Design and synthesis of lactam analogs of andrographolide and discovery of their anticancer activity as dual EGFR and VEGFR2 inhibitors.

The diterpene andrographolide, a nature-derived product, exerts a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, antiviral, immunostimulatory, and anticancer activities, due to its ability to target multiple pathways. In this study, some andrographolide derivatives of an enlarged decalin structure with a seven-membered ring or an isoxazole-fused decalin structure were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their activity against cancer cell growth and angiogenesis. Among them, compound AGW-11 (designated as compound 8) showed potent and broad-spectrum anticancer activity and anti-angiogenic activity in vitro.

Aspect-based sentiment analysis based on multi-granularity graph convolutional network.

Aspect sentiment classification (ASC) is a subtask of Aspect-based sentiment analysis (ABSA), and its goal is to predict the sentiment polarity corresponding to specific aspect word within a sentence. Existing ABSA methods have achieved impressive predictive performance by not only leveraging attention mechanism to capture semantic association information within sentences, but also employing graph convolutional network (GCN) to exploit the syntactic structure information of dependency and constituency trees. However, these methods still have two main shortcomings: (1) they overlook the utilization of local sentiment features in the constituency tree, focusing only on global sentiment features; and (2) they fail to comprehensively utilize the syntactic information from both dependency and constituency trees.

In vitro inhibitory effects of polyphenols from Fagopyrum tataricum (L.)Gaertn. on starch-digesting enzymes: Action mechanism, isothermal titration calorimetry, and molecular docking analysis.

Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn. is rich in ferulic acid (FA), quercetin (QR) have ideal structural properties that control the digestion of starch.

Binding mechanism of Lentinus edodes ergosterol with HP-β-CD: Insights from in silico simulations.

To enhance the solubility and stability of Lentinus edodes ergosterol, this study was designed to investigate the potential of 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to form a stable inclusion complex (IC) with ergosterol. Using signal factor and Box-Behnken design, the maximum encapsulation efficiency of 86.4 ± 0.

Splenic comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the immunological mode of undomesticated Gayal (Bos frontalis) for adapting to harsh environments.

Background: The utilization of transcriptome technology in the identification of pivotal regulatory genes associated with immunity is of paramount importance. Previous studies have shown that undomesticated gayal (Bos frontalis) may have higher humoral responses which is comparable to yaks. However, research on immune function of gayal is limited, and comparisons with different breeds are rarely reported.

Ruminal microbiome-host metabolome crosstalk in the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in buffalo milk.

Interactions between rumen microorganisms and their metabolites contribute to milk yield and milk fat content in dairy cows. However, whether rumen microbes and host metabolism affect fatty acid synthesis in milk is unknown. In this study, we investigated the potential regulatory mechanisms affecting the UFA content of Binglangjiang buffalo by using macrogenomics and metabolomics.

Gel Properties and Interaction Mechanism of Heat-Induced Lentinan-Chicken Myofibrillar Protein.

The enhancement of gel properties in chicken myofibrillar proteins (MPs) is a crucial objective in meat processing. In this experiment, we systematically investigated the effects of lentinan (LNT) on MP gel formation ability and three-dimensional network structure features through multi-scale structural characterization and molecular interactions analysis and elucidated the molecular pathways of their molecular actions in regulating gel properties. The addition of LNT (0-2%, /) significantly enhanced the water-holding capacity (WHC), textural, and rheological properties of LNT-MPs.

Chitosan/collagen films loaded with Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide-epigallocatechin gallate conjugates with excellent antioxidant and antibacterial activities for pork preservation.

The purpose of this study was to develop a multifunctional active food packaging composite films to solve the environmental and health problems of traditional petroleum-based plastic packaging and for food preservation. The chitosan (CS) based-functional films were prepared by blending collagen (Clg), Pleurotus ostreatus polysaccharide-Epigallocatechin gallate conjugates (POP-EGCG) and ε-Polylysine (ε-PL, PL). The mechanical, physical and chemical properties, antioxidant, antibacterial activity and application in pork preservation were studied.

