Efficacy of spectacle lenses for myopia control: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Purpose: To determine the effects of advanced spectacle lens technologies on changes in spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) elongation in slowing down the progression of myopia in children and adolescents, by synthesising data from randomised controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to identify all RCTs up to 27 February 2025 that compared intervention groups with myopia control lenses and control groups with standard single vision lenses (SVLs). Data from eligible studies were extracted into specially-designed data collection forms without changing the original values.

Impact of Oral Citicoline, Antioxidant Vitamins, and Blackcurrant Supplementation on Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: An OCT and OCTA Study.

We sought to evaluate the long-term effects of oral citicoline; vitamins A, B, C, and E; and blackcurrant therapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and microperimetry parameters. Fifteen patients with POAG (the treated group) received one soluble liquid sachet of a complementary dietary supplement containing, in a fixed combination, citicoline; vitamins A, B, C, and E; and blackcurrant (Citizin, Bruschettini s.r.

The oxidative-stress-senescence axis in keratoconus: new insights into corneal degeneration.

Keratoconus is a bilateral and asymmetric degenerative eye disease that causes corneal thinning and bowing, leading to irregular astigmatism and vision loss. Although environmental and genetic factors contribute to the disease's development, the exact cause and underlying pathological mechanism remain unknown. In this review, we comprehensively explore the latest pathophysiological mechanisms of keratoconus, focusing on oxidative damage and inflammation.

A Systematic Review of Micropulse Laser Trabeculoplasty (MLT) in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG) Management: Efficacy, Safety, and Future Perspectives.

Background/objectives: Micropulse laser trabeculoplasty (MLT) is gaining attention as a non-invasive treatment option for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), offering an alternative to traditional surgeries and medications. This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness, safety, and potential of MLT in glaucoma management.

Methods: This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening from a Genetic Counseling Prospective: Pre and Post-Genetic Counseling Regarding Rare Chromosomal Abnormalities and Incidental Finding.

Background: Arising in the late 1990s, when a promising role in prenatal diagnostics was first delineated for circulating fetal DNA, non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPTs) have been increasingly used with more frequency and popularity. These exams have been used as a prenatal screening tests for genetic diseases. Initially, they were developed for the investigation of the main fetal chromosomal aneuploidies, but lately they have also been used to rule out genomic microrearrangements and monogenic conditions.

Modified Sodium hyaluronate conjugated to riboflavin (Har® 0.1 %) as lubricant eyedrops in the treatment of dry eye: A prospective randomised study.

Background: This study evaluates the therapeutic efficacy of HAr® (a novel ophthalmic solution containing modified hyaluronic acid covalently linked to riboflavin) compared to hyaluronic acid eye drops in patients with dry eye disease (DED).

Methods: Sixteen consecutive patients with bilateral medium to severe DED were divided into two groups. Group 1 received HAr® 0.

Compatibility of a New Ocular Surface Dye with Disposable and Bi-Weekly Soft Contact Lenses: An Experimental Study.

Ocular surface staining for assessing corneal and conjunctival epithelium integrity is typically conducted using fluorescein, lissamine green, or rose Bengal dyes. Recently, a novel vital dye, REmark, based on riboflavin, has been proposed for ocular surface examination. In the management of corneal and ocular surface diseases (OSD), the use of contact lenses is integral to therapeutic strategies.

Corneal collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus from the Dresden protocol to customized solutions: theoretical basis.

Keratoconus is an ectatic condition characterized by gradual corneal thinning, corneal protrusion, progressive irregular astigmatism, corneal fibrosis, and visual impairment. The therapeutic options regarding improvement of visual function include glasses or soft contact lenses correction for initial stages, gas-permeable rigid contact lenses, scleral lenses, implantation of intrastromal corneal ring or corneal transplants for most advanced stages. In keratoconus cases showing disease progression corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) has been proven to be an effective, minimally invasive and safe procedure.

How temperature can alter the combined effects of carbon nanotubes and caffeine in the clam Ruditapes decussatus?

Nowadays, multi-walled carbon nanotubes are considered to be emerging contaminants and their impact in ecosystem has drawn special research attention, while other contaminants, such as caffeine, have more coverage in literature. Despite this, the effects of a combination of the two has yet to be evaluated, especially considering predicted temperature rise. In the present study a typical bioindicator species for marine environment, the clam Ruditapes decussatus, and classical tools, such as biomarkers and histopathological indices, were used to shed light on the species' response to these contaminants, under actual and predicted warming scenarios.

