Proteogenomic Biomarker Profiling for Predicting Radiolabeled Immunotherapy Response in Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Treatment resistance prevents patients with preoperative chemoradiotherapy or targeted radiolabeled immunotherapy from achieving a good result, which remains a major challenge in the prostate cancer (PCa) area. A novel integrative framework combining a machine learning workflow with proteogenomic profiling was used to identify predictive ultrasound biomarkers and classify patient response to radiolabeled immunotherapy in high-risk PCa patients who are treatment resistant. The deep stacked autoencoder (DSAE) model, combined with Extreme Gradient Boosting, was designed for feature refinement and classification.

Determination of Mn Valence States in Nanocatalysts During Sustainable Syngas Conversion.

Constructing structure-activity relationships (SAR) between nanocatalysts under reactive atmospheres makes them indispensable for chemical synthesis, energy transformation, and environmental remediation. However, this structure sensitivity remains ambiguous for metals/metal oxides due to dynamic changes in metal valences under a reductive atmosphere. Herein, this study delves into the complexities of Mn-based nanocatalysts, focusing on the impact of the Mn valence state in a test reaction converting sustainable syngas to aromatics-a process highly sensitive to the catalyst's redox environment and active site characteristics.

Recent advances in novel targeting mechanisms for colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with treatment complicated by drug resistance, metastasis, and tumor heterogeneity. In recent years, with deeper insights into tumor biology, various novel targeting mechanisms have been discovered and garnered increasing attention. Among these mechanisms, metabolic reprogramming, cell death mechanisms, and signaling pathways are particularly critical, as they not only govern fundamental biological processes of CRC but also offer a wealth of clinically actionable targets.

EMAP-II from macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles drives neutrophil extracellular traps formation via PI3K/AKT/mtROS in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury (LIRI) is a significant complication following lung transplantation driven by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress. However, the intercellular signaling mechanisms mediating oxidative stress remain unresolved. Here, we elucidated a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) amplification mechanism driven by extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Intralesional and perilesional radiomics strategy based on different machine learning for the prediction of international society of urological pathology grade group in prostate cancer.

Objective: To develop and evaluate a intralesional and perilesional radiomics strategy based on different machine learning model to differentiate International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade > 2 group and ISUP ≤ 2 prostate cancers (PCa).

Methods: 340 case of PCa patients confirmed by radical prostatectomy pathology were obtained from two hospitals. The patients were divided into training, internal validation, and external validation groups.

Microplastic pollution in water and sediment in the Henan section of the Yellow River based on the MultiMP comprehensive evaluation method.

This study investigates the current state of microplastic (MP) pollution and ecological risks in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, focusing on the Henan section. Using the advanced MultiMP risk assessment method, both surface water and sediment environments were comprehensively evaluated. Results indicate that MPs were detected in both environments, with surface water abundance ranging from 3.

Development and validation of a novel clinical-radiological-pathological scoring system for preoperative prediction of extraprostatic extension in prostate cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Objective: To develop and validate a multimodal scoring system integrating clinical, radiological, and pathological variables to preoperatively predict extraprostatic extension (EPE) in prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: This retrospective study included 667 PCa patients divided into a derivation cohort and two validation cohorts. Evaluated parameters comprised prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD), curvilinear contact length (CCL), lesion longest diameter (LD), National Cancer Institute EPE grade (NCI_EPE), International Society of Urological Pathology grade (ISUP), and other relevant variables.

Characteristics and trends of unintentional injuries among children and adolescents in Kunshan, China: a hospital-based retrospective study, 2018-2023.

Objective: This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological trends and mechanisms of pediatric unintentional injuries in Kunshan, China (2018-2023) and to develop time series models to predict future trends.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 77,379 pediatric unintentional injury cases, stratified by age, gender, and injury categories. Subgroup analyses targeted children under 5 years.

A comprehensive scoring system integrating clinical and radiological variables for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer on bi-parameter MRI: multi-center comparison with multi-parametric MRI.

Purpose: To develop and validate a scoring system that combines clinical and radiological variables to predict the likelihood of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa, which is defined as Gleason Grade group ≥ 2) before biopsy and stratify patients by predicted risk.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 788 patients. Data were stratified into a derivation cohort and two validation cohorts by institutions.

Distribution, sources and multi-dimensional environmental risk assessment of microplastics in soils and groundwater along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow river.

A novel assessment approach for multi-dimensional microplastic particles (Multi-MPs), grounded in the objective weighting method, is applied to the soil and groundwater alongside the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The results showed that MPs concentration ranged from 426 to 3011 n∙kg in soil layer (0-15 cm). Dominant soil MPs exhibited sizes ranging from 25 to 150 μm (61.

Targeted therapy acts to sensitize stereotactic body radiotherapy for pulmonary oligometastases from colorectal cancer.

Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is used to manage lung metastases arising from colorectal cancer (CRC), but its effectiveness is constrained by the radioresistance of CRCs. Here, we explored whether concurrent therapy with cetuximab or bevacizumab could improve the prognosis of CRC patients with pulmonary oligometastases.

Materials And Methods: CRC patients with oligometastatic lung tumors (OLTs) treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy from March 2011 to March 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.

Influence of the stability of boundary vortex on drag reduction induced by transverse V-grooves.

