Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral insulin (ORMD-0801) in healthy subjects: A phase I study using hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp.

Aims: To characterise the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of an oral insulin formulation (ORMD-0801) in healthy subjects.

Materials And Methods: In this phase I hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp study with open-label, randomised, crossover design, 20 healthy Chinese male subjects were randomised to receive either oral ORMD-0801 (8 or 16 mg), followed by subcutaneous (SC) insulin (5 IU, Tianmailin®) or vice versa. PK and PD parameters were evaluated by assessing changes in plasma insulin levels and glucose infusion rate (GIR) during an 11-h clamp procedure.

Van der Waals β-GaO thin films on polycrystalline diamond substrates.

The self-heating effect in wide bandgap semiconductor devices makes epitaxial GaO on diamond substrates crucial for thermal management. However, the lack of wafer-scale single-crystal diamond and severe lattice mismatch limit its industrial application. This study presents van der Waals β-GaO (VdW-β-GaO) grown on high-thermal-conductivity polycrystalline diamond.

Human iPSCs-derived mesenchymal stem cells promote skin regeneration and burn wound healing.

The key to surviving severe burns is rapid burn wound excision and closure, yet extensive wounds often surpass natural healing capacity. Alternative treatments, such as synthetic skin substitutes, have not emerged as a standard, optimal solution. Stem cell therapies, especially using allogenic sources, show promise in enhancing wound repair.

Plasma SIRT7 as a novel biomarker for coronary artery disease and rehospitalization risk in hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

The exact role of SIRT7 in hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains elusive. This study aimed to explore plasma SIRT7 levels and their clinical significance in this population. From July 2022 to June 2024, 222 hypertensive patients (106 with isolated hypertension and 116 with hypertension plus CAD) were enrolled.

Trans-2-pentenal suppresses potato common scab via dual inhibition of thiamine and energy metabolism in Streptomyces scabies.

Background: Potato common scab, a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Streptomyces scabies and other pathogenic Streptomyces species. Resistant cultivar Longshu 27 and susceptible Longshu 20 were used. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with direct antibacterial activity in potato tubers were identified and screened through HS-SPME-GC-MS and in vitro antibacterial assays.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the Gene Families in .

The gene family is a widely distributed and highly conserved transcription factor (TF) family in plants, with its members playing key roles in plant growth and development, stress response, and metabolism. Although TFs have been extensively studied in many plant species, research on the gene family in Thunb. remains limited.

Joint association of sleep quality and physical activity with hypertension: a cross-sectional population study in agricultural workers.

Objective: The study explores the prevalence of hypertension and evaluates the joint association of sleep quality and physical activity (PA) levels in influencing hypertension among the Kazakh agricultural workers in Xinjiang.

Methods: In this chronic disease study conducted in Xinjiang, participants were selected from Habahe County, a predominantly Kazakh region, between October and November 2023. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations between sleep quality, PA levels, and the prevalence of hypertension.

Glymphatic activity in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia: Link with vascular function and astrocytic activation.

Introduction: Glymphatic activity, vascular function, and astrocytic activation play pivotal roles in the pathophysiology of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, their interrelationships and combined impact on clinical features remain unclear.

Methods: Glymphatic activity was measured by diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in patients with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD, n = 61) and normal controls (NC, n = 61).

METTL5 deficiency induces oligoasthenoteratozoospermia via impaired 18S rRNA mA methylation in humans and mice.

Recent studies have highlighted RNA modifications as integral regulators of gene expression during spermatogenesis. Ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) are the most abundant RNA in cells, while the function and clinical relevance of rRNA modifications in spermatogenesis remain poorly understood. Here, we identified 4 pathogenic heterozygous variants of METTL5 in 1,427 patients with male infertility characterized as oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT).

Interaction of metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation on central degeneration and cognitive function in behavioral variant Frontotemporal dementia.

Background: Metabolic and inflammation dysregulation are important mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases, but their study in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) is very scarce; we aimed to investigate the separate and interactive effects of metabolic and inflammatory dysregulation on central degeneration and cognitive function in patients with bvFTD.

Methods: This study recruited participants with bvFTD and healthy controls (HC) from December 15, 2017, to September 5, 2024, in the Department of Neurology of Xuanwu Hospital, underwent assessment of plasma targeted metabolite, plasma inflammatory factors, 18F-fludeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, and neuropsychological assessments. Linear regression models and interaction models were implemented using age, sex and education level as covariates to explore the association between differential metabolites and peripheral inflammatory markers with neuroimaging, and clinical measures.

REDNet: Reliable Evidential Discounting Network for Multi-Modality Medical Image Segmentation.

In the field of computer-aided diagnosis, particularly for tumor diseases, segmentation is a prerequisite and primary step. Multi-modality images become essential for achieving accurate segmentation, which offer critical insights beyond the limitations of single-modality data. However, different modalities and images may suffer from different types of data imperfection, such as intensity non-uniformity, motion artifact, and low quality due to hardware limitations, which challenge image segmentation algorithms.

Modulating gut microbiota with SCFAs and high-fiber diets to mitigate PM-induced hypertension in mice.

Exposure to PM is recognized to significantly impact the development of cardiovascular diseases, particularly hypertension, which has been recently attributed to an abnormal microenvironment characterized by disordered gut microbiota. Despite this recognition, the impacts of modulating gut microbiota with short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and high-fiber diets (HF) on mitigating PM-induced hypertension remain unclear. Our study demonstrates that mice supplemented with SCFAs or a HF exhibit reduced blood pressure, improved vascular remodeling, and alleviated gastrointestinal tract damages compared to those exposed to PM alone.

