Stigma Towards Female Clients Who Inject Drugs Among Healthcare Providers in Ukraine.

: In Ukraine women account for quarter of all people who inject drugs. Apart from several non-governmental organizations that provide advocacy and empowerment services to women who inject drugs (WWID), there are no integrated full-service health care facilities tailored specifically to the needs of WWID in Ukraine. They often have diminished access to drug use treatment, health and social services due to bureaucratic rules and processes at the institutions and stigmatizing attitudes among health care providers.

Real-world observations of GLP-1 receptor agonists and SGLT-2 inhibitors as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have potential beneficial effects in Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: We conducted pharmacoepidemiologic studies using two large-scale real-world databases. We fitted covariate-adjusted Cox models to compare the risks of AD among initiators of GLP-1 receptor agonists, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and DPP-4 inhibitors.

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Discrimination, Nativity, and Associations with Tobacco and Cannabis Use Among Black Young Adults in the U.S.

Objective: Adverse experiences during childhood (ACEs) and other adversities, such as experiences of discrimination are important risk factors for substance use, particularly among Black individuals in the United States (U.S.).

Targeting dormant tumor cells to prevent recurrent breast cancer: a randomized phase 2 trial.

Breast cancer recurrence may arise from dormant disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) that persist in bone marrow and other sites. Clinically, DTCs are independently associated with breast cancer recurrence and death. Preclinical studies in mouse models identified autophagy and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling as critical mechanisms of tumor dormancy and escape.

Radical nephroureterectomy vs kidney sparing surgery for upper tract urothelial carcinoma in solitary kidney patients: a multi-institutional analysis of the ROBUUST 2.0 registry.

Purpose: Radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in solitary kidney patients is a rare and underreported scenario. This study aims to compare the outcomes of UTUC solitary kidney patients becoming anephric after RNU to those of patients undergoing kidney-sparing surgery (KSS).

Methods: Data from patients with a solitary kidney were retrieved from the ROBUUST 2.

Enucleation for insulinoma: consolidating evidence through systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Pancreas-preserving procedures such as enucleation (EN) are indicated for select patients with insulinomas. Despite the increasing popularity of EN, no consensus has been reached on the preferred surgical approach for the management of insulinomas. The aim of this meta-analysis of proportions is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of EN for patients with pancreatic insulinoma.

Impact of myotomy length on per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) outcomes for achalasia: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Introduction: Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been established as a safe and effective intervention for Type I and II achalasia. Studies have shown that short POEM is non-inferior to long POEM, with some evidence of decreased incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This meta-analysis aims to systematically review and analyze randomized controlled trials (RCTs) data comparing clinical and safety outcomes for long and short POEM procedures while further investigating differences in GERD and other long-term clinical outcomes.

Robotic vs. laparoscopic surgery at the operational level: an investigation of surgeons' perspectives.

Introduction: The Robotics Committee of the Society of American Gastrointestinal and Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES) conducted a study of surgeons' perspectives on robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) as compared to laparoscopic surgery (LS) in four domains: performance, requirements, challenges, and surgical care outcomes.

Methods: An exploratory sequential mixed-methods study was performed with a thematic analysis of surgeon interviews using the framework method, followed by an online survey of SAGES Robotics Committee members. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and ANOVA were utilized for analysis.

Establishment of Drosophila intestinal cell lines as tools for multiomic screening and deciphering intestinal biology.

The Drosophila intestine is a powerful model for stem cell dynamics and epithelial biology, yet no intestinal derived cell lines have been available until now. Here, we describe the establishment of Drosophila intestinal cell lines. The cell lines were derived from the embryonic intestine through specific Ras expression and show continuous proliferation and the ability to be frozen and re-thawed.

Allograft Prosthetic Composites in Complex Primary and Revision Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty.

Substantial bone loss at the time of complex primary and revision shoulder or elbow arthroplasty is challenging. Large bone defects compromise component support and important muscle-tendon units. Megaprosthesis, osteoarticular allografts, vascularized bone transfers, fusions, and allograft prosthetic composites (APCs) have all been described for reconstruction in these difficult situations.

Proinflammatory Stress Activates Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2-Based Generation of a Ceramide-Enriched β-Cell EV Subpopulation.

