Deep eutectic solvent extraction of polysaccharides from Gastrodiae elata with ultrasonic and enzymes assistance: Process optimization, structure, and antioxidant activity.

Gastrodia elata polysaccharides (GEPs) have garnered attention due to their various bioactivities; however, their current extraction yield is low, limiting widespread application. This study employed ultrasonic enzyme-assisted deep eutectic solvent (DES) extraction to enhance efficiency and compared the physicochemical properties, structure, and antioxidant activity of the polysaccharides with those obtained by traditional hot water extraction. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) was used to explore the DES14 extraction mechanism.

Traditional and novel organophosphate esters in atmosphere of greenhouse covered with mulch films: Seasonal variations, partitioning and exposure risks.

Mulch films play a critical role in the accumulation of organophosphate esters (OPEs) in greenhouse soils. However, their impact on the occurrence, partitioning and health risks of atmospheric OPEs is unclear. This study fully investigated multi-media distributions of eleven traditional OPEs and four novel OPEs in greenhouses covered with degradable mulch films.

Fluorescence sensor based on layer-by-layer ligand self-assembled gold nanoclusters for on-site monitoring of chlorpyrifos.

The application of simple, sensitive, and reliable fluorescence sensors to measure trace targets still remains challenges, especially in identifying ideal fluorophores and developing innovative strategies. Herein, layer-by-layer self-assembly triple-ligand gold nanoclusters (L3-AuNCs) were developed using 6-aza-2-thiothymine, L-arginine, and trimethylphenylammonium, where the three ligands effectively suppressed the non-radiative decay of L3-AuNCs and helped achieve a high absolute quantum yield of 28.34%.

A novel idiotypic-based noncompetitive immunoassay based on the dissociation of immunocomplex for detection atrazine in vegetables.

Atrazine is a selective systemic herbicide of the chlorotriazine class that is commonly used for controlling annual broadleaf and grassy weeds. However, its residue can harm the environment and human health. We have therefore developed a novel idiotypic-based noncompetitive immunoassay for the detection of atrazine by exploiting the distinctive recognition properties of anti-idiotypic antibodies.

Investigation of Body Fluids Intervention Impact on Aptamer Screening via Capillary Electrophoresis.

Aptamers have presented considerable potential for disease diagnoses but still face a great challenge from the discrepancy between their screening conditions and real application in body fluid matrices (BFMs). In this study, we investigated the impact of BFM intervention on aptamer screening based on CE efficient separation and introduced adaptive screening strategies directly under the BFM background. Five BFMs, including serum, tears, artificial cerebrospinal fluid, saliva, and embryonic fluid, demonstrated the potential differentiating effects on aptamer screening based on the characterization of their "fingerprint-like profile" and their interactions with ssDNA libraries.

Organophosphate pesticides modulate gut microbiota and influence bile acid metabolism in an in vitro fermentation model.

Widely used organophosphate (OP) pesticides are shown to be of acute neurotoxicity; however, OP residues were frequently reported to be present in our living surroundings, posing a risk to human health. In this study, the effects of OP pesticides on gut microbiota mediated bile acid metabolism were investigated using a simple batch fermentation in vitro model, in which mouse fecal samples were incubated with six OPs and a mixture of bile acids. Samples were taken during the 24 h incubation and bile acid profiles were quantified by LC-MS/MS.

Dissipation and metabolism of fluxapyroxad, oxathiapiprolin and penthiopyrad in grapes: A comprehensive risk assessment from field to raisins.

Understanding the residue fate of new pesticides in crops is essential to ensure their safe use and to safeguard human health. The present study examined the dissipation, metabolism, processing factors (PFs) and risk assessment of fluxapyroxad, oxathiapiprolin and penthiopyrad in grapes from field to raisins. The half-lives of the three pesticides in grapes ranged from 9.

Enhancing remediation of As-contaminated orchard soil through intercropping Pteris vittata with low-accumulating peach trees.

