Spatial Transcriptomics and Single Cell-RNASeq Reveals Cellular Heterogeneity of SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Tissues and Global Mutational Patterns in COVID-19 Patients.

RNA viruses have high mutation frequency, quick generation periods and vast population numbers, which promote fast evolution and host environment adaptation. We integrated scRNA-seq and spatial transcriptomics to profile immune cells and viral gene expression in COVID-19. Cell types and interactions were identified using Seurat-based tools.

The advanced role of the transcription factor RGPR-p117 in cell regulation: Its involvement in transcription, cell growth, and lipid metabolism.

RGPR-p117 is a newly discovered transcription factor that specifically binds to the nuclear factor I consensus motif, TTGGC(N)CC, in the promoter region of the regucalcin gene. This gene plays a multifunctional role in cell regulation. The human RGPR-p117 gene comprises 26 exons totaling approximately 4.

REFINE2: A simplified simulation tool to help epidemiologists evaluate the suitability and sensitivity of effect estimation within user-specified data.

Epidemiologists have access to various methods to reduce bias and improve statistical efficiency in effect estimation, from standard multivariable regression to state-of-the-art doubly-robust efficient estimators paired with highly flexible, data-adaptive algorithms ("machine learning"). However, due to numerous assumptions and trade-offs, epidemiologists face practical difficulties in recognizing which method, if any, may be suitable for their specific data and hypotheses. Importantly, relative advantages are necessarily context-specific (data structure, algorithms, model misspecification), limiting the utility of universal guidance.

Pre-existing YFV-17D immunity mediates T cell cross-protection against dengue virus serotype 2 infection in mice.

Widespread yellow fever virus (YFV) immunity in Sub-Saharan Africa may mitigate orthoflavivirus outbreaks. Here, we investigate whether pre-existing YFV-17D immunity confers cross-protection against dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) infection in a murine model. IFNAR1 mice immunized with YFV-17D exhibited significantly reduced DENV-2 viremia, weight loss, and disease severity, with improved survival compared to naïve controls.

Anthropogenic forcing drives equatorward migration of heatwave locations across continents.

Heatwaves have increased in frequency, intensity, duration, and spatial extent, posing a serious threat to socioeconomic development, natural ecosystems and human health worldwide. Assessments of trends in heatwave locations (HWL) have been hindered by the distinct regional characteristics of heatwaves across continents. Here we identify a consistent striking equatorward migration in the average latitudinal location of heatwaves occurrence over the period 1979-2023 based on various datasets.

Synthesis and effect on seed germination and growth of 5-(thio) phenol-3-methylfuran-2(5H)-one analogues as strigolactone mimics.

Background: Phytohormones regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. Strigolactones are a class of phytohormones that have attracted significant scientific interest because of their multifunctional roles in plant biology and ecological interactions.

Results: In this study, 34 strigolactone mimics were efficiently synthesized by substituting pre-synthesized 5-chloro-3-methylfuran-2(5H)-one with phenolics and benzenethiols.

Influence of Ionic Surfactants on Microfiltration of Enveloped and Nonenveloped Viruses.

Viruses in wastewater effluent pose significant public health risks, and achieving high log reduction values is critical for wastewater reuse applications. The influence of ionic surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and benzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride (BAC) in wastewater on virus removal and infectivity after microfiltration (200 nm cutoff) was investigated. Microfiltration log rejection values (LRVs) for infective human adenovirus (ADV, nonenveloped, 90-nm diameter) and mouse hepatitis virus (MHV, enveloped, 80- to 120-nm diameter) increased when surfactants were present in wastewater from 4.

Post-exposure effects of Photorhabdus nematicidal secondary metabolites on the fitness of entomopathogenic nematodes.

Previous studies conducted by our team have shown that three secondary metabolites (SMs) from Photorhabdus luminescens sonorensis, trans-cinnamic acid (TCA), (4E)-5-phenyl-4-pentenoic acid (PPA), and indole, exhibit nematicidal and/or nematistatic activities against root knot and citrus nematodes, with no discernible effects on non-target entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). To further explore the post-exposure fitness of EPNs, this study focused on the effects of these SMs on the virulence and reproductive fitness of three EPNs: Heterorhabditis sonorensis (the native host of P. l.

Heat Stress and Determinants of Kidney Health Among Agricultural Workers in the United States: An Integrative Review.

Agricultural workers in the United States (U.S.) are exposed to occupational heat stress, increasing their risk of adverse kidney outcomes.

Dual-Port Butterfly Slot Antenna for Biosensing Applications.

This paper presents the novel design of a printed, low-cost, dual-port, and dual-polarized slot antenna for microwave biomedical radars. The butterfly shape of the radiating element, with orthogonally positioned arms, enables simultaneous radiation of both vertically and horizontally polarized waves. The antenna is intended for full-duplex in-band applications using two mutually isolated antenna ports, with the CPW port on the same side of the substrate as the slot antenna and the microstrip port positioned orthogonally on the other side of the substrate.

Nutrient Profile, Energy Digestibility in Pigs, and In Vitro Degradation Characteristics of Wheat Flour Milling Co-Products.

Using wheat flour milling (WFM) co-products in pig diets may reduce feed cost. Still, energy digestibility is lower for WFM co-products than for feed grains. Inadequate information exists about their fermentation characteristics and the relationship between digestible energy (DE) value and chemical characteristics or in vitro energy digestibility.

