Effects of Mongolian Bergenia crassifolia L. (root) extract on rumen methane emission and microbial community.

Objective: The study aims to research the effects of Mongolian plants on reducing methane emissions, fermentation parameters, and microbial communities in grazing systems.

Methods: Initially, various Mongolian plants were screened to assess their ability to reduce methane production in an in vitro experiment. The most effective plant was selected for extracting active components, and their concentrations were determined.

Detoxification of coumarins by rumen anaerobic fungi: insights into microbial degradation pathways and agricultural applications.

Background: Coumarins are toxic phytochemicals found in a variety of plants and are known to limit microbial degradation and interfere with nutrient cycling. While the degradation of coumarins by fungi has been studied in an environmental context, little is known about their degradation in the gastrointestinal system of herbivores after ingestion.

Results: In this study, we investigated in vitro fermentation by microbial enrichment, transcriptome sequencing, and high-resolution mass spectrometry to evaluate the ability of rumen anaerobic fungi to degrade coumarins.

Consensus Tracking Control of Uncertain Multiagent Systems With Sampled Data and Time-Varying Delay.

In this article, the adaptive consensus tracking control is developed for uncertain multiagent systems with time-varying state delay in the case that leader's state is accessible at sampling instants. By proposing a distributed sampled observer with hybrid form, adaptive tracking controller with the complementary term is designed for first-order multiagent systems, and then is extended to high-order multiagent systems with the aid of dynamic surface control. Through the complementary term, the effects of parameter estimation error as well as dynamical terms with time-varying delays are eliminated and thus less conservative condition on time delays is required.

A normalized PID controller in networked control systems with varying time delays.

It requires not only simplicity and flexibility but also high specified stability and robustness of system to design a PI/PID controller in such complicated networked control systems (NCSs) with delays. By gain and phase margins approach, this paper proposes a novel normalized PI/PID controller for NCSs based on analyzing the stability and robustness of system under the effect of network-induced delays. Specifically, We take into account the total measured network delays to formulate the gain and phase margins of the closed-loop system in the form of a set of equations.

Decentralized impulsive control for a class of uncertain interconnected systems.

A great deal of stabilization criteria has been obtained from study of stabilizing interconnected systems. The results obtained are usually based on continuous systems by state feedback. In this paper, decentralized impulsive control is presented to stabilize a class of uncertain interconnected systems based on Lyapunov theory.