Thiophene Expanded Self-Assembled Monolayer as Hole Transport Layer for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 20.78.

Carbazole-derived self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) as hole transport layers (HTLs) have achieved groundbreaking progress of device efficiency in perovskite and organic photovoltaics. Expanding the π-conjugation of carbazole is an effective approach to enhance the molecular dipole moment and facilitate charge extraction of SAMs. However, this strategy tends to cause poor solubility and excessive self-aggregation of SAMs.

Revealing electron transport connectivity as an important factor influencing stability of organic solar cells.

In the pursuit of advancing the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs), stability emerges as a paramount challenge. Herein, we show that the electron transport connectivity is a key factor determining the electron transport and device stability of OSCs. When compared to small molecular acceptors (SMAs), the larger-size polymeric acceptors (PAs) are likely to establish an electron transport network with superior connectivity.

Green Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells Approaching 20.4% Efficiency via Active Layer Pre-Solidification.

Green solvent fabrication of efficient organic solar cells (OSCs) is essential for their industrial scale extension and ecological sustainability, but there is typically an obvious efficiency drop during the transition from halogenated to green solvents due to the severe molecular aggregation. Here, an innovative strategy of active layer pre-solidification by liquid nitrogen freezing process is proposed to accelerate molecular precipitation and crystallization, and therefore suppress the excessive phase separation, as demonstrated by PiFM and GISAXs results. Moreover, pre-solidification process allows more solvents to carry acceptor molecules for an orderly upward migration during rapid volatilization, facilitating an ideal longitudinal gradient arrangement of photovoltaic materials that is favorable for charge transport and extraction.

[miR-582-5p regulates DUSP1 to modulate Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in macrophages].

Objective To explore the effect of miR-582-5p on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected macrophages by regulating dual specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1). Methods THP-1 macrophages were divided into six groups: control group, Mtb group, inhibitor-NC group, miR-582-5p inhibitor group, miR-582-5p inhibitor+si-NC group, and miR-582-5p inhibitor+si-DUSP1 group. QRT-PCR was applied to detect the gene expression of miR-582-5p and DUSP1 in cells.

Acceptor Crystallinity Engineering Enables >20% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells with 83.0% Fill Factor.

For spontaneously crystallized organic photovoltaic materials, morphology optimization remains a challenge due to the disparity in crystallinity between the donor and acceptor components. Imperfections in the crystalline phases result in significant trap-assisted recombination, which emerges as a critical factor limiting the fill factor (FF) of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, a method is introduced for precise regulation of the acceptor crystallinity, utilizing a novel upper-layer acceptor processing solvent, trichloroethylene (TCE), to improve the state and vertical morphology of the active layer.

Suppression of Charge Recombination Induced by Solid Additive Assisting Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency over 20.

A volatile solid additive strategy, which can effectively optimize the morphology of the photoactive layer with an ideal domain size and purity, has emerged as a promising approach to improve the photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the precise role of solid additives in modulating charge and exciton dynamics, especially the recombination process, remains not fully understand. In this study, a solid additive, 1,4-diiodo-2,5-dimethoxybenzene (DIDOB), is developed to improve the photovoltaic performance of OSCs and conduct a comprehensive investigation into its effect on the charge recombination process.

Acridine-Substituted-Centronucleus Nonfullerene Acceptors Enables Organic Solar Cells with Over 20% Efficiency with Low Nonradiative Recombination Loss.

In this work, we propose a novel strategy of introducing luminescent acridine units for central nuclear substitution in quinoxaline-based acceptor molecules (named AQx-o-Ac and AQx-m-Ac) to enhance their photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQY), which can effectively improve the electroluminescent quantum efficiency (EQE) of OSCs and thereby suppress ΔE. In addition, the substituted acridine unit accelerates molecular aggregation and optimizes molecular crystallization, effectively alleviating the static disorder of acceptor molecules and facilitating charge extraction and transport in OSCs. As a result, the PM6:AQx-m-Ac binary OSCs achieve an excellent PCE of 18.

Virulence and resistance gene analysis of Rothia nasimurium by whole gene sequencing.

A batch of sheep in a sheep farm in Xinjiang, China, died suddenly; a bacterial strain was isolated from the abdominal fluid of the sick and dead sheep, and identified as Rothia nasimurium by 16S sequencing, and the strain Y1 was subjected to drug sensitivity test with Draft gene sequencing. The results of the drug sensitivity test revealed the strain's resistance to 9 antibiotics, with sensitivity exhibited solely towards amikacin and vancomycin. Phylogenetic tree analysis confirmed that it was related to Rothia nasimurium strain E1706032 and Rothia sp.

Preparation and Application of Hydrophobic and Breathable Carbon Nanocoils/Thermoplastic Polyurethane Flexible Strain Sensors.

The emphasis on physical activity and health monitoring has increased the demand for developing multifunctional, flexible sensors through straightforward methods. A hydrophobic, breathable, and flexible strain sensor was prepared using a filtration method, employing thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as a substrate, carbon nanocoils (CNCs) as conductive fillers, and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as a binder. The sensing layer, prepared using the unique three-dimensional helical structure of carbon nanocoils, achieved a hydrophobic angle of 143° and rapidly changed the color of the pH test paper in 5 s.

High Cell to Module Efficiency Remaining Ratio of ≈90% for the 100 cm Fully Roll-to-Roll Gravure Printed Flexible Organic Solar Cells From Non-Halogenated Solvent.

