CAS1-synthesized β-Caryophyllene enhances broad-spectrum stress resistance in tomatoes.

Plants have evolved a variety of regulatory mechanisms to adapt to changing environment conditions. Secondary metabolites play a crucial role in these adaptive processes. However, little is known about whether specific secondary metabolites confer broad-spectrum resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.

Biochar promotes compost humification by regulating bacterial and fungal communities.

Introduction: Humus can be formed during composting through biological pathways, nonetheless, the mechanisms through which bacterial and fungal communities govern the development of humus in compost with the addition of biochar remain uncertain.

Methods: In this study, compost with cow dung and maize stover as feedstock was employed as a control group, and compost with 10% biochar added on top of the feedstock was adopted as a treatment group to investigate the effect of bacterial and fungal communities on humus formation during biochar composting.

Results And Discussion: The results demonstrated that the humic acid content increased by 24.

Loss of cold tolerance is conferred by absence of the WRKY34 promoter fragment during tomato evolution.

Natural evolution has resulted in reduced cold tolerance in cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Herein, we perform a combined analysis of ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq in cold-sensitive cultivated tomato and cold-tolerant wild tomato (S. habrochaites).

The role of cattle manure-driven polysaccharide precursors in humus formation during composting of spent mushroom substrate.

The study examined the impact of adding cattle manure to the composting process of mushroom substrate on compost humification. A control group CK comprised entirely of mushroom substrate, while the experimental group CD (70 percent mushroom substrate and 30 percent cattle manure) comprised the two composting treatments that were established. The study determined that the addition of cow dung has promoted the formation of humus components.

Core microbes identification and synthetic microbiota construction for the production of Xiaoqu light-aroma Baijiu.

Baijiu production has relied on natural inoculated Qu as a starter culture, causing the unstable microbiota of fermentation grains, which resulted in inconsistent product quality across batches. Therefore, revealing the core microbes and constructing a synthetic microbiota during the fermentation process was extremely important for stabilizing product quality. In this study, the succession of the microbial community was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology, and ten core microbes of Xiaoqu light-aroma Baijiu were obtained by mathematical statistics, including Acetobacter, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Weissella, Pichia,Rhizopus, Wickerhamomyces, Issatchenkia, Saccharomyces, and Kazachstania.

Biochar's role in improving pakchoi quality and microbial community structure in rhizosphere soil.

Background: Biochar amendments enhance crop productivity and improve agricultural quality. To date, studies on the correlation between different amounts of biochar in pakchoi ( L.) quality and rhizosphere soil microorganisms are limited, especially in weakly alkaline soils.

Biochar application can enhance phosphorus solubilization by strengthening redox properties of humic reducing microorganisms during composting.

Phosphorus (P) in nature mostly exists in an insoluble state, and humic reducing microorganisms (HRMs) can dissolve insoluble substances through redox properties. This study aimed to investigate the correlations between insoluble P and dominant HRMs amenable to individual culture during biochar composting. These analyses revealed that, in comparison to the control, biochar addition increased the relative abundance of dominant HRMs by 20.

Glutathione-dependent redox homeostasis is critical for chlorothalonil detoxification in tomato leaves.

Glutathione plays a critical role in plant growth, development and response to stress. It is a major cellular antioxidant and is involved in the detoxification of xenobiotics in many organisms, including plants. However, the role of glutathione-dependent redox homeostasis and associated molecular mechanisms regulating the antioxidant system and pesticide metabolism remains unclear.

Effects of adding corn steep liquor on bacterial community composition and carbon and nitrogen transformation during spent mushroom substrate composting.

Background: Carbon and nitrogen are essential energy and nutrient substances in the composting process. Corn steep liquor (CSL) is rich in soluble carbon and nitrogen nutrients and active substances and is widely used in the biological industry. Nonetheless, limited research has been done on the effect of CSL on composting.

Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid strengthens phenylpropanoid and nitrogen metabolism to enhance the contents of flavonoids, amino acids, and the derivatives in edamame.

γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been reported to improve stress resistance in plants. Nonetheless, little is known about the effects of GABA on the nutritional quality and regulatory mechanisms of edamame. Therefore, we analyzed the flavonoid and amino acid (AA) metabolism and the effects of GABA on the nutrient content of edamame seeds through physiological and metabolomic analyses.

A single-nucleotide polymorphism in WRKY33 promoter is associated with the cold sensitivity in cultivated tomato.

Natural variations in cis-regulatory regions often affect crop phenotypes by altering gene expression. However, the mechanism of how promoter mutations affect gene expression and crop stress tolerance is still poorly understood. In this study, by analyzing RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) data and reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR validation in the cultivated tomato and its wild relatives, we reveal that the transcripts of WRKY33 are almost unchanged in cold-sensitive cultivated tomato Solanum lycopersicum L.

