Trends in paediatric visual impairment in England and Wales: a retrospective study (2009-2022).

Introduction: The Certifications of Visual Impairment (VI) system was implemented to quantify and classify the incidence of visual impairment amongst the England and Wales population. This retrospective study investigates the trend in the certification of VI amongst children aged <16 years old.

Methods: CVI data provided by the Certifications Office, was extracted and assessed to identify the various causes of mild-moderate (SI) and severe (SSI) visual impairment between 2009-2022.

Exploring the Role of Primary Care Nurses in Dietary Management for Migrants With Diabetes: A Scoping Review.

Aim(s): To explore how primary care practitioners, including nurses, provide dietary diabetes management to migrants.

Design: The scoping review followed, a refined and structured methodological framework and adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review guidelines.

Methods And Data Sources: Searches were conducted across CINAHL, PubMed, and Scopus databases to identify studies published between 2000 and 2024 that focus on dietary diabetes care for migrants in Primary Health Care settings.

Efficacy of spectacle lenses for myopia control: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Purpose: To determine the effects of advanced spectacle lens technologies on changes in spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) elongation in slowing down the progression of myopia in children and adolescents, by synthesising data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify all RCTs up to 27 February 2025 that compared intervention groups with myopia control lenses and control groups with standard single vision lenses (SVLs). Data from eligible studies were extracted into specially-designed data collection forms without changing the original values.

Efficacy of peroneal nerve functional electrical stimulation (FES) for the reduction of bradykinesia in Parkinson's disease: an assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial (STEPS II)-study protocol.

Introduction: Difficulty with walking can lead to reduced quality of life for people with Parkinson's disease (pwPD); improving walking is considered a treatment priority. Drug therapies can control PD symptoms; however, pwPD often still experience mobility problems.Functional electrical stimulation (FES) induces movement in weak muscles via external electrical stimulation.

Vulval lichen sclerosus in UK general practice: a cross-sectional survey of patient experience.

Objective: To explore experience and prevalence of vulval lichen sclerosus (VLS) diagnosis in general practice using an anonymous patient survey.

Design: Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey informed by previous qualitative interviews and developed with patient representatives, sent to people recorded in general practice as having a VLS diagnosis.

Setting: General practices (n=24) in the UK (West Midlands).

Litigation Trends in Vascular Surgery in the UK: A Retrospective Analysis of NHS Resolution Data and Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: Vascular surgery (VS) is a high-risk specialty, with complex procedures and multi-morbid patients. Medicolegal claims offer insight into recurring clinical vulnerabilities. We aimed to analyse litigation trends in VS over the past decade in England, and the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ab-Externo MicroShunt versus Trabeculectomy in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma:5-Year Safety Results from a Randomized, Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To compare the long-term safety of MicroShunt implantation with trabeculectomy in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods: This was a 3-year observational extension of a 2-year prospective randomized trial comparing clinical outcomes of MicroShunt implantation with trabeculectomy, both augmented with mitomycin C. Adverse events (AEs), intraocular pressure (IOP), and IOP-lowering medication use were recorded 36, 48, and 60 months after initial randomization.

Corrigendum: Golden beam data for proton pencil-beam scanning (2012 Phys. Med. Biol. 57 1147).

Corrigendum.

Predicting first-trimester pregnancy outcome in threatened miscarriage: A comparison of a multivariate logistic regression and machine learning models.

Introduction: Threatened miscarriage (TM), defined as first-trimester vaginal bleeding with a closed cervix and detectable fetal cardiac activity, affects up to 30 % of clinically recognised pregnancies and is linked to increased risk of adverse outcomes. This study evaluates the predictive value of first-trimester ultrasound (US) and biochemical (BC) markers in determining outcomes among women with TM symptoms.

Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited 118 women with viable singleton pregnancies (5 to 12 weeks' gestation) from Malta's national public hospital between January 2023 and June 2024.

Myelin-Proteinoids Interactions in Neural Signaling.

This study examines how proteinoids and myelin interact in biomimetic neural systems. These interactions reveal electrochemical properties and computing capabilities. Proteinoids are made when amino acids heat up and bond together.

Breast Tissue Reconstruction Strategies: A Tissue Engineering Approach.

Breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide. Standard treatment often involves mastectomy, followed by chemotherapy and/or radiation. Approximately 40% of patients undergo breast reconstruction to address the physical and psychological effects of tissue loss.

Osteomyelitis, arthritis and myositis associated with in village weavers () and an oriental magpie robin ().

