Self-assembled hybrid hydrogel microspheres create a bone marrow-mimicking niche for bone regeneration.

Bone marrow (BM), a natural niche rich in growth factors and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), provides an optimal regenerative microenvironment and is widely used in clinical applications. However, the limited proliferative capacity of BMSCs and the mismatch between bone regeneration and growth factors release constrain their effectiveness in treating critical bone defects. Drawing inspiration from the regenerative properties of BM, we developed self-assembled hybrid microspheres to replicate its function and address these challenges through a tissue engineering approach.

Fermentation modeling and machine learning for flavor prediction in low-sodium radish paocai with potassium chloride substitution.

To address the challenge of high sodium in paocai, this study evaluated the partial substitution of NaCl with KCl during radish paocai fermentation, focusing on microbial kinetics and flavor. The methodology integrated microbial growth modeling with comprehensive flavor analysis (HS-SPME-GC-MS, HS-GC-IMS, E-tongue) and Random Forest (RF) machine learning. Substituting 30% NaCl with KCl (K30) significantly increased mannitol and glutamic acid, enhancing desirable fresh, sweet, and umami tastes.

Assessing the effects of HMGCR and LDLR Inhibition on multiple stroke types: A trans-ancestry drug-target Mendelian randomization study.

Background And Aims: While statins are established to reduce overall ischemic stroke risk, their effects on ischemic stroke subtypes (AS= any stroke, AIS= any ischemic stroke, CES= cardioembolic stroke, LAS= large artery stroke, SVS= small vessel stroke), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) remain poorly characterized. This study aims to disentangle the distinct causal effects of HMGCR inhibition on multiple stroke types, while concurrently evaluating LDLR as an alternative therapeutic target.

Methods And Results: Genetic variants were extracted from datasets by the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium and the UK Biobank Consortium.

Differentiation of n-1 Positional Isomers in Antisense Oligonucleotides with Orthogonal LCMS Methods.

Investigating the origin of critical product-related impurities during solid-phase synthesis is essential to improving the quality of therapeutic oligonucleotides. In the synthesis of a 2'-O-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl] modified phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotide (NMA PS ASO), we observed elevated levels of n minus NMA 5-methylcytosine (n-NMA C), where n is the full-length product (FLP). This impurity, which results from the deletion of any of the five NMA C residues in the oligonucleotide sequence, is the major contributor to the n-1 class of impurities.

Gram-Scale Synthesis of Mn/Octadecylamine Codecorated Carbon Dots with Ultrabroadband Yellow Emission for High-CRI White LEDs.

Exploiting environment-friendly and efficient phosphors is crucial to constructing high-quality and sustainable white light-emitting devices. Here, we demonstrate a facile and high-yield approach to synthesize Mn/octadecylamine (ODA)-codecorated carbon dots (CDs) with ultrabroadband and efficient yellow fluorescence in the solid state. The dots are prepared from anhydrous citric acid (CA), 1-ODA, and manganese acetate through a simple one-step hydrothermal process, with a production yield of 80%, a full width at half maxima (FWHM) of 98 nm, and a solid-state quantum yield up to 62.

Production of live monkeys and their genetically matched embryonic stem cells from single embryos.

Immune rejection poses a challenge in stem cell therapy, especially with allogeneic embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Non-human primates offer a promising avenue for developing genetically matched ESCs for regenerative medicine. Here, we successfully derive three live monkeys and their genetically matched autologous ESCs (aESCs) using embryo splitting.

Recent Advances of Covalent Organic Frameworks-Based Materials for Photocatalytic U(VI) Separation: Structural Modulation and Mechanistic Exploration.

The development of efficient and selective U(VI) extraction from seawater and U(VI)-containing wastewater through photocatalytic technology holds significant importance for nuclear energy advancement and mitigation of radionuclide-related environmental and health risks. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as ideal photocatalytic materials for U(VI) separation due to their inherent porosity, robust frameworks, chemical stability, and exceptional structural regularity. This comprehensive review examines molecular-level structural optimization of COFs to enhance charge carrier separation and transfer, thereby improving photocatalytic U(VI) extraction efficiency.

Two-dimension high efficiency beam steering based on liquid crystal polarization gratings.

