The Threshold and Lag Effects of Temperature on Pine Wilt Disease Show Significant Spatial Heterogeneity.

Pine wilt disease (PWD) is an economically important disease. With the increasing temperature caused by climate change, there is a concern that it may expand to regions currently at low risk, cause more serious ecological harm and economic losses in China. The pinewood nematode has an optimal temperature range for development, and historical meteorological conditions, particularly temperature, can influence its current occurrence through time-lagged effects.

Explainable ensemble learning for predicting pine wilt disease spread.

The rapid global spread of Pine Wilt Disease (PWD) has resulted in considerable ecological and economic losses, underscoring the necessity for precise forecasts of its future dissemination as a pivotal element in the control of the disease. In contrast to traditional semi-empirical models, which are unable to be applied to the increasing number of outbreak areas, machine learning (ML) models are better able to capture the hidden patterns of PWD spread. However, ML models have poor interpretability, and the imbalance between infected and potentially infected samples, coupled with the high dimensionality of the influencing factors, makes it challenging for any single ML model to achieve satisfactory performance.

Considering compound drought and heatwave events significantly improve forest pest occurrence prediction.

Background: The increasing frequency of compound drought and heatwave events (CDHWs) under global climate change has heightened the risk of forest pest outbreaks; however, precise quantitative assessments remain scarce. This study analyzed city-level forest pest incidence in China from 2003 to 2018 and utilized multiple machine learning models to quantify the impacts of droughts, heatwaves, and CDHWs on forest pest dynamics.

Results: The findings reveal that forest pest incidence exhibits a clear spatial pattern in China, with higher rates in the east and lower rates in the west, distinctly separated by the Hu Line.

Risk prediction of pine wilt disease based on graphical convolutional network in China.

Background: Pine wilt disease is one of the most destructive conifer diseases affecting pine species worldwide. Since its introduction to China in 1982, it has infected more than one billion pine trees, leading to significant ecological and economic losses. To enable precise prevention and control of pine wilt disease, this study first conducted exploratory visual analysis of the spatiotemporal data of pine wilt disease outbreaks and environmental factors to identify high-risk areas.

Genomic Insights into : The Pathogen Behind Chinese Larch Shoot Blight.

Larch shoot blight, caused by the fungus , threatens larch ( spp.) forests across northeastern China, jeopardizing both timber productivity and ecological stability. This study aimed to investigate the genomic diversity, population structure, and potential adaptive mechanisms of across contrasting climatic regions.

Predicting the Activity Level of the Great Gerbil () via Machine Learning.

The great gerbil () is a pest rodent that is widely distributed in Eurasia, and assessing its outbreak risk and instituting timely population control are very important for protecting vegetation and human health. Because traditional assessment methods are difficult to monitor and cannot effectively predict the population growth trend of , an activity prediction model was constructed using the particle swarm optimization algorithm-extreme learning machine (PSO-ELM). First, data for 13 factors influencing growth, such as those related to the environment, vegetation, and activity in the previous year, at 46 monitoring sites in China from 2020 to 2022 were selected.

Phylogeny and species diversity of in China based on morphological, mating test, and GCPSR criteria.

More than 600 Chinese specimens of were identified by mating tests, Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR), and comparison of morphological characteristics. Sixteen Chinese Biological Species (CBS) of were identified by 30,340 mate pair combinations. Fifteen Chinese Phylogenetic Species (CPS) were recognised based on Independent Evolutionary Lineage (IEL) recognition and concatenated six-gene analysis (, , , LSU rDNA, 1, and 1α).

Distribution, variability, and dietary risk assessment of etoxazole residues in apples and apple juice.

Etoxazole, while preventing pest mites on apple trees, leaves some residues in the produce, triggering consumer concerns. Here, the study investigated the distribution of etoxazole in apples after application and the change pattern of residue during apple juice processing. An analytical method for the determination of etoxazole was established to meet the requirements of residue analysis, with accuracy ranging from 80 to 95% and precision from 1.

Chromosomal-level genome assembly of Trichogramma dendrolimi (Trichogrammatidae: Hymenoptera).

Trichogramma dendrolimi is an essential egg parasitic wasp with a broad host range and has been widely used for controlling agricultural and forestry pests. Despite the availability of fragmented genomes of Trichogramma, a high-quality, chromosome-level genome reference is not yet available for this diverse genus. In this study, we assembled a high-quality chromosome-level genome of T.

Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation pattern of an endoparasitoid parasitizing the invasive gall midge across China.

