Wogonin modulates macrophage polarization and inflammatory signaling through the LSD1-p65 axis to alleviate osteoarthritis.

Background: The study elucidates wogonin's therapeutic mechanisms in osteoarthritis (OA) induced by medial meniscus destabilization (DMM), focusing on macrophage polarization regulation, inflammatory signaling modulation, and cellular crosstalk within OA joints.

Methods: A DMM-induced OA mouse model received intra-articular injection of wogonin for 8 weeks. In vitro analyses utilized LPS-stimulated Raw264.

A trans-species cytoplasmic polymorphism is associated with seed shape and aridity across multiple species of sunflowers.

The cytoplasmic genomes of plants and animals often fail to track species boundaries. However, the mechanisms responsible for such patterns are poorly understood, in part because few studies have linked cytoplasmic variation to phenotypic traits or environmental differences. Here, we use 1,554 previously published and 185 new whole genome sequences representing 14 taxa from the sunflower genus , 91 phenotypic traits measured in common gardens, and 39 environmental variables to test for environmental and phenotypic effects of cytoplasmic genome variation.

S-palmitoylation coordinates the trafficking of ATG9A to mediate autophagy initiation.

17-ODYA: 17-octadecynoic acid; 293T: HEK293T; 2-BP: 2-bromopalmitate; 2CS: Cys155Ser and Cys156Ser; ABE: acyl-biotin exchange; AP: adaptor protein; APEX2: ascorbate peroxidase 2; ATG: autophagy related; baf A: bafilomycin A; CRISPR: clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; CTD: C-terminal domain; Cys: cysteine; DAB: 3,3'-diaminobenzidine; EV: empty vector; HO: hydrogen peroxide; IF: immunofluorescence; IP: immunoprecipitation; KO: knockout; MAP1LC3B/LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NTD: N-terminal domain; PAS: phagophore assembly site; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PtdIns3K-CI: class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I; PM: plasma membrane; PTM: post-translational modifications; Ser: serine; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TGN: trans-Golgi network; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1; WCL, whole cell lysates; WDR45/WIPI4: WD repeat domain 45; WT: wild-type; ZFYVE1/DFCP1: zinc finger FYVE-type containing 1.

Palmitoylation of GPX4 via the targetable ZDHHC8 determines ferroptosis sensitivity and antitumor immunity.

Ferroptosis is closely linked with various pathophysiological processes, including aging, neurodegeneration, ischemia-reperfusion injury, viral infection and, notably, cancer progression; however, its post-translational regulatory mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here we revealed a crucial role of S-palmitoylation in regulating ferroptosis through glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a pivotal enzyme that mitigates lipid peroxidation. We identified that zinc finger DHHC-domain containing protein 8 (zDHHC8), an S-acyltransferase that is highly expressed in multiple tumors, palmitoylates GPX4 at Cys75.

Macro/Microgel-Encapsulated, Biofilm-Armored Living Probiotic Platform for Regenerating Bacteria-Infected Diabetic Wounds.

Infectious diabetic wounds pose an arduous threat to contemporary healthcare. The combination of refractory biofilms, persistent inflammation, and retarded angiogenesis can procure non-unions and life-threatening complications, calling for advanced therapeutics potent to orchestrate anti-infective effectiveness, benign biocompatibility, pro-reparative immunomodulation, and angiogenic regeneration. Herein, embracing the emergent "living bacterial therapy" paradigm, a designer probiotic-in-hydrogel wound dressing platform is demonstrated.

Comparison of extraction and refinement techniques for volatile compound analysis in camellia oil.

The processing techniques of camellia oil, containing freshly squeezed (FSCO), refined (DFCO), cold-pressed (OFCO), and hot-pressed (RFCO), significantly influence flavor compounds and organoleptic properties. In this study, the preference for FSCO and RFCO was revealed by sensory evaluation due to the "fruity" and "roasted" flavors, respectively. Flavor differences among oils were accurately distinguished by the E-nose.

Palmitoylation acts as a checkpoint for MAVS aggregation to promote antiviral innate immune responses.

Upon RNA virus infection, the signaling adaptor MAVS forms functional prion-like aggregates on the mitochondrial outer membrane, which serve as a central hub that links virus recognition to downstream antiviral innate immune responses. Multiple mechanisms regulating MAVS activation have been revealed; however, the checkpoint governing MAVS aggregation remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the palmitoylation of MAVS at cysteine 79 (C79), which is catalyzed mainly by the palmitoyl S-acyltransferase ZDHHC12, was essential for MAVS aggregation and antiviral innate immunity upon viral infection in macrophages.

ESMR4FBP: A pLM-based regression prediction model for specific properties of food-derived peptides optimized multiple bionic metaheuristic algorithms.

Due to the growing emphasis on food safety, peptide research is increasingly focusing on food sources. Traditional methods for determining peptide properties are expensive. While artificial intelligence (AI) models can reduce cost, existing peptide models often lack accuracy.

Impact of neem oil biodiesel blends on physical and chemical properties of particulate matter emitted from diesel engines.

The global searchlight for sustainable alternative fuels to reduce emissions produced from the combustion of fossil fuels illuminates biofuels owing to their matching properties with fossil fuels. This is the impetus for this study which systematically examines the impact of neem biodiesel (NB) blends with pure diesel on the physical and chemical properties of particulate matter (PM) from diesel engines. Pure diesel (B0) and four fuel blends, namely, B5, B10, B15 and B20 are examined.

