Amplifying antigen-induced cellular responses with proximity labelling.

Antigen-induced clustering of cell surface receptors, including T cell receptors and Fc receptors, represents a widespread mechanism in cell signalling activation. However, most naturally occurring antigens, such as tumour-associated antigens, stimulate limited receptor clustering and on-target responses owing to insufficient density. Here we repurpose proximity labelling, a method used to biotinylate and identify spatially proximal proteins, to amplify designed probes as synthetic antigen clusters on the cell surface.

Trends in the incidence of lung cancer in never smokers in Eastern China: a retrospective population-based cohort study using regional electronic health records.

Objectives: Although lung cancer in never smokers (LCNSs) accounts for an estimated 25% of all lung cancer cases, the temporal trends in LCNS incidence and its broader epidemiological patterns remain poorly understood. Our study examines the temporal trends in LCNS incidence and analyses key epidemiological characteristics, specifically, the trends in mortality rates, survival rates and changes in age at onset to illuminate the reasons for temporal trends in LCNS incidence.

Design: Retrospective population-based cohort study.

NR1I3 inhibits colorectal cancer growth by enhancing PCK1-mediated gluconeogenesis.

There is increasing evidence that nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 (NR1I3) plays a significant role in the progression of many malignancies. However, it is unclear whether NR1I3 suppresses colorectal cancer (CRC) growth or alters gluconeogenesis. Western blotting, flow cytometry analysis, cell proliferation, colony formation assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‒PCR), gluconeogenesis tests, and animal models were used to examine the functional role of NR1I3 in CRC cells.

CrossNeXt: ConvNeXt-based cross-teaching with entropy minimization for semi-supervised liver segmentation from abdominal MRI.

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence have significantly enhanced the efficiency of abdominal MRI segmentation, thereby improving the screening and diagnosis of liver diseases. However, accurate precise liver segmentation in MRI remains a challenging task due to the high variability in liver morphology and the limited availability of high-quality annotated datasets. To address these challenges, this study presents an advanced semi-supervised learning framework that integrates cross-teaching with pseudo-label generation and intra-batch entropy minimization.

Interferon-induced senescent CD8 T cells reduce anti-PD1 immunotherapy efficacy in early triple-negative breast cancer.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack predictive biomarkers to guide immunotherapy, especially during early-stage disease. To address this issue, we used single-cell RNA sequencing, bulk transcriptomics, and pathology assays on samples from 171 patients with early-stage TNBC receiving chemotherapy with or without immunotherapy. Our investigation identified an enriched subset of interferon (IFN)-induced CD8 T cells in early TNBC samples, which predict immunotherapy nonresponsiveness.

Cisternal Contrast-Enhanced MRI Reveals Post-Stroke Glymphatic Impairment and Compensatory Metabolic Waste Clearance via Microglia/Macrophages.

Recent studies have shown that the glymphatic system plays a crucial role in driving hyperacute edema after ischemic stroke. This has sparked interest in understanding how this system changes in later phases of ischemic stroke. In this study, we utilized cisternal contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRI) and immunofluorescence staining to investigate glymphatic system alterations at subacute and chronic phases of ischemic stroke.

An evaluation of the tumor microenvironment through CALR, IL1R1, IFNB1, and IFNG to assess prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer patients.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cell death sparking adaptive immune responses that can reshape the tumor microenvironment. Exploring key ICD-related genes in bladder cancer (BLCA) could enhance personalized treatment. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BLCA patients were divided into two ICD subtypes: ICD-high and ICD-low.

Expert consensus regarding the clinical application of liver contrast-enhanced US with Sonazoid (Sonazoid CEUS).

Sonazoid, a combined blood pool and Kupffer-cell agent, can be specifically phagocytosed by Kupffer cells in the liver, allowing lesion detection and characterization of focal liver lesions (FLLs) at the post-vascular phase apart from the vascular phase which is similar to that of other second-generation US contrast agents. Sonazoid CEUS is currently approved for use in some Asian countries. With the increasing use of Sonazoid CEUS for FLLs in clinical practice, developing consensus or guidelines to help standardize its use is required.

Fully-connected network-based prediction model for lymph node metastasis in clinical early-stage endometrial cancer: development and validation in two centers.

Objective: The risk of lymph node metastasis significantly influences the choice of surgical strategy for patients with early-stage endometrial cancer. While sentinel lymph node dissection can be considered in clinically early-stage endometrial cancer, lymph node evaluation might be omitted in patients with very low risk of lymph node metastasis. This study aims to develop a predicting model for lymph node metastasis in these patients, identifying potential metastases as thoroughly as possible to provide clinicians with a preoperative reference that helps in decisions about surgical procedures and treatments.

Application of MRI-guided hysteroscopic one-step resection in preserving the fertility of early endometrial cancer patients.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the role of MRI-guided hysteroscopic one-step precise resection in diagnosing suspected myometrial invasion (MI) of endometrial cancer (EC) in patients desiring fertility preservation and to analyze the impact of suspected MI on the outcomes of fertility-preserving treatments.

Methods: A total of 169 patients with early-stage endometrial cancer who required fertility preservation were enrolled. Among them, 103 cases were ruled out for myometrial invasion by MRI (control group), while 66 cases exhibited suspected myometrial invasion.

Implementation of intelligent All-in-one technology in rectal cancer radiotherapy: A retrospective study on automation efficiency and safety.

Purpose: This study aims to assess percentage of automated AIO plans that met clinical treatment standards of radiotherapy plans generated by the fully automated All-in-one (AIO) process.

