Emergence of Two Novel Species ( sp. nov. and sp. nov.) Associated with Destructive Jackfruit Gummosis in Tropical China.

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.), a crucial economic crop in tropical regions, has recently been devastated by a novel gummosis disease in Hainan and Yunnan Provinces of China. This gummosis primarily affects the stems and branches of jackfruit, causing gum exudation, bark cracking, and plant death, which severely threatens the sustainable development of the industry.

Cardiac light chain amyloidosis secondary to Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: A case report and review.

Cardiac light chain amyloidosis (AL) secondary to Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) presents a complex challenge in medical practice due to its rarity and diagnostic difficulty. A 67-year-old male presented with symptoms of heart failure and was diagnosed with cardiac AL amyloidosis secondary to WM. The diagnosis of WM was confirmed through a combination of immunoglobulin (Ig) profile with abnormal IgM levels, bone marrow morphology, immunofixation electrophoresis, serum protein electrophoresis and gene mutation analysis.

Preparation and Characterization of Efficient and Safe Rotenone Solid Nanodispersion by Self-Emulsifying Technique.

Self-emulsifying solid nanodispersion technology is emerging as an attractive strategy to prepare new eco-friendly and efficient nano-formulations due to its simple, energy efficient and easy scale-up process. However, it is still unknown whether this technology can be employed to cope with the drawbacks of botanical insecticides including poor water solubility, rapid photodegradation and limited targeting efficiency. In this study, rotenone (Rot) was selected as a model of botanical insecticides, and its solid nanodispersion (Rot-SND) was prepared by a self-emulsifying method combined with parameter optimization.

Natural Alkaloid Arecoline-Derived Amino Acid Derivatives: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity in an Agricultural Context.

A novel series of arecoline derivatives featuring amino acid moieties and 2-aminopyridine scaffolds was designed, synthesized, and assessed against seven phytopathogens. Compound emerged as the most potent derivative, exhibiting an EC of 10.2 μg/mL against , representing an approximately 50-fold improvement over the parent compound, arecoline.

CAR Binders Affect CAR T-cell Tonic Signaling, Durability, and Sensitivity to Target.

Patients can develop human anti-mouse immune responses against CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells due to the use of a murine CD19-specific single-chain variable fragment to redirect T cells. We screened a yeast display library to identify an array of fully human CD19 single-chain variable fragment binders and performed a series of studies to select the most promising fully human CAR. We observed significant differences in the ability of CARs employing these CD19 binders to be expressed on the cell surface, induce tonic signaling, redirect T-cell function, mediate tumor killing, recognize lower levels of CD19 antigen, and maintain function upon continuous antigen exposure.

PRL2 negatively regulates FcεRI mediated activation of mast cells.

Mast cells play a central role in allergic reactions, acting as key effector cells that initiate and amplify the inflammatory response. In this study, we demonstrate that phosphatase of regenerating liver 2 (PRL2) functions as a negative regulator of FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation. In PRL2-deficient myeloid cells, PRL2 conditional knockout mice developed more severe passive systemic anaphylaxis (PSA).

Integrated assessment of antimicrobial stewardship in carbapenem resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae prevalent hospitals in China: a multidisciplinary surveillance network-based survey.

Background: China has established an extensive multidisciplinary surveillance network encompassing antimicrobial utilisation, antimicrobial resistance, and nosocomial infections. We aimed to identify challenges and barriers in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) development based on this national multidisciplinary surveillance network.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 15 hospitals across China from July 2021 to April 2023.

Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 7-Vinylcoumarin Derivatives as Agrochemicals: Biological Activities and Molecular Docking Insights.

The agricultural bioactivity of 7-alkenylcoumarin derivatives was investigated by synthesizing a series of coumarin derivatives containing 7-styryl fragments by introducing a styryl group at the 7-position of the coumarin scaffold through Pechmann cyclization, substitution, bromination, and Wittig reaction. The insecticidal effects and antifungal activities of these compounds against plant pathogenic fungi were evaluated. Bioactivity assessments revealed that compound 5i exhibited the highest larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti, with a mortality rate of 96% after 24 h of treatment.

[Advances in the development of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channel inhibitors].

Studies on specific transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel inhibitors can deepen our understanding of the pathological mechanism of related diseases, and allow discovery of novel, effective targets and drugs for therapy. The development of TRPM2 channel inhibitors can be broadly classified into four categories with distinct characteristics: reutilization and structural modification of homologous ion channel modulators to produce a diverse array of TRPM2 channel inhibitors with strong inhibitory effects; TRPM2 channel inhibitors based on channel gating mechanism with high specificity; inhibitors identified through high-throughput screening with novel chemical structures; inhibitors developed from natural antioxidants with higher safety. In recent years, the application of computer-aided drug design has significantly accelerated the development of TRPM2 channel inhibitors.

Synthesis and antifungal activity of arecoline derivatives containing amino acid fragments.

A series of new arecoline derivatives containing amino acid fragments were synthesized, and their fungicidal activities were investigated. All synthesized compounds were characterized by H NMR, CNMR, and HRMS. Preliminary bioactivity assays demonstrated that Compounds 3k, 3n, 3p, 3q, 3r, and 3s exhibited significant antifungal activity against Botryosphaeria cactivora, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Fusarium pseudograminearum at a concentration of 100 μg/mL.

CaCO-coated indoxacarb deep eutectic solvent complexed with diatomaceous earth improves insecticidal activity against the red imported fire ants.

The red imported fire ants (RIFAs) are a globally important invasive pest that severely affects the ecosystem and human health, and its current control is primarily through chemical pesticides. However, the extensive use of chemical pesticides causes environmental problems, and alternative strategies for controlling this pest are being explored. In our study, we aimed to design a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-CaCO system in which RIFAs were used as target insects to increase the lethal activity and behavioural regulation effects on RIFAs via contact and feeding.

