Improving solubility and stability of pea protein isolate by conjugation with high methoxyl pectin via ultrasound-assisted maillard reaction for the efficient delivery of nobiletin.

In this study, high methoxyl pectin-pea protein isolate (HMP-PPI) conjugates were fabricated by an ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction to deliver nobiletin (NOB). Results showed that HMP was effectively conjugated with PPI by the ultrasound-assisted Maillard reaction. Under identical treatment conditions, the grafting degree of LHMP-PPI conjugates, synthesized by conjugating low molecular weight HMP (LHMP) with PPI, was significantly higher than that of HHMP-PPI conjugates, which were prepared using high molecular weight HMP (HHMP).

Interaction between amylose/amylopectin and polyphenols of different structures.

This study aims to systematically elucidate the interaction mechanism between four polyphenols and amylose/amylopectin through integrated experimental and computational approaches. Catechin (CC) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) exhibit excellent binding capacities for amylose/amylopectin, followed by cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), while ferulic acid (FA) exhibits the lowest binding capacity. Polyphenols induce starch chain aggregation, increasing particle sizes (amylose: 152.

Optimizing ultrasound-assisted forward osmosis for concentrating blueberry juice: Effects on process efficiency, membrane performance, and polyphenol retention.

The forward osmosis (FO) process is known for its low energy consumption during juice concentration. This study explores the effects of ultrasonic frequency, power, and irradiation mode on concentration efficiency, membrane performance, and polyphenol retention in the FO process. The results demonstrate that the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted concentration (80 kHz, 240 W, and 6-s intervals) effectively balanced the trade-off between water flux enhancement and reverse salt flux leakage.

A strategy to significantly improve the efficacy of high hydrostatic pressure in inactivating polyphenol oxidase using epigallocatechin gallate and ferulic acid for the inhibition of enzymatic browning: From a model system to cloudy apple juice.

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) represents a promising non-thermal processing technology, but its efficacy in inactivating enzymes like polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is matrix-dependent and inconsistent. In this work, the strategy of HHP (600 MPa/10 min/25 °C) combined with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and ferulic acid (FA) treatment on the activity and advanced structure of mushroom PPO were explored, as well as its application in controlling enzymatic browning of cloudy apple juice. Results showed that the combined treatment exhibited additive or synergistic effects depending on whether HHP was applied before or after the inhibitors, resulting in a maximum reduction of PPO activity by over 95 %.

Outer shell: Natural biomaterial derived from starch for effective anthocyanin interaction.

Since starch is a native biomaterial for anthocyanin delivery, its binding capacity plays a crucial role in its applications. In this study, four starch fractions derived form starch (granule, outer shell, blocklet, molecules including AM and AP) were separated and characterized. Following that, their interactions with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) under different pH conditions (3, 5, and 7) were investigated.

Psyllium: A Nutraceutical and Functional Ingredient in Foods.

Psyllium is an excellent natural source of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. It has been used as a nutraceutical and functional ingredient in foods. Many efforts have been made to understand and improve its physicochemical, biological, and functional properties to promote its food applications.

Assessing the influences of β-glucan on highland barley starch: Insights into gelatinization and molecular interactions.

Developing highland barley products is complex, possibly due to the presence of β-glucan in highland barley. This study aims to investigate the impact of β-glucan on the physicochemical properties, microstructure, and molecular interactions of highland barley starch (HBS) during gelatinization and aging. Increasing the β-glucan content significantly reduced peak viscosity, setback viscosity, and breakdown viscosity, indicating altered gelatinization behavior.

Insight into the mechanism of high hydrostatic pressure effect on inhibitory efficiency of three natural inhibitors on polyphenol oxidase.

The development of natural inhibitors of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is crucial in the prevention of enzymatic browning in fresh foods. However, few studies have focused on the effect of subsequent sterilization on their inhibition efficiency. This study investigated the influence and mechanism of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) on the inhibition of PPO by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), and ferulic acid.

Lycopene Alleviates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Steatohepatitis through Inhibition of the ASK1-JNK Signaling Pathway.

Lycopene has been proven to alleviate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), but the precise mechanisms are inadequately elucidated. In this study, we found a previously unknown regulatory effect of lycopene on the apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) signaling pathway in both in vivo and in vitro models. Lycopene supplementation (3 and 6 mg/kg/day) exhibited a significant reduction in lipid accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis of the liver in mice fed with a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet or a methionine-choline-deficient diet.

Lycopene Ameliorated DSS-Induced Colitis by Improving Epithelial Barrier Functions and Inhibiting the Adhesion in Mice.

Adherent-invasive plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Blocking the adhesion of to intestinal epithelial cells appears to be useful for attenuating inflammatory bowel disease. Lycopene has been reported to have anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

Tunable interactions in starch-anthocyanin complexes switched by high hydrostatic pressure.

Native starches usually have poor polyphenol-binding efficiency despite remarkable architectural structures. In this study, the interaction between cyandin-3-O-glucose (C3G) and three starches under high hydrostatic pressure was investigated. Pressure (200-550 MPa) was found to promote the binding rate of potato starch from 31.

Unravelling the anthocyanin-binding capacity of native starches from different botanical origins.

