Combined Effects of Flood Disturbances and Nutrient Enrichment Prompt Aquatic Vegetation Expansion: Sediment Evidence from a Floodplain Lake.

Aquatic macrophytes are a vital component of lake ecosystems, profoundly influencing ecosystem structure and function. Under future scenarios of more frequent extreme floods and intensified lake eutrophication, aquatic macrophytes will face increasing challenges. Therefore, understanding aquatic macrophyte responses to flood disturbances and nutrient enrichment is crucial for predicting future vegetation dynamics in lake ecosystems.

MRI-Based Models Using Habitat Imaging for Predicting Distinct Vascular Patterns in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background And Objectives: To develop two distinct models for predicting microvascular invasion (MVI) and vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) based on habitat imaging, and to integrate these models for prognosis assessment.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, patients from two different institutions were enrolled and categorized for MVI (n=295) and VETC (n=276) prediction. Tumor and peritumoral regions on hepatobiliary phase images were segmented into subregions, from which all relevant features were extracted.

[Alleviation of hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in HL-1 cells by ginsenoside Rg_1 via regulating mitochondrial fusion based on Notch1 signaling pathway].

This paper explored the specific mechanism of ginsenoside Rg_1 in regulating mitochondrial fusion through the neurogenic gene Notch homologous protein 1(Notch1) pathway to alleviate hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) injury in HL-1 cells. The relative viability of HL-1 cells after six hours of hypoxia and two hours of reoxygenation was detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8). The lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in the cell supernatant was detected by the lactate substrate method.

Protein post-translational modifications: Novel molecular switches and strategies for targeted therapy in ischemic heart disease.

Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs), serving as crucial molecular switches regulating protein function and signaling pathways, have emerged as a research hotspot for elucidating the pathogenesis of Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and devising targeted therapeutic approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the principal PTM types associated with IHD, encompassing phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, glycosylation, lactylation and succinylation. It also delves into the molecular mechanisms and key targets of PTMs in IHD pathology, primarily involving myocardial energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis, inflammatory responses, cell death, and myocardial fibrosis.

Direct-fed microbials optimize ruminal fermentation, microbial ecosystem and milk quality to enhance the lactation performance of Sanhe dairy cows.

The growing global population and rising living standards require a higher supply of dairy products. Dairy cows are the most important source of milk production, with billions of microorganisms present in the rumen. This study aims to assess the impact of direct-fed microbials (DFMs) containing Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Bifidobacterium longum, and Pediococcus pentosaceus on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbial composition, and lactation performance in dairy cows.

Near-Infrared Emissive Molecular Carbons Based on Quadruple [n]Helicenes.

We present a molecular design strategy that combines structural multiplicity and π-extension on a quaterrylene diimide scaffold to construct efficient near-infrared (NIR) circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) emitters. Through a carefully controlled synthesis involving sequential regioselective Suzuki coupling followed by Sholl-type oxidative cyclization, we successfully obtained two novel quadruple [n]helicenes (QnH). Comprehensive experimental characterization and theoretical calculations demonstrated their distinct configurational preferences: Q5H exclusively adopted the meso (P,P,M,M) configuration, while Q6H produced only the (P,P,P,P)/(M,M,M,M) enantiomeric pair.

Synthesis and antimicrobial applications of α-peptoid polymers.

The rapid evolution of drug-resistant pathogens and the lag in antibiotic development pose a severe threat to global public health. Host defense peptides (HDPs) have emerged as promising candidates due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low resistance tendency. However, their practical application is hindered by poor proteolytic stability and high costs.

Discovery of Putative GyrB Inhibitors against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Combined Virtual Screening and Experimental Study.

Introduction: With the rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains of tuberculosis, resistance to current first-line and second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs is becoming increasingly prevalent. Consequently, the discovery of new lead compounds is essential to address this challenge. GyrB has emerged as a promising target for tuberculosis treatment due to its pivotal role in DNA replication and topology regulation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Nutriomics-specific chromatogram of aromatic herbs to mitigate methane emission through in vitro ruminal fermentation.

