Ganoderma lucidum spore oil alleviates psychological stress-evoked tumor progression by enhancing FcγR-mediated macrophage phagocytosis.

Background: Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum), has been documented as a medicinal herb in classical texts and officially recognized in both Eastern and Western pharmacopeias. G.

[Determination of three metabolites of thromboxane A and 8-iso-prostaglandin F in urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

Thromboxane A (TXA), a prothrombotic factor that induces platelet aggregation and thrombosis, acts as a vasoconstrictor by activating TXA receptors (TP receptors). TXA is extremely unstable and metabolizes into three major metabolites: 2,3-dinor thromboxane B (2,3-dinor-TXB), 11-dehydro TXB(11-dh-TXB), and 11-dehydro-2,3-dinor TXB(11-dh-2,3-dinor-TXB). 8-Iso-prostaglandin F(8-iso-PGF), a prostaglandin-like compound widely considered the best biomarker of oxidative stress, can also activate TP receptors.

Regulation of enzymatic lipid peroxidation in osteoblasts protects against postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in postmenopausal osteoporosis, yet its impact on osteoblasts remains underexplored, limiting therapeutic advances. Our study identifies phospholipid peroxidation in osteoblasts as a key feature of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Estrogen regulates the transcription of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), an enzyme crucial for reducing phospholipid peroxides in osteoblasts.

Regulation of hepatocyte phospholipid peroxidation signaling by a Chinese patent medicine against psychological stress-induced liver injury.

Background: Psychological stress is associated with various diseases including liver dysfunction, yet effective intervention strategies remain lacking due to the unrevealed pathogenesis mechanism.

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relevance between BMAL1-controlled circadian rhythms and lipoxygenase 15 (ALOX15)-mediated phospholipids peroxidation in psychological stress-induced liver injury, and to investigate whether hepatocyte phospholipid peroxidation signaling is involved in the hepatoprotective effects of a Chinese patent medicine, Pien Tze Huang (PZH).

Methods: Restraint stress models were established to investigate the underlying molecular mechanisms of psychological stress-induced liver injury and the hepatoprotective effects of PZH.

Mitigating phospholipid peroxidation of macrophages in stress-induced tumor microenvironment by natural ALOX15/PEBP1 complex inhibitors.

Background: The intricate interactions between chronic psychological stress and susceptibility to breast cancer have been recognized, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Danzhi Xiaoyao Powder (DZXY), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has found clinical utility in the treatment of breast cancer. Macrophages, as the predominant immune cell population within the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a pivotal role in orchestrating tumor immunosurveillance.

Current Progress and Outlook for Agrimonolide: A Promising Bioactive Compound from Ledeb.

Agrimonolide (AM), which is a derivative of isocoumarins, is found mainly in the herb Ledeb. This compound is highly lipophilic and readily crosses the blood-brain barrier. In recent years, interest has grown in the use of AM as a multitarget natural treatment for various diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, hepatic injury, myocardial damage, and diabetes mellitus.

Midbrain dopamine oxidation links ubiquitination of glutathione peroxidase 4 to ferroptosis of dopaminergic neurons.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in association with aggregation of α-synuclein. Oxidative damage has been widely implicated in this disease, though the mechanisms involved remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that preferential accumulation of peroxidized phospholipids and loss of the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were responsible for vulnerability of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and progressive motor dysfunctions in a mouse model of PD.

Inhibition of human sulfotransferases (SULTs) by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and structure-activity relationship.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a family of highly fluorinated aliphatic substances widely used in industrial and commercial applications. This study aims to determine the inhibition of PFASs towards sulfotransferases (SULTs) activity, and trying to explain the toxicity mechanism of PFASs. In vitro recombinant SULTs-catalyzed sulfation of p-nitrophenol (PNP) was utilized as a probe reaction.

Population pharmacokinetics and dosing regimen optimization of levetiracetam in epilepsy during pregnancy.

Aims: The pharmacokinetics of levetiracetam (LEV) significantly changed during pregnancy. It is a great challenge to predict the adjusted doses of LEV to reach the preconception target concentrations. This study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic model of LEV in women with epilepsy (WWE) during pregnancy to analyse the factors of pharmacokinetic variability and to develop a model-based individualized dosing regimen.

Phospholipid peroxidation-driven modification of chondrogenic transcription factor mediates alkoxyl radicals-induced impairment of embryonic bone development.

Maternal stress has been associated with poor birth outcomes, including preterm birth, infant mortality, and low birth weight. Bone development disorders in the embryo as a result of maternal stress are believed to be mediated through oxidative stress damage. Various species of free radicals, such as alkoxyl radicals, can be formed through endogenous redox response or exogenous stimuli in the womb and transmitted to embryos.

Phospholipid peroxidation inhibits autophagy via stimulating the delipidation of oxidized LC3-PE.

Phospholipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids at the bis-allylic position drives ferroptosis. Here we identify a novel role for phospholipid peroxidation in the inhibition of autophagy. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we report that phospholipid peroxidation induced by glutathione peroxidase-4 inhibition and arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase overexpression leads to overload of peroxidized phospholipids and culminate in inhibition of autophagy.

Inhibition of Escherichia coli nitroreductase by the constituents in Syzygium aromaticum.

Gut bacterial nitroreductases play an important role in reduction of various nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding N-nitroso compounds, hydroxylamines or aromatic amines, most of which are carcinogenic and mutagenic agents. Inhibition of gut nitroreductases has been recognized as an attractive approach for reducing mutagen metabolites in the colon, so as to prevent colon diseases. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 55 herbal medicines against Escherichia coli(E.

The Association Between Leucine and Diabetic Retinopathy in Different Genders: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Objective: To explore the association between serum leucine (leu) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and then to analyze the influence of gender on the association.

Method: The electronic medical records of 1,149 T2D patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were retrieved from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University. Serum leu levels of all subjects were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Plasma Amino Acids and Residual Hypertriglyceridemia in Diabetic Patients Under Statins: Two Independent Cross-Sectional Hospital-Based Cohorts.

The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship of amino acid metabolism with hypertriglyceridemia in diabetic patients under statins free of prior cardiovascular diseases. Two independent cross-sectional hospital based cohorts, i.e.

Estrogen profile- and pharmacogenetics-based lamotrigine dosing regimen optimization: Recommendations for pregnant women with epilepsy.

During pregnancy, various physiological changes occur that can alter the pharmacokinetics of antiepileptic drugs, such as lamotrigine (LTG). Anticipating the change in LTG dose required to achieve a pre-pregnancy target concentration is challenging. This study aimed to develop a refined population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model of LTG in pregnant women with epilepsy (WWE) to identify factors explaining the variability in pharmacokinetics and to establish a model-informed individualized dosing regimen.

Beta-Glucuronidase Inhibition by Constituents of Mulberry Bark.

Intestinal bacterial -glucuronidases, the key enzymes responsible for the hydrolysis of various glucuronides into free aglycone, have been recognized as key targets for treating various intestinal diseases. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of the Mulberry bark constituents on -glucuronidase (GUS), the most abundant -glucuronidases produced by intestinal bacteria. The results showed that the flavonoids isolated from Mulberry bark could strongly inhibit -glucuronidase, with IC values ranging from 1.

Decreased plasma n6 : n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio interacting with high C-peptide promotes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes patients.

Aims/introduction: To explore relationships between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and whether insulin action has an interactive effect with PUFA on NAFLD progression.

Materials And Methods: We extracted clinical and omics data of 482 type 2 diabetes patients from a tertiary hospital consecutively from April 2018 to April 2019. NAFLD was estimated by ultrasound at admission.

Pancreatic lipase inhibitory constituents from Fructus Psoraleae.

Pancreatic lipase (PL), a crucial enzyme in the digestive system of mammals, has been proven as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize the PL inhibition activities of the major constituents from Fructus Psoraleae (FP), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs with lipid-lowering activity. To this end, a total of eleven major constituents isolated from Fructus Psoraleae have been obtained and their inhibition potentials against PL have been assayed by a fluorescence-based assay.

The Association Between Acylcarnitine Metabolites and Cardiovascular Disease in Chinese Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The association between acylcarnitine metabolites and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate associations between acylcarnitines and CVD in Chinese patients with T2DM. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2015 to August 2016.

Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by environmental xenoestrogens.

Environmental xenoestrogens are the most accessible endocrine disrupting chemicals that have been reported with harmful effects on human health. Although the influences of xenoestrogens on the endocrine system have been extensively studied, it remains unclear whether these xenoestrogens can affect the digestive system in mammals. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and the underlying mechanism of six non-steroidal synthetic estrogens (including hexestrol, diethylstilbestrol, dienestrol, bisphenol A, bisphenol AF and bisphenol Z) on pancreatic lipase (PL), a key digestive enzyme responsible for lipid digestion and absorption in mammals.

Inhibition of pancreatic lipase by the constituents in St. John's Wort: In vitro and in silico investigations.

Herbal medicines are frequently used for the prevention and treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders. Our preliminary screening showed that St. John's Wort (SJW) displayed potent inhibition on pancreatic lipase (PL), a key hydrolase responsible for lipid digestion and absorption in mammals.

Trimethylamine N-Oxide Metabolites in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Nested Case-Control Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the associations between trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and related metabolites in early pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Design: A prospective cohort of 22,302 pregnant women from 2010 to 2012 in Tianjin, China, was used to perform a nested case-control study. A total of 243 women with GDM and 243 women without GDM matched by maternal age (±1 year) were used as cases and controls, respectively.