In this study, the cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G)-binding capacities of three native starches were investigated. While potato starch had the largest binding capacity of 0.34 mg/100 mg, corn and pea starch had binding capacities of 0.

Effect of high pressure homogenization on the interaction between corn starch and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside.

The effects of high pressure homogenization (HPH) at different pressures (50, 100, 150 and 200 MPa) and temperatures (4, 20, 40, 60 and 80 °C) on the interaction between corn starch (CS) and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) were investigated. Based on analyses of zeta potential, attenuated total reflection-flourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and binding rate after adding shielding agents, the main interaction force changed from electrostatic interaction to hydrogen bonds. In comparison, the interaction between CS and C3G exhibited greater strength at low temperatures and pressures.

Dynamic Distribution of Skin Microorganisms in Donkeys at Different Ages and Various Sites of the Body.

Considerable evidence suggests that the skin microbiota is not only important and complex in humans and other mammals but also critical for maintaining health and skin homeostasis. To date, studies on the skin microorganisms of donkeys are surprisingly rare. To investigate the dynamic changes in commensal microbial communities on the skins of healthy donkeys throughout the growing period, skin and soil samples were collected from 30 healthy Dezhou donkeys (ranging from 1, 6, 12, 24 to 48 months of age) and their corresponding breeding sheds on the farm.

Health benefits of proanthocyanidins linking with gastrointestinal modulation: An updated review.

Proanthocyanidins (PACs) are the bioactive components naturally present in daily diet, especially in fruits and vegetables. Multiple pieces of evidence suggested that ingestion of PACs or diets full of PACs might contribute to physiological benefits, such as metabolic syndrome regulation, immune modulation, cancer prevention, and neuroprotection. Many studies stated that dysbiosis is closely linked with the abovementioned health conditions, and the extremely poor bioavailability of PACs, directly associated with the structural diversity, leads to extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM).

Effect of ultra-high pressure homogenization on microorganism and quality of composite pear juice.

In this study, composite pear juice was processed by ultra-high pressure homogenization (UHPH) at four different pressures (50, 100, 150, and 200 MPa) with six different temperatures (4, 20, 30, 40, 60, and 80°C), then microorganism and physicochemical and nutritional properties of the samples were investigated. The counts of total aerobic bacteria (TAB) and yeasts and molds (Y&M) were reduced by 0.89-4.

Effects of High Pressure Processing and Thermal Treatment on the Interaction between α-Lactalbumin and Pelargonium-3-Glucoside.

In this study, high pressure processing (HPP) and thermal treatment were comparatively evaluated by examining their impacts on the binding behavior and interaction between α-lactalbumin (α-La) and pelargonium-3-glucoside (P3G) under pH values of 6.0, 7.4, and 8.

MxMPK4-1 phosphorylates NADPH oxidase to trigger the MxMPK6-2-MxbHLH104 pathway mediated Fe deficiency responses in apple.

Iron (Fe) deficiency is a nutritional stress in plants that commonly occurs in alkaline and calcareous soils. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MPKs), the terminal player of MAPK cascade, are involved in distinct physiological processes. Once plants suffer from Fe deficiency stress, the mechanism of MPK function remains unclear owing to limited study on the MPK networks including substrate proteins and downstream pathways.

Multispectroscopic and computational simulation insights into the inhibition mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate on polyphenol oxidase.

Polyphenol oxidase (PPO)-mediated enzymatic browning occurs in fruit, vegetables and aquatic products and causes huge economic losses every year. In this study, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) displayed high affinity for and efficient inhibitory capacity against PPO. To explore the inhibition mechanism, multispectroscopic methods and computational simulations were implemented.

Insights into pH-modulated interactions between native potato starch and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside: Electrostatic interaction-dependent binding.

Potato starch (PS), a natural and structured semicrystalline polymer, exhibits a distinct capacity to bind cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) at different pH values (3, 5, and 7). In this study, levels of NaCl (0.05%, 0.

Triacylglycerol and Fatty Acid Compositions of Blackberry, Red Raspberry, Black Raspberry, Blueberry and Cranberry Seed Oils by Ultra-Performance Convergence Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

The triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions of blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils were examined using ultra-performance convergence chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC-QTOF MS). A total of 52, 53, 52, 59 and 58 TAGs were detected and tentatively identified from the blackberry, red raspberry, black raspberry, blueberry and cranberry seed oils, respectively, according to their accurate molecular weight in MS1 and fragment ion profiles in MS2. OLL was the most abundant TAG in the blackberry, red raspberry and black raspberry seed oils.

Effect of glucose oxidase treatment on the aroma qualities and release of cooked off-odor components from heat-treated Hami melon juice.

Melon juice produces strong cooked off-odors during heat processing, leading to serious deterioration of aroma quality. In this work, the aroma quality of melon juice, the changes in GOD reaction products, and the interactions of reaction products and cooked off-odor components were analyzed by sensory evaluation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactory, ultraperformance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry to study the effect mechanism of glucose oxidase (GOD) on the release of cooked off-odor components from heat-treated melon juice. The results showed that GOD treatment improved the aroma quality mainly by controlling off-odor attributes and maintaining characteristic odor attributes.