Effects of Mongolian Bergenia crassifolia L. (root) extract on rumen methane emission and microbial community.

Objective: The study aims to research the effects of Mongolian plants on reducing methane emissions, fermentation parameters, and microbial communities in grazing systems.

Methods: Initially, various Mongolian plants were screened to assess their ability to reduce methane production in an in vitro experiment. The most effective plant was selected for extracting active components, and their concentrations were determined.

Detoxification of coumarins by rumen anaerobic fungi: insights into microbial degradation pathways and agricultural applications.

Background: Coumarins are toxic phytochemicals found in a variety of plants and are known to limit microbial degradation and interfere with nutrient cycling. While the degradation of coumarins by fungi has been studied in an environmental context, little is known about their degradation in the gastrointestinal system of herbivores after ingestion.

Results: In this study, we investigated in vitro fermentation by microbial enrichment, transcriptome sequencing, and high-resolution mass spectrometry to evaluate the ability of rumen anaerobic fungi to degrade coumarins.

Effects of Phytosterol Licking Blocks on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters and Rumen Fermentation in Tibetan Sheep.

Phytosterols are plant-derived natural compounds which resemble in structure with cholesterol. It has been demonstrated that phytosterols significantly affect growth regulation and antioxidant capacity in poultry and pigs; however, their role in ruminants remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of phytosterol lick blocks on growth performance, serum biochemical and rumen fermentation parameters in Tibetan sheep.

International Symposium on Ruminant Physiology: Rumen fungi, archaea, and their interactions.

Anaerobic gut fungi (AGF) were the last phylum to be identified within the rumen microbiome and account for 7% to 9% of microbial biomass. They produce potent lignocellulases that degrade recalcitrant plant cell walls, and rhizoids that can penetrate the cuticle of plant cells, exposing internal components to other microbiota. Interspecies H transfer between AGF and rumen methanogenic archaea is an essential metabolic process in the rumen that occurs during the reduction of CO to CH by methanogens.

Multi-omics reveals the mechanism of Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides to relieve cyclophosphamide-induced immune injury in liver of mice.

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides (SLPs) on hepatic immune function in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunocompromised mice. Our findings demonstrated that SLPs effectively suppressed the production of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), inflammatory factors, and acute phase proteins, while improving the hepatic oxidative stress state. Additionally, SLPs exerted inhibitory effects on inflammatory cell infiltration within hepatic tissue.

Glycyrrhizic acid-based multifunctional nanoplatform for tumor microenvironment regulation.

Natural compounds demonstrate unique therapeutic advantages for cancer treatment, primarily through direct tumor suppression or interference with the tumor microenvironment (TME). Glycyrrhizic acid (GL), a bioactive ingredient derived from the medicinal herb Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch., and its sapogenin glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), have been recognized for their ability to inhibit angiogenesis and remodel the TME.

Flammulina velutipes protein-Flammulina velutipes soluble polysaccharide-tea polyphenols particles stabilized Pickering emulsions for the delivery of β-carotene.

The delivery vehicles based on protein-polysaccharide-polyphenol are promising methods to encapsulate bioactive components with the aim of improving their solubility and bioavailability. In this study, we used Flammulina velutipes protein (FVP) and Flammulina velutipes soluble polysaccharides (FVSP) as raw materials and prepared FVP-FVSP and FVP-FVSP-TP composite particles loaded with tea polyphenols (TP), the high internal phase Pickering emulsions stabilized by FVP-FVSP and FVP-FVSP-TP for the delivery of β-carotene (BC) were created. FVP-FVSP-TP has more promise as Pickering emulsion stabilizer than FVP-FVSP because of the smaller particle size, proper contact angle, and lower surface tension.

Mining of latent feruloyl esterase resources in rumen and insight into dual-functional feruloyl esterase-xylanase from Pecoramyces ruminantium F1.