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of heavy metal contamination in orchard soils has posed a threat to the quality and edible safety of fruits. To investigate the remediation efficiency and explore the application potential of intercropping patterns featuring hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata in orchards, this study focused on peach trees, a major economic fruit crop, and conducted a systematic examination of intercropping in As-contaminated orchard soil. First, the screening pot experiment compared the As accumulation ability of 10 main peach cultivars in local areas.

Tangeretin Suppresses Fumonisin Production by Modulating an NmrA- and HSCARG-like Protein in .

Fumonisins are polyketide-derived mycotoxins posing significant health threats to humans and animals. Among these, fumonisin B (FB) is the most prevalent mycotoxin, primarily produced by , especially in maize and its derived products. Tangeretin, a polymethoxyflavonoid, has been identified as having potential medicinal properties, particularly as an antioxidant.

Occurrence and health risk assessment of phthalate ester pollution in mulched farmland soil at a national scale, China.

Phthalate esters (PAEs), widely used as plasticizers in mulching films, are emerging contaminants of concern in farmland soils. However, systematic data on their pollution characteristics and health risks in long-term mulched soils across China remain limited. In this study, 53 typically mulched farmland soil samples from 29 provinces were analyzed using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to investigate PAEs occurrence, spatial distribution, drivers, and risks.

Multifunctional applications of silk fibroin in biomedical engineering: A comprehensive review on innovations and impact.

Silk fibroin (SF) is a biomaterial naturally produced by certain insects (notably silkworms), animals such as spiders, or through recombinant methods in genetically modified organisms. Its exceptional mechanical properties, biocompatibility, degradability, and bioactivity have inspired extensive research. In biomedicine, SF has been utilized in various forms, including gels, membranes, microspheres, and more.

Broflanilide induces zebrafish neurobehavioral defects by interfering with synaptic homeostasis.

Broflanilide is a novel bisamide insecticide that is extensively used. Previous study reported that broflanilide induced neurotoxicity during zebrafish embryonic development, however, its behavior impact and the involved neural cell heterogeneous mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we performed a series of neuro-behavior test for adult zebrafish that were exposed to 5 and 25 μg/L broflanilide for 30 days.

Leaf absorption contributes to accumulation of microplastics in plants.

Plant absorption is important for the entry of many pollutants into food chains. Although terrestrial microplastics (MPs) can be absorbed by the roots, their upward translocation is slow. Meanwhile, atmospheric MPs are widely present, but strong evidence on their direct absorption by plants is still lacking.

Separation and Identification of Conventional Microplastics from Farmland Soils.

Microplastics (MPs) pollution in the terrestrial environment has received increasing attention over the last decade, with increasing studies describing the numbers and types of MPs in different soil systems and their impacts on soil and crop health. However, different MPs extraction and analytical methods are used, limiting opportunities to compare results and generate reliable evidence for industry advice and policymakers. Here, we present a protocol that describes the methodology for sampling, separation, and chemical identification of conventional MPs from soil.

Chloride-enhanced degradation of micropollutants in natural water by the iron/biochar/peroxymonosulfate system: Role of iron(IV) and radicals.

The increased occurrence and concentration of micropollutants in water supplies raise public health concerns. Advanced oxidation of micropollutants in real water sources remains challenging due to scavenging reactions involving background anions and natural organic matter. For the first time, this paper demonstrates that chloride (Cl) accelerates the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) by iron-biochar (Fe/BC) composites.

Determination of A1 and A2 β-casein in cow milk by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.

A2 β-CN milk has gained widespread acceptance due to its nutritional benefits. To verify the authenticity and detect adulteration and contamination in A2 milk, we developed an HPLC-MS/MS method for determining the characteristic peptides of A1 and A2 β-CN in cow milk. The method demonstrated good specificity, sensitivity, and linearity for both A1 and A2 characteristic peptides, with limit of detection of 0.