Avian pseudotuberculosis infection usually presents as well-demarcated visceral necrotic foci, typically affecting the gastrointestinal tract, liver and spleen. This case series describes an atypical presentation of (Yptb) characterized by severe chronic myositis, arthritis and osteomyelitis in five village weavers (), and acute osteomyelitis and myositis associated with septicaemia in an oriental magpie robin () from a zoological collection. Clinical signs of the weavers included lethargy, poor flying ability and focally extensive periarticular and muscular swelling, whereas the magpie robin was found dead without premonitory signs.

Spatial Transcriptomics and Single Cell-RNASeq Reveals Cellular Heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Tissues and Global Mutational Patterns in COVID-19 Patients.

RNA viruses have high mutation frequency, quick generation periods and vast population numbers, which promote fast evolution and host environment adaptation. We integrated scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics to profile immune cells and viral gene expression in COVID-19. Cell types and interactions were identified using Seurat-based tools.

Immunometabolism: The role of gut-derived microbial metabolites in optimising immune response during checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is the most common type of immunotherapy used in the clinical setting, however, there are significant obstacles with treatment resistance and cancer progression. Since its introduction, there have been relatively few advances in the development of prognostic or predictive biomarkers. The field of metabolomics studies small molecules and can provide us with an understanding of the dynamic events evolving during the tumour-drug-immune-system interaction.

On poverty and trauma: associations between neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation, post-traumatic stress disorder severity and treatment response.

To determine if neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity and psychological treatment response. This was a retrospective cohort study based on the analysis of electronic health records for  = 2064 patients treated for PTSD across 16 psychological therapy services in England. The (IES-R) scale was used to measure PTSD severity and associations were examined with the neighbourhood-level index of multiple deprivation (IMD) using non-parametric correlations and multilevel modelling.

Health Status Outcomes With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in ISCHEMIA.

Background: In ISCHEMIA (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness With Medical and Invasive Approaches), an invasive strategy demonstrated better health status outcomes than a conservative strategy in patients with chronic coronary disease (CCD). Some previous studies have shown greater health status benefits with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) than percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Whether the health status benefits of invasive management in ISCHEMIA were driven primarily by participants treated with CABG is unknown.

Protocol for an umbrella review of the state-of-science on public and patient involvement in health and social care research with children, young people and families.

Background: Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) refers to the active collaboration of patients and the public in health and social care research decision-making, enhancing research success, cost-effectiveness, and impact. Children, young people, and their families bring unique lived experiences to PPI in research, relating to others with similar experiences, while factors like age, cognitive maturation, and developmental stage create differences between researchers and patients or the public. Collaboration with children, young people, and their families should be guided by specific project context and a strong evidence base.

The unexploited potential of data systems tracking medicines utilization: an opportunity to improve access to oncology combination therapies.

Background: While progress has been made in oncology treatments, including the introduction of combination therapies, barriers affect patient access. There are approaches that could improve access including combination-specific pricing that allow the price to reflect whether a product is used in monotherapy or in combination. The feasibility of this solution requires data on the utilization of combination therapies.

Design of Surfactant Molecules Under Performance Constraints.

The industrial applications of surfactant solutions are both numerous and extremely diverse, demonstrating the importance of these systems in everyday life and driving the need for a systematic approach to designing sustainable surfactant molecules adapted to the specific requirements of each application. Given the very large space of possible molecules, the identification of candidate surfactants that achieve a balance between the optimal physicochemical properties of the product and minimal environmental and health impacts is extremely challenging. In this work, a formulation and solution framework based on Computer-Aided Molecular Design is proposed for surfactant design.

Parental socioeconomic position, childhood poverty and healthy ageing: retrospective and prospective study of six cohort surveys across 32 wealthy and developing nations.

Background And Aim: The childhood poor in wealthy countries have reported worse cognitive, muscle and mental functions as well as more frailty and multimorbidity as older adults. But it is uncertain whether the childhood poor around the world fall short of attaining healthy ageing because information of childhood conditions is often erroneous. Here I present new evidence on the life course shaping of healthy ageing among older adults around the world.

Biallelic variants in cause the most prevalent known recessive neurodevelopmental disorder.

We recently showed that mutations in and , two genes that are transcribed into small nuclear RNA (snRNA) components of the major spliceosome, are prevalent causes of dominant neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). By genetic association comparing 12,776 NDD cases with 56,064 controls, we now demonstrate the existence of a recessive form of syndrome that, in England, is even more common than the dominant form. We inferred log Bayes factors for dominant and recessive models of association of 14.

Diagnostic stewardship - optimization of superficial wound swab cultures can reduce the environmental impact of the microbiology laboratory.

Optimization of diagnostic testing is essential for the sustainable delivery of laboratory services. To date, little consideration has been given to the potential benefits of diagnostic stewardship to laboratories looking to reduce their environmental footprint. Implementing a pre-analytical diagnostic stewardship intervention for the testing of superficial wound swabs would result in a measurable reduction in the environmental footprint of the microbiology laboratory.