Mechanisms connecting β-cell stress to extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo and diabetes are poorly defined. Does β-cell inflammatory stress engage neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2)-dependent EV formation to generate ceramide-enriched small EVs? Proinflammatory cytokines increased β-cell small EV ceramide via increases in nSMase2. Ceramide-enriched EVs housed distinct cargo linked to insulin signaling, and ceramide species were enriched in plasma EVs from individuals with type 1 diabetes.

The Effects of Notetaking Modality and Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Learning.

College students with attention/deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) exhibit difficulty in lecture notetaking, which may exacerbate persistent academic difficulties. Higher ADHD symptoms are related to slower handwriting speed (HWS), potentially disrupting learning during the notetaking process. This study investigated whether typing notes could compensate for slower HWS and facilitate more learning than handwritten notes in individuals with higher ADHD symptoms.

The impact of alternative care pathways adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of non-communicable diseases at a tertiary care hospital in Thailand.

Background: Management of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM), was significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many institutions adopted alternative care pathways, e.g.

Increased platelet counts are associated with female sex and asthma severity.

Background: Significant sex differences occur in asthma phenotypes across the lifespan. Platelet activation is associated with a steroid-refractory asthma phenotype.

Objective: We sought to test the hypothesis that higher platelet counts in females are associated with increased prevalence and severity of asthma compared with males.

How sex shapes transcriptome evolution in the songbird brain.

Sex differences have captivated scientists for a long time, yet the evolutionary rate of change in sex-biased gene expression has not been directly quantified. To address this issue, we leverage brain gene expression data from male and female songbirds. To do this, we introduce new options for unbounded Brownian motion and variable evolutionary rates among genes in the software package CAGEE (Computational Analysis of Gene Expression Evolution).

Constructing and Using Cell Type Populations of the Human Reference Atlas.

The human body contains ~27-36 trillion cells of up to 10,000 cell types (CTs) within a volume of ~62-120 liters (males) and 52-89 liters (females). The Human Reference Atlas (HRA) v2.3 provides a quantitative 3D framework of CTs across 73 reference organs and 1,283 3D anatomical structures (ASs).

White Matter Tract Vulnerability to Amyloid Pathology on the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss, due to the abnormal accumulation of amyloid-beta () plaques, followed by tau pathology, and a gradually spreading pattern of neuronal loss. Understanding how amyloid positivity affects the brain's neural pathways is critical for understanding how the brain changes with AD pathology. Tractometry offers a powerful approach for the , 3D quantitative assessment of white matter tracts, enabling the localization of microstructural abnormalities in diseased populations and those at risk.

DeepBiome: A Phylogenetic Tree Informed Deep Neural Network for Microbiome Data Analysis.

Evidence linking the microbiome to human health is rapidly growing. The microbiome profile has the potential as a novel predictive biomarker for many diseases. However, tables of bacterial counts are typically sparse, and bacteria are classified within a hierarchy of taxonomic levels, ranging from species to phylum.

A novel two-sample Mendelian randomization framework integrating common and rare variants: application to assess the effect of HDL-C on preeclampsia risk.

Mendelian randomization (MR) has become an important technique for establishing causal relationships between risk factors and health outcomes. By using genetic variants as instrumental variables, it can mitigate bias due to confounding and reverse causation in observational studies. Current MR analyses have predominantly used common genetic variants as instruments, which represent only part of the genetic architecture of complex traits.

Refining the Composition and Significance of Human Renal Intratubular Casts Using Spatial Protein Imaging.

Background: Renal intratubular casts are frequently observed in the distal nephron segments of the kidney and have long been regarded as a sign of renal disease. However, the composition and pathological significance of intratubular casts have remained understudied.

Methods: We leveraged Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining to identify intratubular casts along with concurrent Co-detection by indexing (CODEX) multiplexed spatial protein imaging on human kidney biopsy sections from the Kidney Precision Medicine Project (KPMP).

Markers of left atrial cardiopathy and cognitive function trajectories in adults aged ≥45 years without atrial fibrillation: a population-based study.

Introduction: The study aims to investigate associations between markers of atrial cardiopathy and cognitive function trajectories in adults without prior AF.

Methods: The study included 4,486 participants from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Markers of atrial cardiopathy included atrial premature complexes and N-Terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT pro-BNP).

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapy Restores Intestinal Integrity and Attentuates Inflammation in a Preterm Piglet Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening gastrointestinal disease of prematurity characterized by inflammation, necrosis, and high morbidity. Current therapies are limited, necessitating the development of novel treatments. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown promise in murine NEC models.