Cascaded liquid crystal polarization grating (LCPG) structure is commonly used to realize two-dimension large angle optical beam steering. In this architecture, different LCPGs have different incident angles. As a liquid crystal half-wave plate (LC HWP) is placed in front of the LCPG to control steering direction, the different incident angles will affect the phase modulation of LC HWP and then, decrease the steering efficiency.

A human-AI collaborative framework for surgical field-of-view adjustment: design and experimental validation.

The goal of robotic endoscope holders is to replace human assistants by enabling optimal field of view (FoV) adjustment while ensuring stable visualization during minimally invasive surgery (MIS). However, existing systems struggle to achieve this goal, relying either on autonomous strategies that fail to interpret the surgical true intent or on detailed commands that increase the surgeon's interaction burden. Drawing inspiration from clinical decision-making processes, we introduce a novel Human-AI collaborative framework for surgical FoV adjustment (HIC-FoV) to address these limitations.

Fully Conjugated Sp Carbon-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks Enables Accelerated Exciton Process for Superior Singlet Oxygen Photosynthesis for Water Remediation.

Photocatalytic oxygen (O) activation via energy transfer offers a sustainable approach for singlet oxygen (O) synthesis, while its performance suffers from the ultrafast exciton dissociation and sluggish intersystem crossing (ISC) process. Up to date, exciton regulation is still in its infancy. Here, via linkage engineering of covalent organic frameworks (COFs), we propose a fully conjugated sp carbon-linked COFs (spc-Py-Bpy COFs) with strong exciton interaction and fast ISC for boosted O photosynthesis.

Bidirectional Phosphorescent Neuroplasticity for All-Optical Neurovision.

All-optical neuromorphics that can capture, process, and output photonic signals are in prospect to advance optical computing and imaging. Bidirectional neuroplasticity is essential for executing training and inference in optical neural networks, but most of the all-optical hardware only exhibits unidirectional weight modulation. Here, we explore bidirectional neuroplasticity in carbon dot phosphorescence (CDP) with potentiation and depression synaptic behaviors capable of neuroregulation for photonic intensity.

Causal Associations of Epigenetic Age Acceleration With Stroke and Its Functional Outcome: A Two-Sample, Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Study.

Background: Emerging evidence from observational studies suggested that epigenetic age acceleration may result in an increased incidence of stroke and poorer functional outcomes after a stroke. However, the causality of these associations remains controversial and may be confounded by bias. We aimed to investigate the causal effects of epigenetic age on stroke and its functional outcomes.

Assessment of Stereochemical Comparability in Phosphorothioated Oligonucleotides by CD, P NMR, and NP1 Digestion Coupled to LC-MS.

Substitution of a nonbridging oxygen for sulfur on the phosphodiester backbone of an oligonucleotide enhances its pharmacokinetic properties. This substitution creates a new chiral center at the phosphorus atom of the linkage. Oligonucleotides with >10 phosphorothioate linkages are therefore mixtures of thousands to hundreds of thousands of diastereomers.

The impact of neck pain and movement performance on the interarticular compressive force of the cervical spine: a cross-sectional study based on OpenSim.

Background: Excessive interarticular compressive force (CF) caused by poor posture increases the risk of neck pain. However, existing research on cervical CF is based on healthy individuals, and studies on those with neck pain are lacking. This study aims to address this gap by simultaneously collecting data from individuals with neck pain and asymptomatic individuals, simulating the CF during physiological movements such as flexion-extension, lateral bending, and rotation, to explore the impact of neck pain and movement performance on the interarticular CF.

Molecular Cocrystal Strategy for Retinamorphic Vision with UV-Vis-NIR Perception and Fast Recognition.

Neuromorphic vision sensors capable of multispectral perception and efficient recognition are highly desirable for bioretina emulation, but their realization is challenging. Here, we present a cocrystal strategy for preparing an organic nanowire retinamorphic vision sensor with UV-vis-NIR perception and fast recognition. By leveraging molecular-scale donor-acceptor interpenetration and charge-transfer interfaces, the cocrystal nanowire device exhibits ultrawide photoperception ranging from 350 to 1050 nm, fast photoresponse of 150 ms, high specific detectivity of 8.

Engineering spatially-confined conduits to tune nerve self-organization and allodynic responses via YAP-mediated mechanotransduction.

Chronic allodynia stemming from peripheral stump neuromas can persist for extended periods, significantly compromising patients' quality of life. Conventional managements for nerve stumps have demonstrated limited effectiveness in ensuring their orderly termination. In this study, we present a spatially confined conduit strategy, designed to enhance the self-organization of regenerating nerves after truncation.

