Clinical features and surgical treatment of mediastinal masses in children: a retrospective study of 51 cases.

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, imaging manifestations, pathological types, and surgical strategies of mediastinal masses in children with this condition, aiming to enhance early diagnosis and perioperative management.

Methods: Clinical data of children diagnosed with mediastinal masses and treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University between January 2019 and August 2024 were retrospectively reviewed. Key variables analyzed included demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, surgical procedures, intraoperative management, pathological results, and follow-up outcomes.

Integrative Analysis of Omics Reveals RdDM Pathway Participation in the Initiation of Rice Microspore Embryogenesis Under Cold Treatment.

Abiotic stress can reprogram the gametophytic pathway; the mechanisms by which floral bud pre-treatment influences microspore embryogenesis initiation remain unclear. In this study, we use bisulfite sequencing, sRNA-seq, and RNA-seq to analyze the dynamic changes in rice microspores under different cold treatment durations. Our results showed that a 10-day cold treatment is essential for CXJ microspore embryogenesis initiation.

Obstructive sleep apnea-associated hypertensive disorders in pregnancy: a literature review and clinical management strategies.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has long been recognized as a significant risk factor for hypertension, and in recent years, its association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) has gained increasing attention, especially in the unique population of pregnant women. However, this relationship remains underappreciated in clinical practice. While early studies have suggested a link between OSA and adverse pregnancy outcomes, the mechanisms connecting OSA to HDP are not fully understood.

Adaptive sliding mode controller based on improved Sparrow search algorithm for tracking control of human lower limb exoskeleton.

This study presents an Adaptive Sliding Mode Controller enhanced by an Improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (ISSA-SMC) for accurate motion tracking of lower-limb assistive exoskeletons. By incorporating human joint torque inputs into the exoskeleton's dynamic model, ISSA-SMC achieves real-time adaptation to user variability, external disturbances, and modeling uncertainties. A softmax strategy combined with the branch and bound method efficiently optimizes controller parameters, enhancing tracking accuracy and robustness with low computational cost.

Thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in infants: a dual-suture approach using barbed and non-absorbable sutures.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and clinical efficacy of a dual suture technique combining barbed suture and non-absorbable needle suture in thoracoscopic repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) in children.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 48 pediatric patients who underwent thoracoscopic CDH repair at our institution between March 2012 and August 2024. Based on the suturing method used, patients were divided into an observation group (barbed suture combined with non-absorbable needle suture,  = 21) and a control group (non-absorbable needle suture alone,  = 27).

The clinical value of autologous platelet-rich plasma extraction and injection as an adjunct to urethroplasty in the treatment of penile hypospadias in children.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an adjunctive treatment for penile hypospadias repair in children, and to explore its independent role in reducing postoperative complications.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 103 pediatric patients undergoing penile hypospadias repair between December 2019 and December 2021 at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University. All patients received standard penile straightening and tubularized incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty.

The global burden of polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer from 1990 to 2021.

Background: Globally, common gynecological disorders such as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, uterine fibroids (non-malignant gynecological diseases), as well as cervical cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer (gynecological cancers), profoundly impact women's physical and mental health. The burden of these diseases exhibits significant geographical disparities across different countries and regions, making a comprehensive and precise assessment of the global burden of gynecological diseases particularly crucial. Such an assessment will facilitate the development of region-specific prevention and treatment strategies, contributing to a more effective response to these health challenges.

A Novel Lightweight Mechanical Metamaterial with a Tunable Thermal Expansion Coefficient.

In natural materials, thermal expansion is typically positive, and negative thermal expansion is rarely observed. The tunable thermal expansion properties of mechanical metamaterials offer a promising solution to challenges caused by rapid temperature fluctuations. Therefore, this study proposes a dual-material double-trapezoidal hexagonal mechanical metamaterial (DTH), and derives the thermoelastic equations that build the relationship between temperature, external force, and displacement.

Case Report: Single-port thoracoscopic surgery for severe primary palmar hyperhidrosis in a 9-year-old child.

Primary palmar hyperhidrosis (PPH) is a somatic condition characterized by excessive sweating of the hands. It mainly affects adolescents and young adults and is rarely observed among children. This condition significantly impairs patients' academic performance, daily activities, and social interactions and can even lead to insurmountable psychological burdens.

Transabdominal approach laparoscopic ureteral reimplantation at the top of the bladder for the treatment of primary obstructive megaureter.

Background: Congenital primary obstructive megaureter (POM) is characterized by distal ureteral obstruction, leading to ureteral dilation, hydronephrosis, and potential renal impairment. Surgical intervention is necessary for severe hydronephrosis (SFU grade III-IV) or progressive renal decline. Open ureteral reimplantation is the standard treatment but is associated with significant surgical trauma and prolonged recovery.

Polarization-multiplexing metafiber for dual-mode bright-field and dark-field microscopy.