Chromosome-Level Assembly and Annotation of the Endangered Red-Wing Fish ().

The red-wing fish (), an endangered species native to Yunnan, is endemic to Chenghai Lake. The natural population of this species has suffered a sharp decline due to the invasion of alien fish species. Fortunately, the artificial domestication and reproduction of have been successful and this species has become an economic species locally.

Diquat Induces Cell Death and dopamine Neuron Loss via Reactive Oxygen Species Generation in .

Diquat (DQ), a contact herbicide extensively utilized in both agricultural and nonagricultural domains, exhibits a high correlation with neuronal disorders. Nevertheless, the toxicity and underlying mechanisms associated with exposure to environmental concentrations of DQ remain ambiguous. Here, we report dose-dependent cellular neurotoxicity of DQ in .

Phased chromosome-level genome provides insights into the molecular adaptation for migratory lifestyle and population diversity for Pacific saury, Cololabis saira.

The Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is a pelagic fish commonly found in the North Pacific Ocean. Its population diversity and migratory lifestyle have long captured global attention. Despite the inherent complexity of the C.

Association between miR-30 polymorphism and ischemic stroke in Chinese population.

Background: Ischemic stroke (IS) is a commonly seen cerebrovascular disease which seriously endangers the health of middle age and old people. However, its etiology and pathogenesis have not yet fully comprehended. miR-30 gene is a novel gene which may be involved in IS.

Climate change drives fish communities: Changing multiple facets of fish biodiversity in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

Global marine biodiversity is experiencing significant alterations due to climate change. Incorporating phylogenetic and functional diversity may provide novel insights into these impacts. This study used an ensemble model approach (random forest and boosted regression tree), to predict the habitat distribution of 47 fish species in the Northwestern Pacific under contemporary (2000-2014) and future scenarios (2040-2050, 2090-2100).

[Construction of HEK293T cell line stably expressing TRPM2 channel based on PiggyBac transposition system and its application in drug screening for cerebral ischemia and other diseases].

Objectives: To establish a cell line stably expressing the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channel for screening TRPM2 inhibitors based on PiggyBac transposition system.

Methods: A plasmid PiggyBac-human TRPM2 (pPB-hTRPM2) eukaryotic expression vector was constructed using PiggyBac transposition system. The plasmid and a helper plasmid were co-transfected into HEK293T cells to express TRPM2, which was identified by fluorescence and patch-clamp assays.

(Thunb.) Water Extracts Reduce Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress in the .

(Thunb.) (Kidney tea) is a very distinctive ethnic herbal medicine in China. Its leaves are widely used as a healthy tea.

Oxidative Stress, Oxidative Damage, and Cell Apoptosis: Toxicity Induced by Arecoline in and Screening of Mitigating Agents.

As the areca nut market is expanding, there is a growing concern regarding areca nut toxicity. Areca nut alkaloids are the major risky components in betel nuts, and their toxic effects are not fully understood. Here, we investigated the parental and transgenerational toxicity of varied doses of areca nut alkaloids in .

Casual effects of telomere length on sarcoidosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization analysis.

Background: Telomere length, crucial for genomic stability, have been implicated in various inflamm-aging diseases, but their role in sarcoidosis remains unexplored.

Objective: This study aims to explore the casual effects between TL and sarcoidosis via a bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) study.

Methods: We examined single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with TL and sarcoidosis, utilizing available open-access genome-wide association study (GWAS) databases from the UK Biobank and FinnGen.

Activation of peroxydisulfate by zero valent iron-carbon composites prepared by carbothermal reduction: Enhanced non-radical and radical synergies.

Since its application in environmental remediation, nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) has gained wide attention for its environmental friendliness, strong reducing ability, and wide range of raw materials. However, its high preparation cost and difficulty in preservation remain the bottlenecks for their application. Carbothermal reduction is a promising method for the industrial preparation of nZVI.

Evolutionary trajectory of TRPM2 channel activation by adenosine diphosphate ribose and calcium.

Ion channel activation upon ligand gating triggers a myriad of biological events and, therefore, evolution of ligand gating mechanism is of fundamental importance. TRPM2, a typical ancient ion channel, is activated by adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) and calcium and its activation has evolved from a simple mode in invertebrates to a more complex one in vertebrates, but the evolutionary process is still unknown. Molecular evolutionary analysis of TRPM2s from more than 280 different animal species has revealed that, the C-terminal NUDT9-H domain has evolved from an enzyme to a ligand binding site for activation, while the N-terminal MHR domain maintains a conserved ligand binding site.

Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as a New Nanoscale Resistance Inducer for Fusarium Wilt Control: Size Effects and Mechanism of Action.

In agriculture, soil-borne fungal pathogens, especially strains, are posing a serious threat to efforts to achieve global food security. In the search for safer agrochemicals, silica nanoparticles (SiONPs) have recently been proposed as a new tool to alleviate pathogen damage including Fusarium wilt. Hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs), a unique class of SiONPs, have been widely accepted as desirable carriers for pesticides.

Photoactivated 9-methylacridine destroys midgut tissues of Aedes aegypti larvae by targeting ROS-mediated apoptosis in the mitochondrial pathway of midgut cells.

An aromatic ring-containing compound with a wide range of biological activities, 9-methylacridine (AD-9-Me) is a precursor for the synthesis of various drugs. However, its photoactivation properties and mechanism of damage as a photo activator against Aedes aegypti are unknown. The toxic effects of AD-9-Me on Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were determined under light and non-light conditions.