Formation of thiocarbonic acid (HCS) - the sulfur counterpart of carbonic acid (HCO) - in interstellar analog ices.

The first experimental formation of thiocarbonic acid (HCS) is presented in this work from low-temperature interstellar ice analogs composed of hydrogen sulfide (HS) and carbon disulfide (CS) exposed to electron irradiation simulating the impact of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) on interstellar ices. The recent attention brought to sulfur-bearing molecules, as well as the recent detection of carbonic acid (HCO) in the interstellar medium (ISM), invites the study of the interstellar detection of the sulfur counterpart, thiocarbonic acid. However, the interstellar formation pathways of thiocarbonic acid have remained elusive.

Quantifying device type and handedness biases in a remote Parkinson's disease AI-powered assessment.

We investigate issues pertaining to algorithmic fairness and digital health equity within the context of using machine learning to predict Parkinson's Disease (PD) with data recorded from structured assessments of finger and hand movements. We evaluate the impact of demographic bias and bias related to device type and handedness. We collected data from 251 participants (99 with PD or suspected PD, 152 without PD or any suspicion of PD).

Laboratory Infrared Spectra and Band Strengths of Carbonyl Sulfide (OCS) in CHOH- and CO-Rich Ice Mixtures for Analyzing Interstellar Ice Observations.

Carbonyl sulfide (OCS) is currently the only securely detected sulfur-bearing species in interstellar ices, making it an ideal window into solid-state sulfur chemistry in dense star-forming regions. Previous astronomical observations of the OCS asymmetric stretching mode (ν) at ∼2040 cm (∼4.9 μm) demonstrate that interstellar OCS may be embedded in CHOH-rich ices, indicating that OCS likely forms in the coldest, densest parts of star-forming regions where catastrophic CO freezeout occurs.

Gluteal adipose tissue mitochondrial respiration and insulin sensitivity in pregnant South African women living with HIV on Tenofovir-Lamivudine-Dolutegravir.

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue is associated with diabetes pathophysiology. We examined this relationship in pregnant women with HIV (WWH) receiving tenofovir/lamivudine/dolutegravir (TLD).

Methods: South African WWH (n=67) and HIV-seronegative women (n=31) underwent a gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (gSAT) biopsy at ≤ 14 weeks gestational age (GA) (Trimester 1, T1) and 28-37 weeks GA (T3).

Liquid biopsy diagnostics for non-small cell lung cancer via elucidation of tRNA signatures.

Background: Lung cancer, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), accounts for about 85% of all lung cancer cases and remains a major global health challenge. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as chest X-rays and low-dose CT scans, have limitations, including high false-positive rates, radiation risks, and the invasiveness of tissue biopsies. This study aims to develop a non-invasive liquid biopsy approach for early NSCLC diagnosis.

Disaggregating Office of Management and Budget Race/Ethnicity Data to Examine Racial Disparities in Late-Stage HIV Diagnosis, Hawaii, 2010-2022.

To evaluate racial disparities when examining race at a more granular level than the broader 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) categories. We examined HIV diagnoses in Hawaii during 2010 to 2022 by OMB race/ethnicity categories and an 18-category granular race/ethnicity variable that included the 10 most frequent Asian and Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander groups. We used multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders.

Community-Led Priorities for Re-Envisioning Midwifery Education to Better Support Black and Indigenous Students.

Introduction: Midwifery education has historically been framed from a lens of Whiteness, which has caused harm for students from racially minoritized (marginalized) backgrounds. To diversify the midwifery workforce, education programs need to support and graduate students who represent the communities being served. The purpose of this project was to develop community-led priorities to re-envision midwifery education to better support Black and Indigenous students.

Auditory event-related potentials show both auditory and non-auditory associations with chronic mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Auditory event-related potentials (ERP) may reflect chronic effects of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI), but the influence of auditory impairment on these ERP changes is unclear.

Methods: We compared hearing sensitivity, complex auditory processing, and auditory cortical ERPs in combat veterans (N = 270) with and without mild TBI, TBI in combat deployment setting, blast TBI, post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), loss of consciousness, and non-TBI blast exposures. Mediation analysis assessed the hearing, age, and psychological symptom-adjusted effect of number of TBI exposures on P50 and N100 amplitude and latency, and whether ERPs mediated between TBI and complex auditory processing.

The persuasiveness of vaccine focused social media posts to parents of adolescents.

Objective: Social media and online health information play an important role in vaccine decision making. Our aim is to examine the persuasiveness of social media posts about vaccines for mothers of youth by vaccine hesitancy.

Methods: A U.

Absorption, distribution, and metabolism of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in tea plants: Insights from hydroponic exposure and molecular simulations.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) secreted by weeds in tea gardens are absorbed by tea plants, but their distribution and metabolism remain unclear. Here, different types of PAs were soaked from Ageratum conyzoides L. and used in hydroponic experiments.

Formation of hydrogen trioxide (HOOOH) in extraterrestrial ice analogs and its role as an oxidizer in prebiotic chemistry.

The formation and characterization of hydrogen trioxide have fascinated scientists for more than a century, due to its role as a prototype model for oxygen-chain bonding and as a key transient in antibody-catalyzed oxidation reactions relevant to the origin of life. However, the abiotic formation pathways to hydrogen trioxide have remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate in laboratory simulation experiments that hydrogen trioxide effectively forms in water-molecular oxygen ice analogs at temperatures as low as 5 kelvin under exposure to proxies of galactic cosmic rays.