategy for generating carbon-centered radicals in organic chemistry, yet current methodologies often rely on toxic tin-based reagents or inefficient organosilanes. This study explores diazaphosphinyl (-heterocyclic phosphinyl, NHP) radicals as new halogen abstractors, leveraging their nucleophilic and halophilic properties. We synthesized a series of NHP-X (X = Cl or Br) compounds, systematically determining their P-X bond energies and related redox potentials.

Brain Insulin Signaling Pathway Regulation of Hippocampal Neuroplasticity in Neurocognitive Disorders: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications.

Neurocognitive disorders represent a significant global health challenge and are characterized by progressive cognitive decline across conditions including Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and diabetes-related cognitive impairment. The hippocampus is essential for learning and memory and requires intact neuroplasticity to maintain cognitive function. Recent evidence has identified the brain insulin signaling pathway as a key regulator of hippocampal neuroplasticity through multiple cellular processes including synaptic plasticity, neurotransmitter regulation, and neuronal survival.

Cyclization-enhanced photoactivatable reversible room-temperature phosphorescence for efficient real-time light printing.

The construction of polymer-based photoactivated room-temperature phosphorescence systems remains a prominent research focus, yet the development of ultrafast activated systems under ambient conditions continues to pose a challenge. In this study, cyclized phenothiazine derivatives bearing diverse substituents are synthesized and incorporated into an amorphous polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix, resulting in significantly enhanced dynamic photoactivation characteristics compared with those of their pristine monomeric counterparts. Under ambient conditions and 2 s irradiation, the lifetime and quantum yield of C[4]PTZ-OH@PVA increase by factors of 1.

Regulating enol-keto tautomerism at the single-molecule level with a confined optical field.

The keto-enol tautomerism, involving a reversible isomerization of the molecule, plays a critical role in organic synthesis, biological activity, and molecular-scale charge transport. It is therefore essential to manipulate the process of keto-enol tautomerism. Unlike typical ketones, β-diketones exist dominantly in the enol form and it is a great challenge to realize enol-keto tautomerism due to the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds in the enol form.

Locked nucleic acid-modified antisense oligonucleotides attenuate scar hyperplasia through targeted inhibition of CTGF.

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is notably upregulated in scar tissue, making it a promising target for therapeutic intervention. Here, we have designed and screened an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) that binds specifically to the exon five sequence of CTGF, with particular emphasis on the use of 2'-O-methoxyethyl (MOE) and locked nucleic acid (LNA) modifications to enhance stability and specificity. experiments demonstrated that both MOE-ASO#1 and LNA-ASO#1 significantly inhibited fibroblast proliferation and extracellular matrix protein expression.

Advances in Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapeutic Strategies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, largely driven by an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) that facilitates tumor growth, immune escape, and resistance to therapy. Although immunotherapy-particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-has transformed the therapeutic landscape by restoring T cell-mediated anti-tumor responses, their clinical benefit as monotherapy remains suboptimal. This limitation is primarily attributed to immunosuppressive components within the TME, including tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).

Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate from Green Tea Reduces Vascular Aging and Endothelial Cell Senescence by Modifying Autophagy and Ferroptosis through the Sirtuin 1 Signaling Pathway.

Vascular aging is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in the older individuals. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the primary active compound in green tea, exhibits cardiovascular protective effects. However, its effect and the underlying mechanism of the same on vascular aging remain unclear.

Serum-derived exomiR-188-3p is a promising novel biomarker for early-stage ovarian cancer.

Background: The exosomal microRNAs (exomiRNAs) are promising novel biomarkers for clinical detection and prognosis assessment of human cancers. The aim of this study was to identify potential exomiRNAs as biomarkers in ovarian cancer (OC).

Methods: The candidate exomiRNAs were screened by analysis of GSE235525, GSE239685, and GSE216150 datasets and further validated in exosome samples from the serum of 61 patients with OC and OC cell lines by qPCR.

The critical role of matrix metalloproteinase 9-mediated microglial polarization in perioperative neurocognitive disorders of aged rats.

Background: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) is a significant clinical syndrome and neuroinflammation is an important pathological process. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as a Zn2+-dependent matrix enzyme, not only maintains the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and synaptic plasticity, but also plays a key regulatory factor in peripheral and central nervous inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MMP9-mediated microglial polarization on surgery-induced neuroinflammation in aged rats and to provide novel targets for prevention and treatment of PND.

Distinct association of HRAS and KRAS with Mn ion illustrated by paramagnetic NMR.

Rat sarcoma virus oncogene (RAS) proteins are of crucial oncogenic proteins and are involved in several essential intracellular processes. The RAS protein has an intrinsic metal binding site for Mg, which is important for the conformational stability of the active site. Recently, it was reported that a second metal ion binding site, located further from the active site in HRAS (Harvey RAS homolog), binds Ca with millimolar affinity.

Medical gases in respiratory diseases: ozone, argon, and nitric oxide as game-changers in therapeutics.