The Reduction of COMP Serves as a Predictor for Warning of Aortic Dissection Progression.

Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD) is a life-threatening cardiovascular disease that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The prevailing challenge in TAD monitoring and diagnosis is the lack of novel biomarkers. A significant and sustained reduction in plasma cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels was observed through a case control analysis conducted in 362 TAD patients and 136 controls.

Externally validated population pharmacokinetics of amikacin and evaluation of dosage regimen based on achieved serum concentrations in neonates.

Combination antibiotics consisting of beta-lactam and aminoglycoside are commonly utilized in the treatment of neonatal septicaemia. The aims of this study were to (i) develop an externally validated population pharmacokinetic (PK) model, (ii) evaluate the attainment of target peak and trough serum concentrations by the current hospital amikacin dosing protocol and side effects, and (iii) compare intravenous (IV) versus intramuscular (IM) route of amikacin administration, in terms of attaining peak and trough serum concentration targets. Retrospective chart review was carried out over a 5-year period.

Foliar Application of Nanoselenium: A Novel Strategy to Enhance Tuber Quality, Yield, and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Potato.

Excessive nitrogen application reduces nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and exacerbates environmental risks. Nanoselenium (nano-Se) has been shown to enhance plant nitrogen uptake efficiency. This study investigated nano-Se influences potato ( L.

A case-control study of the interaction of the eNOS gene polymorphisms rs1799983 and rs1800780 with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) risk factors.

Background: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene polymorphisms may affect its enzymatic activity and nitric oxide (NO) production, which in turn interfere with endothelial function, regulate vascular tone, and participate in inflammatory responses. This ultimately affects the risk and prognosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The aim of this study is to explore the association of eNOS gene polymorphisms with ACS risk factors.

Predictors for quantitative flow ratio loss in patients with de novo coronary artery disease treated with drug-coated balloons.

Drug-Coated Balloons (DCB) have been widely used in interventional treatment for coronary artery de novo lesions. However, DCB treatment still have a certain proportion of target vessel restenosis (TLR) and adverse follow-up events. Quantitative flow ratio (QFR) loss are important indicators for evaluating long-term vascular functional changes.

Analyzing latent categories of stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students: insights into their psychological resilience.

Objective: To explore the potential effects of demographic variables and three factors of psychological resilience, tenacity, strength, and optimism on the stress, anxiety, and depression of medical students, and to provide data support for the refinement of mental health interventions.

Method: A total of 1,099 junior medical students were selected from a certain medical college and surveyed using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21 Chinese version) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale(CD-RISC Chinese version), as well as a self-designed demographic questionnaire. Data processing was conducted using latent category analysis, contingency table analysis, logistic regression, and other methods.

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the regulation of aging and aging-related diseases.

Aging is an irreversible physiological process that progresses with age, leading to structural disorders and dysfunctions of organs, thereby increasing the risk of chronic diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer. Both organismal and cellular aging are accompanied by the accumulation of damaged organelles and macromolecules, which not only disrupt the metabolic homeostasis of the organism but also trigger the immune response required for physiological repair. Therefore, metabolic remodeling or chronic inflammation induced by damaged tissues, cells, or biomolecules is considered a critical biological factor in the organismal aging process.

Monetary policy effect on income and wealth inequality mechanism.

Since the 1990s, global income and wealth inequality has increased significantly, especially in developing countries, where the imbalance in wealth distribution has become increasingly prominent. This study seeks to thoroughly investigate the effects of expansionary monetary policy on income and wealth inequality, using China as a case study and employing extensive household survey microdata for empirical analysis. The findings indicate that expansionary monetary policy has significantly enhanced overall income and wealth levels.

Asparaginyl Ligases with Engineered Substrate Specificity for Controlled, Sequential Transpeptidation Reactions.

Transpeptidases are valuable enzymes for peptide and protein engineering due to their ease of use and highly defined substrate specificities. Asparaginyl ligases are a class of highly efficient transpeptidases. Engineered asparaginyl ligases with orthogonal substrate specificities would provide access to new types of sequential transpeptidation regimes, but no such engineered variants have been reported thus far.

A bio-instructive, bioactive polymerizable wound matrix promotes scar-free burn wound repair.

Early initiation of wound regeneration and healing is the primary determinant of survival for burn patients. While superficial burns do not require secondary interventions and undergo spontaneous healing, full-thickness burns exceed the intrinsic capacity of body to induce skin regeneration. Herein, we developed a wound matrix system, referred to as PEGScarX that provides critical bioactive and bio-instructive cues to modulate cell fate decisions for burn wound healing.

Chinese economic development difference factors empirical study.

This article provides a detailed analysis and empirical support for the fiscal decentralization system, exploring its mechanisms in regulating the imbalance and insufficiency of regional economic development in China. The research found that fiscal decentralization, as a social governance tool, has a significant positive effect on narrowing the economic development gap between cities and addressing developmental disparities, particularly in the southern and vast inland regions of China. This effect provides important impetus for regional economic balance and comprehensive development.

Photobiomodulation promotes osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and increases P-Akt levels in vitro.

Bone defects are common orthopedic conditions, and due to the limited regenerative capacity of bone tissue, their repair remains a challenge in orthopedic surgery. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have demonstrated strong potential for osteogenic differentiation; however, their efficiency in vivo remains restricted, particularly in terms of differentiation and migration. Photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive therapeutic technique, has shown great promise in promoting stem cell differentiation.