Methane is considered as a potent greenhouse gas, emitted from ruminants through enteric fermentation. Several methane mitigation strategies have been proposed and reported, however, role of aromatic herbs and their bioactive components on reduction of methane is still unclear. Mint (Mentha canadensis L.

Effect of emotional intelligence on problematic social media use among Chinese college students: mediating role of social exclusion and experiential avoidance.

Objective: To examine the mediating effects of social exclusion and experiential avoidance on college students' emotional intelligence and problematic social media use.

Methods: Using convenience sampling, 1,448 students enrolled at nine public universities in Chengdu, Beijing, Shanghai, and Kunming were recruited from May 1, 2021, to October 28, 2021. The Emotional Intelligence Scale, the Social Exclusion Questionnaire for College Students, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and the Problematic Mobile Social Media Use Assessment Questionnaire for Adolescents were used to conduct the survey.

Anti-Nutritional Factors of Plant Protein Feeds for Ruminants and Methods for Their Elimination.

In recent years, the rapid development of the ruminant feeding industry and the limited availability and rising prices of traditional protein feed ingredients have renewed the focus on protein feeds in ruminant diets. Plant protein feeds are a core component of protein feeds for ruminants; however, the utilisation of both conventional and non-conventional plant protein feeds is limited by the presence of anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). In order to maximise the use of plant protein feeds and to promote their application in ruminant production, it is important to have a comprehensive understanding of the types and nature of their ANFs, their anti-nutritional mechanisms, and current effective methods of eliminating ANFs.

Regulation of sulfur starvation-induced proteins.

The application of environmentally friendly biological desulfurization (BDS) methods for treating organic sulfur offers significant potential to enhance the utilization of organic sulfur, reduce waste generation, and mitigate environmental harm. Several strains, including , , and , have been studied for their sulfur metabolic pathways and regulatory proteins involved in BDS. However, the current understanding of these regulatory mechanisms remains limited.

Ductal or Ngn3 cells do not contribute to adult pancreatic islet beta-cell neogenesis in homeostasis.

The adult pancreatic ducts have long been proposed to contain rare progenitors, some of which expressing Ngn3, that generate new beta cells in endocrine-islet homeostasis. Due to their postulated rarity and the lack of definitive markers, the existence or absence of ductal endocrine progenitors remains unsettled despite many studies. Genetic lineage tracing of ductal cells or Ngn3 cells with currently available CreER drivers has been complicated by off-target labeling of pre-existing beta cells.

Dual genetic tracing demonstrates the heterogeneous differentiation and function of neuromesodermal progenitors in vivo.

In recent decades, the traditional paradigm of three distinct germ layers formed during gastrulation has been revised with the identification of neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs). These progenitors emerge during gastrulation and contribute to both the neural ectoderm, particularly the spinal cord, and the adjacent paraxial mesoderm [D. Henrique , , 2864-2875 (2015); R.

Cardiomyocyte regeneration after infarction: changes, opportunities and challenges.

Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease that poses a serious threat to human health. The traditional view is that adult mammalian cardiomyocytes have almost no regenerative ability, but recent studies have shown that they have regenerative potential under specific conditions. This article comprehensively describes the research progress of post-infarction cardiomyocyte regeneration, including the characteristics of cardiomyocytes and post-infarction changes, regeneration mechanisms, influencing factors, potential therapeutic strategies, challenges and future development directions, and deeply discusses the specific pathways and targets included in the regeneration mechanism, aiming to provide new ideas and methods for the treatment of myocardial infarction.

The development of multicolor carbon dots and their applications in the field of anti-counterfeiting.

The diversity of photoluminescence emission of multicolor carbon dots (mCDs) greatly broadens their application field. Counterfeiting is a problem that has serious consequences for individuals and society. The fluorescent ink based on mCDs has been developed due to their low toxicity and good resistance to photobleaching in the field of anti-counterfeiting.

CAS1-synthesized β-Caryophyllene enhances broad-spectrum stress resistance in tomatoes.