[Meta-analysis on the Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application on Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Soils].

To explore the direct and indirect effects of organic fertilizer application on greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils, a total of 1228 groups of data from 129 published studies were selected. Meta-analysis was used to analyze the effects of organic fertilizer on global greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural soils and their influencing factors. Meanwhile, a structural equation model （SEM） was further constructed to quantify and determine the causal relationships between the factors.

Polyoxometalate-encapsulated metal-organic frameworks for photocatalytic uranium isolation.

Recycling uranium (U) adsorption and controlled conversion is crucial for the sustainable development of nuclear energy, in which photocatalytic reduction of U(vi) from aqueous solutions is considered one of the most effective strategies. The primary challenge in the photocatalytic elimination of U(vi) resides in the demand for photocatalysts with exceptional properties for effective U(vi) adsorption and charge separation. Herein, we developed the hybrids of polyoxometalate@Cu-metal-organic frameworks (POM@Cu-MOFs) through a self-assembly strategy and demonstrated the efficient removal of U(vi) synergistic adsorption and photocatalysis.

Bipyridine-based conjugated microporous polymers for boosted photocatalytic U(VI) separation.

Incorporating bipyridine units into the matrix of conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) boosts exciton dissociation, charge separation, and oxidation capacity. Consequently, the bipyridine-modified CMPs exhibit an impressive U(VI) separation rate (404 μmol g h) under sacrificial agent-free conditions, outperforming the results of its counterparts without bipyridine units and other documented CMPs.

Piezoelectric Effect-Mediating Reactive Oxygen Species in NiTiO Nanorods for Photocatalytic Removal of U(VI).

Piezoelectric catalysis could convert mechanical energy into chemical energy, which can combine with solar energy for a high-efficiency piezo-photocatalysis reaction. In this work, NiTiO nanorods were synthesized via the sol-gel method and initially employed for the removal of U(VI) from radioactive-contaminated water. The NiTiO nanorods will generate an internal electric field in an ultrasonic environment, which could greatly improve the performance of piezo-photocatalysis in reducing U(VI) by promoting the generation of photoexcited electrons and reactive oxygen species (ROS).

A memristive-photoconductive transduction methodology for accurately nondestructive memory readout.

Crossbar resistive memory architectures enable high-capacity storage and neuromorphic computing, accurate retrieval of the stored information is a prerequisite during read operation. However, conventional electrical readout normally suffer from complicated process, inaccurate and destructive reading due to crosstalk effect from sneak path current. Here we report a memristive-photoconductive transduction (MPT) methodology for precise and nondestructive readout in a memristive crossbar array.

Hollow S-Doped ZnFeO Microcubes with Magnetic Separability for Photocatalytic Removal of Uranium(VI) under Different Light Intensity.

Under xenon lamps, ZnFeO (ZFO) has been shown to be effective in removing uranium through photocatalysis. However, its performance is still inadequate in low-light environments due to low photon utilization and high electron-hole complexation. Herein, S-doped hollow ZnFeO microcubes (S-H-ZFO, x = 1, 3, 6, 9) were synthesized using the MOF precursor template method.

Open-Framework Vanadate as Efficient Ion Exchanger for Uranyl Removal.

The elimination of uranium from radioactive wastewater is crucial for the safe management and operation of environmental remediation. Here, we present a layered vanadate with high acid/base stability, [MeNH]VO, as an excellent ion exchanger capturing uranyl from highly complex aqueous solutions. The material possesses an indirect band gap, ferromagnetic characteristic and a flower-like morphology comprising parallel nanosheets.

Images with harder-to-reconstruct visual representations leave stronger memory traces.

Much of what we remember is not because of intentional selection, but simply a by-product of perceiving. This raises a foundational question about the architecture of the mind: how does perception interface with and influence memory? Here, inspired by a classic proposal relating perceptual processing to memory durability, the level-of-processing theory, we present a sparse coding model for compressing feature embeddings of images, and show that the reconstruction residuals from this model predict how well images are encoded into memory. In an open memorability dataset of scene images, we show that reconstruction error not only explains memory accuracy, but also response latencies during retrieval, subsuming, in the latter case, all of the variance explained by powerful vision-only models.