Methods: The study involved 117 rectal cancer patients who underwent AIO treatment. Fully automated regions of interest (ROI) and treatment plans were developed without manual intervention, comparing them to manually generated plans used in clinical practice.

Development and validation of a gastric cancer prognostic model utilizing lymphatic endothelial cell-related genes.

Background: Gastric cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide, with its prognosis influenced by factors such as tumor clinical stage, histological type, and the patient's overall health. Recent studies highlight the critical role of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in the tumor microenvironment. Perturbations in LEC function in gastric cancer, marked by aberrant activation or damage, disrupt lymphatic fluid dynamics and impede immune cell infiltration, thereby modulating tumor progression and patient prognosis.

The X-Age Project to construct a Chinese aging clock.

The global surge in the population of people 60 years and older, including that in China, challenges healthcare systems with rising age-related diseases. To address this demographic change, the Aging Biomarker Consortium (ABC) has launched the X-Age Project to develop a comprehensive aging evaluation system tailored to the Chinese population. Our goal is to identify robust biomarkers and construct composite aging clocks that capture biological age, defined as an individual's physiological and molecular state, across diverse Chinese cohorts.

Long non-coding RNA STMN1P2 promotes breast cancer doxorubicin resistance by inhibiting pyroptosis through the hnRNPU-EZH2-TARF6-MALT1-caspase-1 pathway.

Chemotherapeutic resistance is a significant issue in the treatment of breast cancer, which is related to pyroptosis inhibition. Increasing evidence suggests that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to tumorigenesis and drug resistance. In this study we investigated the role of the lncRNA STMN1P2 in doxorubicin resistance in breast cancer, as well as its correlation with pyroptosis inhibition.

Carbon ion combined photon radiotherapy induces ferroptosis via NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy in glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most prevalent and lethal primary malignancy of the central nervous system, remains refractory to conventional photon radiotherapy due to inherent limitations in dose distribution. Although carbon ion radiotherapy offers distinct advantages, including its characteristic Bragg peak deposition and superior relative biological effectiveness, its clinical application is constrained by high costs and increased toxicity. This study explores the radiobiological interactions underlying a mixed carbon ion-photon irradiation regimen, a promising strategy in advanced particle therapy.

Development and validation of a non-invasive nomogram for predicting proximal ureteral impacted calculi.

Objective: To develop and validate a prognostic nomogram for predicting the risk of proximal ureteral impacted calculi, supporting personalized clinical management.

Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study employed a continuous cohort of 391 patients with proximal ureteral stones treated between January 2021 and April 2024. Data from Longyan People's Hospital (affiliated with Xiamen Medical College) comprised the training set, while independent external validation was performed using data from The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Cost-effectiveness and epidemiological impact of gender-neutral vaccination against human papillomavirus in economically developed metropolises of Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, China.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes multiple diseases in both sexes. This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness and epidemiological impact - defined as reductions in HPV-related disease cases - of a gender-neutral vaccination (GNV) strategy in China's economically developed metropolises: Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. A discrete-time Markov model simulated no vaccination, female-only vaccination (FOV), and GNV strategies among 12-year-olds.

Exosomal Proteome from Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Mice Serves as Identity of Liver Cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) constitutes approximately 90% of liver cancers, yet its early detection remains challenging due to the low sensitivity of current diagnostic methods and the difficulty in identifying minimal cancer cells within the body. This study employed a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse model to screen for biomarkers, leveraging its advantage of low background interference compared to human serum exosome studies. Using a novel microextraction technique, exosomes were isolated from just one microliter of serum from HCC PDX mice, followed by proteomic profiling.

Vitamin D Binding Protein, a Ligand of Integrin beta 1, Motivates Both Tumor Cells and Schwann Cells to Promote Perineural Invasion in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Perineural invasion (PNI) is a common pathological characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), closely linked to postoperative recurrence, metastasis, and unfavorable prognosis. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms that govern PNI in PDAC remain poorly elucidated. Here, group-specific component protein (GC) is identified as one of the most significantly upregulated genes related to PNI, primarily derived from malignant ductal cells compared to other cell types.

Phase II Dose-Randomized Study of Sunvozertinib in Platinum-Pretreated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Exon 20 Insertion Mutations (WU-KONG1B).

Purpose: WU-KONG1B (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03974022) is a multinational phase II, dose-randomized study to assess the antitumor efficacy of sunvozertinib in pretreated patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor () exon 20 insertion mutations (exon20ins).

Methods: Eligible patients with advanced-stage exon20ins NSCLC were randomly assigned by 1:1 ratio to receive sunvozertinib 200 mg or 300 mg once daily (200 and 300 mg-rand cohorts).

Developing and validating a bi-polar gated respiratory motion management strategy for improved lung stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment.

Background: Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is an effective treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. However, patient breathing can affect treatment accuracy. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a bi-polar (BP) gated motion management strategy for SBRT and evaluate its feasibility geometrically and dosimetrically.

Targeting collagen in "armored and cold" tumors: Overcoming barriers to cancer therapy.

Collagen contributes to extracellular matrix formation and stiffness, providing a three-dimensional framework that supports the development and growth of solid tumors. By interacting with specific tumor cell receptors, collagen influences tumor cell signaling pathways, promoting cancer progression and drug resistance. Recent advancements in understanding the tumor extracellular matrix have underscored collagen's role in fostering an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and acting as a barrier to immunotherapy.