Plants have evolved a variety of regulatory mechanisms to adapt to changing environment conditions. Secondary metabolites play a crucial role in these adaptive processes. However, little is known about whether specific secondary metabolites confer broad-spectrum resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.

The impact of rumen microbial composition on apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation and metabolism in Sanhe cows and Holstein cows of different parities under identical dietary conditions.

Previous studies have discussed the association between serum metabolism and lactation performance among Sanhe and Holstein cows of different parities and found that the metabolic profiles of these two breeds vary differently with parity. Since the rumen is the central organ for nutrient absorption and production transformation in dairy cows, it remains unknown whether the differences observed under the same dietary conditions are related to the structure of the rumen microbiome. This study measured the apparent digestibility and rumen fermentation parameters of Sanhe cows (S1/S2/S3/S4) and Holstein cows (H1/H2/H3/H4) across four parities and generated a comprehensive rumen microbiome dataset using high-throughput sequencing technology.

Long-term leucine supplementation increases body weight in goats by controlling appetite and muscle protein synthesis under protein-restricted conditions.

An inadequate amino acid (AA) supply in animals under protein-restricted conditions can slow skeletal muscle growth. Protein translation can be activated by short-term leucine (Leu) stimulation; however, whether muscle mass increases under long-term Leu supplementation and how the gut and muscle respond to Leu supplementation are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated if muscle mass increases with long-term Leu supplementation under protein-restricted conditions.

Genome-wide characterization of circular RNAs in three rat models of pulmonary hypertension reveals distinct pathological patterns.

Background: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a devastating disease marked by elevated pulmonary artery pressure, resulting in right ventricular (RV) failure and mortality. Despite the identification of several dysregulated genes in PH, the involvement of circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subset of long noncoding RNAs, remains largely unknown.

Methods: In this study, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the genome-wide expression patterns of circRNAs in pulmonary arteries from three models of PH rats induced by hypoxia (Hyp), hypoxia/Sugen5416 (HySu), and monocrotaline (MCT).

Exploring Origin-Dependent Susceptibility of Smooth Muscle Cells to Aortic Diseases Through Intersectional Genetics.

Background: The developmental diversity among smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a crucial role in segment-specific aortic diseases. However, traditional genetic approaches are inadequate for enabling in vivo analysis of disease susceptibility associated with cellular origin. There is an urgent need to build genetic technologies that target different developmental origins to investigate the mechanisms of aortopathies, thereby facilitating the development of effective therapeutics.

Hopping-Phase Ion Bridge Enables Fast Li Transport in Functional Garnet-Type Solid-State Battery at Room Temperature.

Composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) containing LiLaZrTaO (LLZTO) is widely regarded as leading candidate for high energy density solid-state lithium-metal batteries due to its exceptional ionic conductivity and environmental stability. However, LiCO and LiOH layers at LLZTO surface greatly hinder Li transport between LLZTO-polymer and the electrode-electrolyte interface. Herein, the surface of LLZTO is boronized to obtain functionalized LLZTO, and its conversion mechanism is clarified.

Protective mechanism of safflower yellow injection on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by activating NLRP3 inflammasome.

Objectives: This study intended to explore whether the protective effect safflower yellow injection (SYI) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats mediated of the NLRP3 inflammasome signaling.

Methods: The I/R model was prepared by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery for 45 min and then releasing the blood flow for 150 min. 96 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham group, I/R group, Hebeishuang group (HBS), SYI high-dose group (I/R + SYI-H), SYI medium-dose group (I/R + SYI-M) and SYI low-dose group (I/R + SYI-L).

Mitophagy in ischemic heart disease: molecular mechanisms and clinical management.

The influence of the mitochondrial control system on ischemic heart disease has become a major focus of current research. Mitophagy, as a very crucial part of the mitochondrial control system, plays a special role in ischemic heart disease, unlike mitochondrial dynamics. The published reviews have not explored in detail the unique function of mitophagy in ischemic heart disease, therefore, the aim of this paper is to summarize how mitophagy regulates the progression of ischemic heart disease.