Respiratory diseases pose a significant global health burden, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic strategies. This narrative review consolidates existing knowledge and critically examines the evolving role of medical gases, ozone, argon, and nitric oxide (NO), in respiratory medicine. Based on recent literature, it highlights how these gases, originally used for their physicochemical properties, have now undergone a "functional crossover," revealing their broad therapeutic potential.

Cobalt and Yttrium Doping to Activate Dual-Site Mechanism of Amorphous NiFeOOH for Large-Current Water Electrooxidation.

The difference in hydroxyl adsorption between Ni and Fe sites in NiFeOOH limits the efficient dual-site synergistic mechanism (DSSM) during oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, a novel needle-array electrodeposition is reported for the scalable and efficient fabrication of Co and Y co-doped NiFeOOH catalyst. It achieves an ultralow overpotential of 270 mV at 1 A cm with a small Tafel slope of 30.

A 2-pyridone-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for specific detection and imaging of singlet oxygen in live cells.

Singlet oxygen (O) plays a crucial role in cancer chemotherapy and ROS biology, driving the need for highly specific probes to monitor its dynamics in real time. Herein, we developed the ratiometric fluorescent probe NAP-t-PY, utilizing a 2-pyridone recognition unit. The probe's 1-methyl-3-benzyl-2-pyridone moiety reacts specifically with O [4 + 2] cycloaddition, forming the endoperoxide NAP-t-PY-EP.

Catalysis of Radical Coupling Reaction via Synergistic Action of Oriented External Electric Field and Light Irradiation.

Radical coupling reactions have been widely used in the synthesis of complex organic molecules, materials science, and drug research. However, restricted conditions or special catalysts are required to overcome the energy barrier and trigger the coupling reaction efficiently. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that the C─N radical coupling reactions can be significantly accelerated by an oriented external electric field (OEEF) under synchronous UV irradiation without a catalyst.

Copine family members: Their molecular mechanisms in tumor progression and therapy resistance and their value in tumor diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.

Malignant tumors present a major global health burden, as they generally have a poor prognosis, and the efficacy of available treatments is limited. Copine family members (CPNEs) play crucial roles in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance, as well as in tumor diagnosis and prognostic risk stratification. CPNEs can facilitate tumor cell survival by regulating cell cycle progression and cell death.

An Aggrecanase-Responsive Delivery Hydrogel System of miRNA-17 Facilitates Microfracture-Mediated Articular Cartilage Regeneration by Reprogramming Hostile Inflammatory Niche.

In situ articular cartilage (AC) regeneration is a meticulously coordinated process. Microfracture has been the most extensive clinical approach in AC repair, but it faces challenges such as matrix degradation, generation, and remodeling within a local inflammatory microenvironment. So far, it remains a challenge to establish a multistage regulatory framework for coordinating these cellular events, particularly the immune response and chondrocyte proliferation in microfracture-mediated AC repair microenvironments, which is crucial for promoting AC regeneration quality.

Gbits/s-Level Encrypted Spectral Wireless Communication Enabled by High-Performance Flexible Organic Hyperspectrometer.

The exponential growth of data in the information era has pushed conventional optical communication technology to its limitations, including inefficient spectral utilization, slow data rate, and inherent security vulnerabilities. Here, a transformative high-speed organic spectral wireless communication (SWC) technology enabled by a flexible, miniaturized, and high-performance organic hyperspectrometer is proposed that integrates ultrahigh-speed data transmission with hardware-level encryption. By synergistically combining organic photodetector arrays with tunable responsivities and spectral-tunable organic filters, the organic hyperspectrometer achieves a broad spectral detection range of 400 to 900 nm, resolution of 1.

Molecular characterization of endosomal self RNA Rmrp-engaged TLR3 dimerization to prime innate activation.

The pre-dimerization of endosome-localized RNA sensor Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) is required for its innate recognition, yet how TLR3 pre-dimers are formed and precisely primed for innate activation remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that endosome-localized self RNA Rmrp directly binds to TLR3 and induces TLR3 dimerization in the early endosome but does not interact with endosome-localized TLR7, TLR8, TLR9 or cytoplasmic RNA sensor RIG-I under homeostatic conditions. Cryo-EM structure of Rmrp-TLR3 complex reveals a novel lapped conformation of TLR3 dimer engaged by Rmrp, which is distinct from the activation mechanism by dsRNA and the specific structural feature at the 3'-end of Rmrp is critical for its functional interaction with TLR3.

Indole-based natural product for plant protection: Discovery of alkaloid barrettin and its derivatives as novel antiviral and antifungal agents.

The extensive use of highly toxic and residual pesticides has a significant negative impact on agricultural production and the ecological environment. The development of new green antiviral agents has become a major demand for ensuring the development of green ecological agriculture. Indole alkaloids are widely present in nature and have diverse biological activities.

HMGB1 contributes to pancreatic fibrosis by regulating TLR4-mediated autophagy and the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in chronic pancreatitis.

The characteristic pathological change in chronic pancreatitis (CP) is pancreatic fibrosis. In the early stages of CP development, injured acinar cells induce the infiltration of inflammatory cells, followed by pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation. Activated PSC induce the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and promote the development of pancreatic fibrosis.