Glutathione Promotes Degradation and Metabolism of Residual Fungicides by Inducing UDP-Glycosyltransferase Genes in Tomato.

Reduced glutathione (GSH) is a key antioxidant, which plays a crucial role in the detoxification of xenobiotics in plants. In the present study, glutathione could reduce chlorothalonil (CHT) residues in tomatoes by inducing the expression of the UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) gene. In plants, UGT is an important glycosylation catalyst, which can respond to stresses in time by activating plant hormones and defense compounds.

Jasmonic acid promotes glutathione assisted degradation of chlorothalonil during tomato growth.

Glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis and regeneration play a significant role in the metabolism of chlorothalonil (CHT) in tomatoes. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of GSH in the degradation of CHT remains uncertain. To address this, we investigate the critical regulatory pathways in the degradation of residual CHT in tomatoes.

Synthesis, crystal structures and magnetic properties of a series of chair-like heterometallic [FeLn] (Ln = Gd, Dy, Ho, and Er) complexes with mixed organic ligands.

Four chair-like hexanuclear Fe-Ln complexes containing mixed organic ligands, namely, [FeLn{(py)CO}(pdm)(NO)(HO)Cl]·xCHCN·yHO (Ln = Gd (1, x = 1, y = 0), Dy (2, x = 1, y = 1), Ho (3, x = 0, y = 2), and Er (4, x = 1, y = 3); (py)COH = the gem-diol form of di-2-pyridyl ketone and pdmH = 2,6-pyridinedimethanol) have been obtained by employing di-2-pyridyl ketone and 2,6-pyridinedimethanol reacting with FeCl and Ln(NO) in MeCN. The structures of 1-4 are similar to each other except for the number of lattice solvent molecules. Four Fe and two Ln in these complexes comprise a chair-like core with the "body" constructed by four Fe ions and the "end" constructed by two Ln ions.

Age-related reduction of adaptive brain response during semantic integration is associated with gray matter reduction.

While aging is associated with increased knowledge, it is also associated with decreased semantic integration. To investigate brain activation changes during semantic integration, a sample of forty-eight 25-75 year-old adults read sentences with high cloze (HC) and low cloze (LC) probability while functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted. Significant age-related reduction of cloze effect (LC vs.

Two unprecedented decanuclear heterometallic [MnMnLn] (Ln = Dy, Tb) complexes displaying relaxation of magnetization.

We report the syntheses, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of two 3d-4f heterometallic compounds; namely, [MnLnO(OH){(py)CO}(teaH)(CHCOO)]·6CHCN·2HO (Ln = Dy (1), Tb (2); (py)COH = the gem-diol form of di-2-pyridyl ketone, teaH = triethanolamine). Both compounds were prepared by the reaction of Mn(OAc)·4HO, Ln(NO)·5HO (Ln = Dy and Tb) with the ligands di-2-pyridyl ketone and triethanolamine in MeCN, and they crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c. [MnLn] complexes have not been reported before, and the metallic cores of both complexes were unprecedented.

[Salt resistance of different tomato genotypes at seed germination stage].

Based on the cluster analysis of relative germination potential and relative germination rate under NaCl stress, fourteen tomato genotypes were clustered into two groups. Five tomato genotypes held high resistance to NaCl stress, and nine tomato genotypes were moderately NaCl- tolerant. The highly NaCl- tolerant genotypes wild Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium, Liaoyuanhongmanao and Hongbaoshi and the moderately NaCl- tolerant genotype Liaoyuanhongduoli were then under different Na(+)-salts and NaCl, Na+, and Cl- stresses.

[Effects of salicylic acid on sucrose metabolism of tomato seedlings under NaCl stress].

A water culture experiment was conducted with the seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) cultivar Liaoyuanduoli to study the effects of salicylic acid (SA) on their sucrose metabolism under NaCl stress. The seedlings were treated with different concentrations (100, 300, and 500 mg x L(-1)) of SA, and the contents of sucrose, glucose, and fructose as well as the related enzyme activities of sucrose metabolism, including acid invertase (AI), neutral invertase (NI), sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), and sucrose synthase (SS), in seedling leaves were determined.

Study on volatility and flash point of the pseudo-binary mixtures of sunflowerseed-based biodiesel+ethanol.

Volatility and flash point for the pseudo-binary mixtures of sunflower seed-based biodiesel+ethanol were measured over the entire composition range. The biodiesel was prepared by the transesterification of sunflower seed oil in supercritical methanol without using any catalyst. The vapor pressures of mixtures of biodiesel+ethanol as a function of temperature were measured by comparative ebulliometry with an inclined ebulliometer.