Platygaster robiniae Buhl & Duso (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) is an important parasitoid of the black locust gall midge Obolodiplosis robiniae (Haldeman) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), an invasive pest that has spread from its native range in North America to Europe and Asia in recent decades. As the dominant natural enemy of O. robiniae in both its native and introduced regions, P.

Geographical distribution and evolutionary dynamics of H4Nx avian influenza viruses.

H4Nx avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been isolated from wild birds and poultry and can also cross the species barrier to infect mammals (pigs and muskrats). The widespread presence of these viruses in wild birds and poultry and their ability to be transmitted interspecies make them an undeniable hazard to the poultry farming industry. In the present study, we collected fecal and swab samples from wild birds and poultry in Guangdong Province from January 2019 to March 2024, and various subtypes of AIVs were isolated, including 19 strains of H4 subtype AIVs.

Development of Composite Microbial Products for Managing Pine Wilt Disease in Infected Wood Stumps.

Wood-decay fungi, including white- and brown-decay fungi, are well known for their ability to degrade lignin and cellulose, respectively. The combined use of these fungi can increase the decomposition of woody substrates. Research has indicated that these fungi also exhibit inhibitory effects against , the causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD).

Research on Pine Wilt Disease Spread Prediction Based on an Improved Light Gradient Boosting Machine Model.

Pine wilt disease has caused significant damage to China's ecological and financial resources. To prevent its further spread across the country, proactive control measures are necessary. Given the low accuracy of traditional models, we have employed an enhanced light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) model to predict the development trend of pine wilt disease in China, providing a theoretical basis for its monitoring and prevention.

First record of the genus Palpostilpnus Aubert (Ichneumonidae: Phygadeuontinae) from Vietnam, with descriptions of eight new species.

Palpostilpnus Aubert, 1961 is a genus of the subfamily Phygadeuontinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) with 17 currently recognized species from the Oriental and Australasian regions. In this paper, this genus is reported for the first time from Vietnam. Eight new species are described, comprising: P.

Risk zoning of Gynaephora alpherakii (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Gynaephora alpherakii (Grum-Grschimailo) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) is a major pest in alpine meadow areas in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and causes severe losses in the local livestock production industry. Assessing areas at high risk for G. alpherakii infestation is critical for the effective management of this pest.

Genomic exploration of the endangered oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana, sheds light on migration adaptation and future conservation.

Background: The oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana, is an endangered migratory bird listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List. The bird population has experienced a rapid decline in the past decades, with nest locations and stop-over sites largely degraded due to human-bird conflicts. Multipronged conservation efforts are required to secure the future of oriental storks.

The first emergence of paramyxovirus type 12 in wild birds in mainland, China.

Avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) belong to the subfamily Avulavirinae of the family Paramyxoviridae and include 22 distinct subtypes or serotypes (1-22). Avian paramyxovirus serotype 12 (APMV-12) is found sporadically in wild birds worldwide, and reports from only Italy and Taiwan have been published to date; information on its genetic variation and biological characteristics is still limited. In this study, 3 APMV-12 strains, designated WB19, LY9, and LY11, were isolated from 8643 wild bird faecal samples during the annual influenza virus surveillance of wild birds in Guangdong, China between 2018 and 2024, which is first reported in mainland China.

Study on the relationship between net primary productivity and site quality in Japanese larch plantations in mountainous areas of eastern Liaoning.

Plantation forests enhance carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems in China. (Lamb.) Carrière (Lamb.

Comparative Proteomics and Metabonomics Analysis of Different Diapause Stages Revealed a New Regulation Mechanism of Diapause in (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic mechanism that has been shown to play a role in diapause regulation. To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms of histone deacetylase in the diapause process, LC-MS/MS analysis was used to perform TMT proteomic and metabolomic analysis on non-diapause (ND), pre-diapause (PreD), diapause (D), cold treatment (CT), and post-diapause (RD) stages of the meadow moth. A total of 5367 proteins were identified by proteomics, including 1179 differentially expressed proteins.

Potential distribution prediction of Ceracris kiangsu Tsai in China.

Ceracris kiangsu Tsai (C. kiangs) is a kind of forest pest, which can harm nearly 100 kinds of weeds and crops. In this study, based on 314 species distribution points of C.

Transcriptome analysis highlights the influence of temperature on hydrolase and traps in nematode-trapping fungi.

Pine wilt disease caused by poses a serious threat to the economic and ecological value of forestry. Nematode trapping fungi trap and kill nematodes using specialized trapping devices, which are highly efficient and non-toxic to the environment, and are very promising for use as biological control agents. In this study, we isolated several nematode-trapping fungi from various regions and screened three for their high nematocidal efficiency.