Corneal Cross-linking for Progressive Keratoconus: Up to 13 Years of Follow-up.

Purpose: To assess the long-term efficacy and safety of epithelium-off corneal cross-linking according to the Dresden protocol (S-CXL) in progressive keratoconus.

Methods: Patients treated with S-CXL from April 2006 to January 2010 at Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy, who completed at least 10 years of follow-up were included. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), refraction, and corneal topography and tomography with Pentacam (OCULUS Optikgeräte GmbH) were evaluated at baseline and 10+ years after the procedure.

Evaluating keratoconus progression prior to crosslinking: maximum keratometry vs the ABCD grading system.

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between changes in maximum keratometry (Kmax) and ABC values from the ABCD Progression Display (Pentacam) in progressive keratoconus (KC) and to evaluate whether the ABC changes were able to detect progression earlier than Kmax.

Setting: Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

Design: Retrospective study.

Epiphora and unrecognized paranasal sinuses pathology.

Purpose: to report five patients all presenting with persistent unilateral epiphora as a sign of unexpected and rare lesions causing Secondary Acquired Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction (SANDO) and the risks associated to an incomplete diagnostic work-up.

Observations: the cases presented are: (1) Fungus ball, (2) Pyogenic granuloma, (3) Sinonasal inverted papilloma (4) Sinonasal inverted papilloma with synchronous squamous cell carcinoma, (5) Squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal sac.

Conclusions And Importance: masses are uncommon but not a rare cause of nasolacrimal duct obstruction.

Long-Term Follow-Up after Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Patients with Severe Ocular Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid Unresponsive to Conventional Therapy.

Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is a heterogeneous group of rare, systemic, autoimmune subepidermal inflammatory disease that affects mucous membranes and the eye. In its most severe forms, this disease needs systemic therapy, usually based on steroids and immunosuppressant agents. In unresponsive cases or in the presence of contraindications or severe side effects due to conventional systemic corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressant therapy, a therapy shift to high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) has been recommended in other reports.

Transepithelial Iontophoresis Versus Standard Corneal Collagen Cross-linking: 1-Year Results of a Prospective Clinical Study.

Purpose: To compare 1-year transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking with iontophoresis (I-CXL) outcomes with standard CXL (S-CXL) epithelium-off for progressive keratoconus.

Methods: Forty eyes of 40 patients with progressive keratoconus were included in this comparative, prospective clinical study. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent, cylinder refraction, corneal topography, Scheimpflug tomography, aberrometry, and endothelial cell count were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of follow-up.

Ocular Onset of Paraneoplastic Pemphigus Presenting as Hyperemic Conjunctivitis and Massive Bilateral Eyelid Ulceration: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Introduction: Paraneoplastic clinical signs are characterized by a large and heterogeneous variety of manifestations due to several possible underlying neoplasms. Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP) is a particular paraneoplastic variety that usually primarily affects the dermic and/or oral mucosa and is characterized by a high rate of mortality (90%). Therefore, it is important to recognize its possible signs early.

Paraneoplastic syndrome--unresponsive systemic hypertension and fever as expression of primitive ciliary body carcinoma in a blind painful eye: a case report.

Background: The purpose of this study was to present a case of paraneoplastic systemic hypertension and fever in an undiagnosed primary ciliary body carcinoma arising in a painful blind eye.

Case Presentation: A 37-year-old white man with a history of blindness since childhood was enucleated for neovascular glaucoma because of intractable pain in his right eye. A histopathological examination revealed a ciliary body carcinoma.

Transepithelial iontophoresis corneal collagen cross-linking for progressive keratoconus: initial clinical outcomes.

Purpose: To report initial clinical results of transepithelial corneal collagen cross-linking with iontophoresis (I-CXL).

Methods: Twenty eyes of 20 patients diagnosed as having progressive keratoconus who underwent I-CXL were included in this prospective non-randomized clinical study. Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent and cylinder refraction, various corneal topography and Scheimpflug tomography parameters, aberrometry, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and endothelial cell count were assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively.

Unilateral proptosis in thyroid eye disease with subsequent contralateral involvement: retrospective follow-up study.

Background: The purpose of this retrospective follow-up study is to evaluate the prevalence of patients with thyroid eye disease presenting with apparent unilateral proptosis and determine the occurrence of exophthalmos in contralateral non-proptotic eye over the time. Associated features with this event were evaluated.

Methods: A cohort of 655 consecutive patients affected by thyroid eye disease with a minimum follow-up of 10 years was reviewed.