The development and application of SERS-based lateral flow immunochromatography in the field of food safety.

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering-Lateral Flow Immunoassay (SERS-LFIA) inherits the advantages of simplicity, rapidness, and stability from Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA), while integrating the sensitivity and accuracy of SERS, thereby attracting extensive attention in the field of food safety monitoring. This paper delves into the design strategies and principles underlying SERS-LFIA, introducing the detection formats based on SERS and contrasting the differences between traditional Raman molecules and those located in the Raman-silent region. It analyzes two immunoassay methods, namely sandwich and competitive, along with their respective applications.

Quality analysis and characteristic difference identification of organic tea and conventional planting tea based on ICP, HPLC and machine algorithm.

With the continuous expansion of the organic tea industry, distinguishing the authenticity of organic tea is crucial to maintain the market's stability. Thus, organic and conventional planting teas (green teas) of Dajianshan were selected as the objects in this study. The components (water extract, polyphenols, mineral element, etc.

Establishing Detection Methods for Okadaic Acid Aptamer-Target Interactions: Insights from Computational and Experimental Approaches.

The binding interactions between okadaic acid (OA) aptamers and OA molecules are crucial for developing effective detection methods. This study aims to identify the recognition site and establish a reliable detection protocol through computational simulations and experimental validations. After determining the target sequence (OA-2), molecular docking simulations using Sybyl-X and H-dock were conducted to predict the binding affinity and interaction sites of OA aptamers with their targets.

Magnolol protects C6 glioma cells against neurotoxicity of FB1 via modulating PI3K/Akt and mitochondria-associated apoptosis signaling pathways.

Fumonisin B1 (FB1) is a contaminant commonly occurring in crops and food. Mycotoxin contamination, including FB1, has been progressively shown to be an important risk factor in mediating neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases. Studies have found that magnolol (MAG) exhibits favorable pharmacological effects in the central nervous system.

Phosphorylated Eriocheir sinensis Rab10 regulates apoptosis and phagocytosis to defense Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection.

The Rab GTPases play a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses towards viruses and bacteria infection in invertebrates. The proteomic data revealed Eriocheir sinensis Rab10 (EsRab10) phosphorylation was strongly decreased following Spiroplasma eriocheiris infection. However, the regulatory mechanism by which Rab10 modulates the innate immunity of E.

RNA interference-mediated silencing of GNBP2 reduces the immunity of stored pest Tribolium castaneum against bacteria.

Gram-negative bacteria binding proteins (GNBPs) are involved in regulating the immune response of insects. The information on functions and mechanisms of insect GNBPs in innate immunity will contribute to biological control of pests. Tribolium castaneum is a serious, world-wide pest damaging stored food and feed products.

Improving compound identification results by automatically recognizing in-source fragment ions in HRMS with AntDAS: A study on accurate pesticide screening in complex food samples.

Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry has been extensively used for compound identification in an untargeted manner. However, current methods still cannot accurately screen and identify compounds in the presence of in-source fragment ions. Here, we proposed an in-source fragment ion-based strategy to precisely recognize compounds.

Molecular and Biological Characterization of an Isolate of Fusarium graminearum dsRNA mycovirus 4 (FgV4) from a New Host .

Wheat Fusarium crown rot (FCR), mainly caused by , is one of the most important diseases. Some mycoviruses are reported to have a hypovirulence trait and considered as a biocontrol agent for plant fungal diseases. In most cases, mycovirus biological effects have not been explored clearly.

Effect of Multiyear Biodegradable Plastic Mulch on Soil Microbial Community, Assembly, and Functioning.

The increasing use of biodegradable plastic mulch like polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) has raised concerns about its long-term environmental impact. In this study, we investigated the effects of multiyear PBAT mulch application on bacterial and fungal communities, assembly mechanisms, and key ecological functions. The microbial community diversity and composition were significantly altered after multiyear biodegradable plastic mulching.