The cell-to-module (CTM) efficiency remaining ratio from monolithic device to large-area module indicates the scalability potential for large-area organic solar cells (OSCs). Nowadays, the CTM value is still low as the area increases to larger than 100 cm. In this work, the crucial role of solvent in CTM for printing, which on one side influenced the large area homogeneity due to the ink rheology property, and on the other side impacted phase separation dynamics because of vaporization and crystalline rate is highlighted.

ssc-miR-361-3p Suppresses Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Replication and Its In Vivo Expression in Mice.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most economically devastating diseases affecting the global pig industry. Host microRNAs directly target viral gene regions to exert their disease-fighting effects. PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection upregulates miR-361-3p expression; however, it is unclear whether it can exert inhibitory effects by directly targeting viral genes.

Local chemical heterogeneity enabled superior zero thermal expansion in nonstoichiometric pyrochlore magnets.

The design of zero thermal expansion (ZTE) materials is urgently required as dimension-stable components in widespread modern high-precision technologies. Local chemical order has been of great importance in engineering advanced inorganic materials, but its role in optimizing the ZTE is often overlooked. Herein, we propose local composition heterogeneity for developing superior ZTE via a nonstoichiometric strategy.

Advancing High-Performance Organic Solar Cells with Carbazole-Modified 2PACz for Scalable Large-Area Fabrication.

The self-assembling molecule 2PACz tends to aggregate in thin films, which negatively impacts the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) when used as a hole-transporting layer (HTL), particularly in large-area devices. To overcome this, a binary conjugated molecular system incorporating carbazole (Cz), which shares a similar backbone with 2PACz, is introduced. Despite the strong aggregation tendencies of 2PACz and Cz individually, their blend forms homogeneous films due to hydrogen bonding interactions between the two molecules.

Non-fullerene acceptors with high crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield enable >20% efficiency organic solar cells.

The rational design of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) with both high crystallinity and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is of crucial importance for achieving high-efficiency and low-energy-loss organic solar cells (OSCs). However, increasing the crystallinity of an NFA tends to decrease its PLQY, which results in a high non-radiative energy loss in OSCs. Here we demonstrate that the crystallinity and PLQY of NFAs can be fine-tuned by asymmetrically adapting the branching position of alkyl chains on the thiophene unit of the L8-BO acceptor.

Manipulating reflection-type all-dielectric non-local metasurfaces via the parity of a particle number.

The parity of a particle number is a new degree of freedom for manipulating metasurface, while its influence on non-local metasurfaces remains an unresolved and intriguing question. We propose a metasurface consisting of periodically arranged infinite-long cylinders made from multiple layers of SiO and WS. The cylinder exhibits strong backward scattering due to the overlapping magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole resonances.

Bound state in the continuum and polarization-insensitive electric mirror in a low-contrast metasurface.

High-contrast refractive indices are pivotal in dielectric metasurfaces for inducing various exotic phenomena, such as the bound state in the continuum (BIC) and electric mirror (EM). However, the limitations of high-index materials are adverse to practical applications, thus, low-contrast metasurfaces offering comparable performance are highly desired. Here, we present a low-contrast dielectric metasurface composed of radial anisotropic cylinders, which are SiO cylinders doped with a small amount of WS.

Honeysuckle-Derived miR2911 Inhibits Replication of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus by Targeting Viral Gene Regions.

The highly abundant and stable antiviral small RNA derived from honeysuckle, known as miR2911, has been shown to play a key role in inhibiting influenza virus infection and SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, whether miR2911 inhibits the replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) remains unknown. Hence, this study investigated the mechanisms underlying the action of miR2911 during PRRSV infection.

Isomeric Dimer Acceptors for Stable Organic Solar Cells with over 19 % Efficiency.

The strategy of isomerization is known for its simple yet effective role in optimizing molecular configuration and enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the impact of isomerization on the design of dimer acceptors has been rarely investigated, and the relationship between the chemical structure and optoelectronic property remains unclear. In this study, we designed and synthesized two dimer acceptor isomers named D-TPh and D-TN, which differ in the positional arrangement of their end capping groups.

Regulating Electron-Phonon Coupling by Solid Additive for Efficient Organic Solar Cells.

Strong electron-phonon coupling can hinder exciton transport and induce undesirable non-radiative recombination, resulting in a shortened exciton diffusion distance and constrained exciton dissociation in organic solar cells (OSCs). Therefore, suppressing electron-phonon coupling is crucially important for achieveing high-performance OSCs. Here, we employ the solid additive to regulating electron-phonon coupling in OSCs.

How environment and technology affect the regional manufacturing industry development.

To help the manufacturing industry achieve high-quality development, it is urgent to identify the factors that affect the development of regional manufacturing. Compared to previous regression models, this article attempts to discover the nonlinear effects of different factors on regional manufacturing industry development (RMID) and their future impact trends. Based on the theory of new structural economics, we used order parameter analysis to examine the impact of environmental pollution and technology on RMID.

Which works better? Comparing the multiple effects of heterogeneous environmental regulations on urban green economic transformation in China.

The coordination of heterogeneous environmental regulations (HER) is crucial for promoting regional green synergistic development. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of various heterogeneous environmental regulations (HER) on the green economic transformation (GET) of cities in China. We developed a comprehensive index system to measure the GET across three dimensions: the level of economic green development, the capacity for resource and environmental support, and the level of support for green transformation.