Previous studies revealed the skin-friction drag reduction properties induced by transverse grooves. However, the effects of unsteady characteristics of vortices within the grooves on the drag reduction properties have not been investigated. A hypothesis that the unsteady motion of vortices may reduce the friction drag-reduction rate induced by transverse V-grooves is proposed in this paper.

Early antibiotic exposure and necrotizing enterocolitis among preterm infants < 34 weeks' gestation.

Background: To investigate whether use, duration, and types of early antibiotics were associated with the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) among preterm infants born at <34 weeks' gestation.

Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study included all infants with gestational age <34 weeks and admitted to neonatal intensive care units across China. Early antibiotic exposure was defined as the antibiotic treatment initiated within the first three postnatal days.

Surufatinib in advanced neuroendocrine tumours: Final overall survival from two randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 studies (SANET-ep and SANET-p).

Background: SANET-ep (NCT02588170) and SANET-p (NCT02589821) demonstrated the efficacy and safety of surufatinib versus placebo in patients with advanced extra-pancreatic and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Here, we present a pooled analysis of final overall survival (OS) from two randomised phase 3 studies.

Methods: The SANET studies were randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 studies in China, comparing the efficacy and safety of oral 300-mg surufatinib (n = 265) versus placebo (n = 133) in patients with unresectable/metastatic, well-differentiated NETs (grade 1/2).

A disproportionality analysis of interstitial lung disease associated with drug therapy in spontaneous adverse event reports.

Background: Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a group of disorders characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of lung tissue that make it hard to carry oxygen. Our study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the risk of drug-induced ILD using data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database.

Research Design And Methods: We queried the ILD reports from 2004 to 2023.

The Purification and Characterization of a Novel Neutral Protease from Fruiting Bodies and the Enzymatic Digestion of Soybean Isolates.

A novel protease was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the straw mushroom . The protease was purified 13.48-fold using a series of techniques, including ammonium sulfate precipitation, ultrafiltration, diethylaminoethyl fast-flow (DEAE FF) ion-exchange chromatography, and Superdex 75 gel filtration chromatography, resulting in a specific enzyme activity of 286.

Oral FPR2/ALX modulators tune myeloid cell activity to ameliorate mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease.

Current treatments of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) largely depend on anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive strategies with unacceptable efficacy and adverse events. Resolution or repair agents to treat IBD are not available but potential targets like formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2/ALX) may fill the gap. In this study we evaluated the therapeutic effects of two small molecule FPR2/ALX modulators (agonist Quin-C1 and antagonist Quin-C7) against IBD.

Epileptic Encephalopathy Mutation Displays a Loss-of-Function Phenotype and Distinct Insensitivity to Valproate.

Voltage-gated sodium channels are the main targets of antiepileptic drugs, such as sodium valproate (VPA). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Nav1.6 isoform () have been reported to be closely associated with motor dysfunction in pediatric akathisia epileptica.

Predicting progression of cerebral small vessel disease: relevance of carotid perivascular fat density based on computed tomography angiography.

Background: Symptomatic carotid lesions surrounded by perivascular fat have been found to be associated with the presence of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD). In this study, we investigated the possible relationship of perivascular fat density (PFD) with CSVD and its progression, independent of the presence of carotid stenosis.

Methods: This study retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients without carotid stenosis who underwent carotid computed tomography angiography (CTA), computed tomography perfusion (CTP), and two brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (hospital I) from January 2019 to March 2024.

Anti-TNBC effects of Lappaol F by targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition via regulation of GSK-3β/YAP/β-catenin and PI3K/AKT pathways.

Purpose: Lappaol F (LAF), a lignan extracted from , has a wide spectrum of anti-tumor effects, including inhibition of TNBC cell growth. However, the pharmacological mechanism of LAF targeting epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to inhibit Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) growth remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to reveal the potential mechanism of LAF against TNBC by and experiments.

Pd-IPent-Catalyzed Defluorinative Annulation of -Difluorocyclopropanes with Enamides: Synthesis of Multisubstituted -H Pyrroles.

We present a Pd-IPent-catalyzed ring-opening defluorinative annulation reaction of -difluorocyclopropanes with enamides, which provides a convenient and efficient strategy for the synthesis of multisubstituted -H pyrrole derivatives. This transformation selectively cleaves the C-C bond, two C-F bonds, and the C-N bond in a one-pot procedure. Additionally, this protocol allows for the modification of several bioactive molecules.

Idebenone improves mitochondrial respiratory activity and attenuates oxidative damage via the SIRT3-SOD2 pathway in a prion disease cell model.

Prion diseases are neurodegenerative diseases that are transmitted between humans and animals, which cause spongiform brain degeneration and neuronal death. Prion diseases are difficult to treat. Mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress occurring early in disease progression.

Intestinal Bacterial Dysbiosis and Liver Fibrosis in Mice Through Gut-Liver Axis and NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway Caused by Fine Particulate Matter.

Fine particulate matter (PM) is associated with risks of liver diseases and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, in which the gut-liver axis regulation mechanisms induced by PM exposure are still limited so far. In this study, after 12 weeks of exposure to atmospheric PM (64 μg/m) and clean air in winter in Taiyuan, China, we collected liver and intestinal tissues and serum in male mice to perform toxicology experiments. The results showed that PM significantly exacerbated the pathological injury in the liver and intestine and liver fibrosis in mice, along with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the serum.