ER-phagy restrains inflammatory responses through its receptor UBAC2.

ER-phagy, a selective form of autophagic degradation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) fragments, plays an essential role in governing ER homeostasis. Dysregulation of ER-phagy is associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR), which is a major clue for evoking inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning the connection between ER-phagy and disease remains poorly defined.

Phase inversion regulable bigels co-stabilized by Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein and beeswax: In-vitro digestion and food 3D printing.

Algal proteins are an emerging source of functional foods. Herein, Chlorella pyrenoidosa protein (CPP)/xanthan gum-based hydrogels (HG) and beeswax-gelled oleogels (OG) are adopted to fabricate bigels. The phase inversion of bigels can be regulated by the ratio of OG and HG: As the OG increased, bigels turn from OG-in-HG (OG/HG) to a semicontinuous state and then HG-in-OG (HG/OG).

Assay for interferon gamma release as a novel marker in pediatric patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background: The interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) is an important laboratory diagnosis for latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection. The TB-IGRA measures the release of IFN-γ from peripheral blood cells, who are exposed to TB antigen (Ag), mitogen (MT), or negative/nil control (NL) in vitro. While, an exceptional higher TB Ag-NL level will reflect an elevation of peripheral lymphocytes released IFN-γ in a same condition.

Composite-structure oleogels constructed by glycerol monolaurate and whey protein isolate: Preparation, characterization and in vitro digestion.

The Glycerol monolaurate (GML) oleogel was induced using Camellia oil by slowly raising the temp to the melting point (MP) of GML. Whey protein isolate (WPI) solution with different ratios was composited with GML oleogel by emulsion template methods, forming dense spines and honeycomb-like networks and impressed with an adjustable composite structure. Textural results showed that compared with single GML-based oleogels, the GML/WPI composite oleogels had the advantages of high hardness and molding, and structural stability.

Abnormal expression of LCA and CD43 in SCLC: a rare case report and brief literature review.

Background: To present an unusual case of abnormal LCA expression and CD43 in SCLC and to review the reported literature to avoid potential diagnostic pitfalls.

Case Presentation: A 73-year-old male patient suffered from persistent back pain for more than one month. MRI revealed a compression fracture of the L1-L5 vertebra.

POU2F3-positive small cell carcinoma of the bladder: A clinicopathologic analysis of 4 cases and literature review.

POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3)-positive small cell bladder carcinoma (SCBC) is an extremely rare entity, and its clinicopathologic features have not been fully described. Here, we investigated the clinicopathologic features of 4 cases of POU2F3-positive small cell bladder carcinoma (SCBC) and reviewed the literature. We collected 12 cases of SCBC from our departmental archives and detected the expression of POU2F3 by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.

Melan-A expression in non-melanocytic carcinoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall.

Background: Melan-A/MART-1 is a melanocytic differentiation marker recognized as an antigen on melanoma cells. It is a useful diagnostic marker for pathologists in the diagnosis of melanocytic tumors. However, we recently found that Melan-A can be expressed in some non-melanocytic carcinomas that are rarely reported in the literature.

The Salinity Survival Strategy of : Investigating Microbial Community Shifts and Nitrogen Cycling in Saline Soils.

Quinoa is extensively cultivated for its nutritional value, and its exceptional capacity to endure elevated salt levels presents a promising resolution to the agricultural quandaries posed by salinity stress. However, limited research has been dedicated to elucidating the correlation between alterations in the salinity soil microbial community and nitrogen transformations. To scrutinize the underlying mechanisms behind quinoa's salt tolerance, we assessed the changes in microbial community structure and the abundance of nitrogen transformation genes across three distinct salinity thresholds (1 g·kg, 3 g·kg, and 6 g·kg) at two distinct time points (35 and 70 days).

Squamous cell carcinoma associated with endometriosis in the uterus and ovaries: A case report.

Background: Endometriosis is a common benign gynecological disease that causes dysmenorrhea in women of childbearing age. Malignant tumors derived from endometriosis are rarely reported and are found in only 1% of all patients with endometriosis. Here, we report a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) caused by squamous metaplasia of endometriosis that co-occurred in the uterus and ovaries.

Immune Cell-Related Genes in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Identified Using Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Sequencing Data.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic rheumatic disease in children. The heterogeneity of the disease can be investigated via single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for its gap in the literature. Firstly, five types of immune cells (plasma cells, naive CD4 T cells, memory-activated CD4 T cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils) were significantly different between normal control (NC) and JIA samples.

Genomics of plant speciation.

Studies of plants have been instrumental for revealing how new species originate. For several decades, botanical research has complemented and, in some cases, challenged concepts on speciation developed via the study of other organisms while also revealing additional ways in which species can form. Now, the ability to sequence genomes at an unprecedented pace and scale has allowed biologists to settle decades-long debates and tackle other emerging challenges in speciation research.

Effects of Palladium Precursors on the Activity of Palladium Nanocatalysts for the Oxidation of Volatile Organic Components.

To screen a suitable precursor, the effects of palladium salts on performance of Pd nanocatalysts for the oxidation of volatile organic components (VOCs) were investigated. A series of catalysts was prepared by impregnating Pd(NO), PdCl and Pd(NH)Cl on alumina-coated cordierites. These catalysts were characterized by XRF, ICP-OES, XRD, N adsorption-desorption, TEM, EDS, Raman spectroscopy, pulse-CO chemisorption, H-TPR, NH-TPD, and XPS.