Feruloyl esterase (FAE) has been extensively studied for its crucial auxiliary effect in the biodegradation of lignocellulose. In this study, a FAE database including 15,293 amino acid sequences was established to gain a better understanding of rumen FAEs through multi-omics analysis. The higher expression level of rumen fungal FAEs over bacterial FAEs suggests that rumen fungi may have more important role in the lignocellulose degradation.

Exploring the effect of pH-shifting on the gel properties and interaction of heat-induced Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide-porcine myofibrillar protein for improving the quality of Flammulina velutipes-pork patties.

This study primarily investigated the impact of pH-shifting on the gel properties of Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP)-porcine myofibrillar protein (MPs) gels, aiming to improve the quality of Flammulina velutipes-pork patties. Our findings revealed that the water holding capacity (81.72 %), oil holding capacity (87.

Investigation on the interfacial and emulsion stabilized behavior of dextran/ferritin/resveratrol composite nanoparticles.

Glycation of ferritin provides a viable approach to enhance its physicochemical and functional properties. However, there is limited research on the interfacial adsorption properties of glycated ferritin-based colloidal particles. Therefore, this study selected recombinant human H-chain ferritin (rHuHF), rHuHF encapsulated with resveratrol (rHuHF-Res), and rHuHF-dextran glycoconjugates loaded with resveratrol (Dex-rHuHF-Res) as emulsifiers to investigate their interfacial adsorption properties.

Rumen-Targeted Mining of Enzymes for Bioenergy Production.

Second-generation biofuel production, which aims to convert lignocellulose to liquid transportation fuels, could be transformative in worldwide energy portfolios. A bottleneck impeding its large-scale deployment is conversion of the target polysaccharides in lignocellulose to their unit sugars for microbial fermentation to the desired fuels. Cellulose and hemicellulose, the two major polysaccharides in lignocellulose, are complex in nature, and their interactions with pectin and lignin further increase their recalcitrance to depolymerization.

Glucono-δ-lactone induced Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-casein composite gels for curcumin loading and delivery.

Polysaccharides could be used to form the network structure of casein (CA) gel, and affect its gelling properties. Auricularia auricula polysaccharide (AAP) has good gel properties and activity, however, how the AAP affects gelling properties of CA gels remains unclear. In this study, AAP and CA were acid-induced by glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) to prepare composite gels for curcumin loading.

Metabolomics and 16S rDNA sequencing of intestinal flora reveal the regulation of Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides on splenic immune function in lead-exposed mice.

Sparassis latifolia polysaccharides (SLPs) have immunomodulatory activity and lead excretion ability, but its regulatory mechanism through the gut microbiota-spleen axis has not been elucidated. In this study, spleen metabolomics and intestinal flora sequencing were combined to explore the regulatory mechanism of SLPs on spleen immune function in lead-exposed mice. The results showed that SLPs effectively reduced spleen lead content, alleviated spleen enlargement and oxidative stress.

Integrated Transcriptomics-Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Response Mechanism of to Infection.

Morels ( spp.) are valuable and rare edible mushrooms with unique flavors and high nutritional value. White mold disease occurring during cultivation has seriously affected the quality and yield of morels in China.

Taohong Siwu decoction enhances the chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin by promoting tumor vascular normalization.

Background: Instead of completely suppressing blood vessels inside tumors, vascular normalization therapy is proposed to normalize and prune the abnormal vasculature in tumor microenvironment (TME) to acquire a normal and stable blood flow and perfusion. The theoretical basis for the use of "blood-activating and stasis-resolving" formulas in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat cancer is highly consistent with the principle of vascular normalization therapy, suggesting the potential application of these traditional formulas in vascular normalization therapy.

Purpose: To study the underlying mechanisms of a classical "blood-activating and stasis-resolving" formula, Taohong Siwu decoction (TSD), in enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment.