exoCasMINI: A T5 exonuclease fused CRISPR-Cas12f system with enhanced gene editing efficiency.

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Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Multi-organ Injury Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.

Published: August 2025


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Article Abstract

CRISPR-Cas9 and Cas12a are widely used for genome editing, but their large size limits delivery efficiency. Compact Cas12f proteins offer delivery advantages but suffer from low activity. To address this limitation, we engineered an enhanced Cas12f system (exoCasMINI) by fusing T5 exonuclease to CasMINI, achieving 1.1- 21.1-fold higher editing efficiency while maintaining specificity. exoCasMINI matched the activity of Cas9 and Cas12a, induced longer deletions, and exhibited superior specificity to Cas9. In addition, exoCasMINI was more efficient than CasMINI to induce tumorigenesis in adult mouse liver by integrating the oncogenic into the locus and disrupting the tumor suppressor genes and . We extended this approach to another Cas12f subtype (Cas12f1), generating exoCas12f1 with 1.2-3.6-fold enhanced activity. Overall, our work establishes the engineered exoCasMINI and exoCas12f1 systems as highly efficient tools for genome editing in mammalian cells, holding great potential for gene therapy in the future.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12337685PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2025.113171DOI Listing

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