Bright-field and dark-field microscopy are typically used together as complementary techniques to provide comprehensive information about biological specimens with different optical absorption properties. However, switching between these two modes usually involves replacing several bulk optical components, which inevitably increases system complexity, introduces alignment challenges, and results in longer switching times. Herein, we propose a new, to the best of our knowledge, polarization-multiplexing metafiber device for dual-mode bright-field and dark-field microscopy.

Genome-Wide Identification of the () Gene Family in Barley Reveals the Potential Role of in Salt Tolerance.

The () belongs to a plant-specific transcription factor gene family that plays crucial roles in plant growth and development. Barley ranks as the fourth global cereal crop and is recognized as a model crop for the study of cereal genetics. However, genome-wide characterization, functional validation, and stress-related studies of the gene family in barley remain limited, hindering efforts to leverage their potential for improving salt tolerance and regeneration efficiency in breeding programs.

Behavioral Abnormalities, Cognitive Impairments, Synaptic Deficits, and Gene Replacement Therapy in a CRISPR Engineered Rat Model of 5p15.2 Deletion Associated With Cri du Chat Syndrome.

The Cri du Chat Syndrome (CdCS), a devastating genetic disorder caused by a deletion on chromosome 5p, faces challenges in finding effective treatments and accurate animal models. Using CRISPR-Cas9, a novel CdCS rat model with a 2q22 deletion is developed, mirroring a common genetic alteration in CdCS patients. This model exhibits pronounced deficits in social behavior, cognition, and anxiety, accompanied by neuronal abnormalities and immune dysregulation in key brain regions such as the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

Growth of Atomically Thin Metastable β-Tungsten in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Stable One-Dimensional Ferromagnets.

Thin-film β tungsten (β-W), a metastable phase of tungsten, holds significant potential in the fabrication of superconducting and spin-memory devices. However, due to the rapid surface passivation of tungsten in oxygen and moisture, the synthesis of nanosized metastable β-W with the intrinsic atomic surface is still difficult, and their magnetic properties remain rather unexplored. Inspired by the strong host-guest interaction-induced stabilization, we reported the synthesis of atomically thin (1.

Engineering sialylated N-glycans on adeno-associated virus capsids for targeted gene delivery and therapeutic applications.

Glycans with diverse biological functions have been extensively identified on enveloped viruses, whereas glycosylation on adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes remains poorly understood. Identifying potential glycosylation sites on AAVs could provide critical docking sites for rational engineering of AAV capsids, enabling targeted delivery of therapeutic genes. This study presents a strategy that integrates azido-monosaccharide metabolic incorporation, 1,2-diamino-4,5-methylenedioxybenzene-labeled sialic acid analysis, and mass spectrometry to identify N-glycosylation sites and glycoforms on AAVs.

Epitranscriptome profiles reveal participation of the RNA methyltransferase gene OsMTA1 in rice seed germination and salt stress response.

Background: RNA m6A methylation installed by RNA methyltransferases plays a crucial role in regulating plant growth and development and environmental stress responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of m6A methylation involved in seed germination and stress responses are largely unknown. In the present study, we surveyed global m6A methylation in rice seed germination under salt stress and the control (no stress) using an osmta1 mutant and its wild type.

[Expert consensus on ethical requirements for artificial intelligence (AI) processing medical data].

As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity.

Fe/Mo-Based Lipid Peroxidation Nanoamplifier Combined with Adenosine Immunometabolism Regulation to Augment Anti-Breast Cancer Immunity.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD)-mediated immunization strategies have great potential against breast cancer. However, traditional strategies neglect the increase in the immunosuppressive metabolite, adenosine (ADO), during ICD, leading to insufficient therapeutic outcomes. In this study, it is found that the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) is significantly expressed in breast cancer and positively associated with regulatory T (Treg) cells.

Linear Interplay Between Raman Shift and Laser Irradiation in Photothermal-Strained Monoclinic Vanadium Dioxide.

Vanadium dioxide as a strongly correlated electron material undergoes metal-insulator phase transitions and ferroelastic domain switching which highly couple to local strain distribution. Understanding the mechanisms and achieving the modulations require precise and high-resolution characterization of strain in vanadium dioxide. Micro-Raman spectroscopy is widely used to nondestructively characterize the strain on the surface of materials.

Synthesis and mechanistic investigation of BPA fluorescent probes targeting BPA for potential application in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT).

Boronic acid analogs are crucial in modern organic chemistry and drug development, serving as versatile reagents and intermediates with significant therapeutic applications. This area has gained increased interest with the recent development of the drug 4-boron-L-phenylalanine (L-BPA) for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Fluorescent probe technology offers an essential pathway for imaging drugs in vitro and in vivo, providing high sensitivity with great spatial and temporal resolution for both disease diagnosis and drug development.